![Jules Dejerine](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Jules_Dejerine.jpg)
Joseph Jules Dejerine (3 August 1849 – 26 February 1917), was a French
neurologist
Neurology (from el, νεῦρον (neûron), "string, nerve" and the suffix -logia, "study of") is the branch of medicine dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of all categories of conditions and disease involving the brain, the spinal c ...
.
Biography
Joseph Jules Dejerine was born to French parents in
Geneva
Geneva ( ; french: Genève ) frp, Genèva ; german: link=no, Genf ; it, Ginevra ; rm, Genevra is the List of cities in Switzerland, second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and the most populous city of Romandy, the French-speaki ...
,
Switzerland
). Swiss law does not designate a ''capital'' as such, but the federal parliament and government are installed in Bern, while other federal institutions, such as the federal courts, are in other cities (Bellinzona, Lausanne, Luzern, Neuchâtel ...
,
where his father was a carriage proprietor. During the
Franco-Prussian War (1870) Dejerine worked as a volunteer in a Geneva Hospital and in the spring of 1871 decided to pursue his
medicine
Medicine is the science and practice of caring for a patient, managing the diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, treatment, palliation of their injury or disease, and promoting their health. Medicine encompasses a variety of health care pract ...
studies in Paris. In France, he was introduced to and subsequently became a pupil of
Alfred Vulpian
Edmé Félix Alfred Vulpian (5 January 1826 – 18 May 1887) was a French physician and neurologist. He was the co-discoverer of Vulpian-Bernhardt spinal muscular atrophy and the Vulpian-Heidenhain-Sherrington phenomenon.
Vulpian was born in Par ...
, a notable neurologist.
Following qualification he achieved the academic ranks and gained several awards. In 1877 he was appointed to the
Hôpital Bicêtre, where he organized a
pathological
Pathology is the study of the causal, causes and effects of disease or injury. The word ''pathology'' also refers to the study of disease in general, incorporating a wide range of biology research fields and medical practices. However, when us ...
laboratory. He became ''
professeur agrégé
A teacher, also called a schoolteacher or formally an educator, is a person who helps students to acquire knowledge, competence, or virtue, via the practice of teaching.
''Informally'' the role of teacher may be taken on by anyone (e.g. whe ...
'' in 1886, and he found the opportunity to concentrate his efforts on
neurology
Neurology (from el, wikt:νεῦρον, νεῦρον (neûron), "string, nerve" and the suffix wikt:-logia, -logia, "study of") is the branch of specialty (medicine), medicine dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of all categories of co ...
. He worked at the
Hôpital Salpêtrière from 1895, became professor of the
history of medicine
The history of medicine is both a study of medicine throughout history as well as a multidisciplinary field of study that seeks to explore and understand medical practices, both past and present, throughout human societies.
More than just histo ...
in 1901 and received a senior appointment at the Salpêtrière in 1911 as professor of neurology at the
University of Paris
, image_name = Coat of arms of the University of Paris.svg
, image_size = 150px
, caption = Coat of Arms
, latin_name = Universitas magistrorum et scholarium Parisiensis
, motto = ''Hic et ubique terrarum'' (Latin)
, mottoeng = Here and a ...
, School of Medicine.
In 1888 Dejerine married his student,
Augusta Marie Klumpke, who had studied medicine in Paris and in 1887 had been the first woman to become ''interne des hôpitaux''.
Dejerine died in 1917 of
uremia
Uremia is the term for high levels of urea in the blood. Urea is one of the primary components of urine. It can be defined as an excess of amino acid and protein metabolism end products, such as urea and creatinine, in the blood that would be no ...
at the age of 68 years, physically debilitated by the stress of work in a military hospital during the
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
.
The centenary of his birth was commemorated in 1949 at the fourth International Neurological Congress in Paris, when Dejerine's pupil, André Thomas, gave a discourse on his mentor's life and achievements.
Advancements in medicine
Dejerine was one of the pioneers in the study of localisation of function in the
brain
A brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. It is located in the head, usually close to the sensory organs for senses such as vision. It is the most complex organ in a v ...
, having first shown that
pure alexia may occur as the result of lesions of the
supramarginal and
angular gyri. He also studied the pathology of
thalamic syndrome.
Dejerine's numerous publications span a period of more than 40 years. Like many eminent neurologists of his era, Dejerine became interested in
psychology
Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior. Psychology includes the study of conscious and unconscious phenomena, including feelings and thoughts. It is an academic discipline of immense scope, crossing the boundaries betwe ...
in the later stages of his career and he is remembered as a proponent of the view that the personality of the
psychotherapist
Psychotherapy (also psychological therapy, talk therapy, or talking therapy) is the use of psychological methods, particularly when based on regular personal interaction, to help a person change behavior, increase happiness, and overcome pro ...
is crucial in any interaction with the patient.
* ''"In man, emotion is almost everything and reason very little"'' (J. Dejerine)
Associated eponyms
* ''Dejerine's "onion-peel sensory loss"'': Sensory loss starting from mouth and nose and extending concentrically outward observed in lesions of the
trigeminal nucleus
The sensory trigeminal nerve nuclei are the largest of the cranial nerve nuclei, and extend through the whole of the midbrain, pons and medulla, and into the high cervical spinal cord.
The nucleus is divided into three parts, from rostral to caud ...
.
* ''Dejerine's cortical sensory syndrome'': Loss of
proprioception
Proprioception ( ), also referred to as kinaesthesia (or kinesthesia), is the sense of self-movement, force, and body position. It is sometimes described as the "sixth sense".
Proprioception is mediated by proprioceptors, mechanosensory neurons ...
and
stereognosis Stereognosis (also known as haptic perception or tactile gnosis) is the ability to perceive and recognize the form of an object in the absence of visual and auditory information, by using tactile information to provide cues from texture, size, spat ...
with retention of
touch
In physiology, the somatosensory system is the network of neural structures in the brain and body that produce the perception of touch ( haptic perception), as well as temperature ( thermoception), body position (proprioception), and pain. It ...
,
pain
Pain is a distressing feeling often caused by intense or damaging stimuli. The International Association for the Study of Pain defines pain as "an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, ...
,
temperature
Temperature is a physical quantity that expresses quantitatively the perceptions of hotness and coldness. Temperature is measured with a thermometer.
Thermometers are calibrated in various temperature scales that historically have relied o ...
and
vibration
Vibration is a mechanical phenomenon whereby oscillations occur about an equilibrium point. The word comes from Latin ''vibrationem'' ("shaking, brandishing"). The oscillations may be periodic function, periodic, such as the motion of a pendulum ...
seen in
parietal lobe
The parietal lobe is one of the four major lobes of the cerebral cortex in the brain of mammals. The parietal lobe is positioned above the temporal lobe and behind the frontal lobe and central sulcus.
The parietal lobe integrates sensory informa ...
lesion.
* ''Dejerine-Mouzon syndrome'': Another parietal lobe syndrome with severe impairment of the primary modalities of sensation (
pain
Pain is a distressing feeling often caused by intense or damaging stimuli. The International Association for the Study of Pain defines pain as "an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, ...
,
thermal
A thermal column (or thermal) is a rising mass of buoyant air, a convective current in the atmosphere, that transfers heat energy vertically. Thermals are created by the uneven heating of Earth's surface from solar radiation, and are an example ...
,
tactile
Tactile may refer to:
* Tactile, related to the sense of touch
* Haptics (disambiguation)
* Tactile (device), a text-to-braille translation device
See also
* Tangibility, in law
* Somatosensory system, where sensations are processed
* CD96
CD ...
, and
vibratory sense).
* ''
Dejerine syndrome'': Alternating
hypoglossal
The hypoglossal nerve, also known as the twelfth cranial nerve, cranial nerve XII, or simply CN XII, is a cranial nerve that innervates all the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue except for the palatoglossus, which is innervated by ...
hemiplegia syndrome seen in neurovascular
bulbar
The medulla oblongata or simply medulla is a long stem-like structure which makes up the lower part of the brainstem. It is anterior and partially inferior to the cerebellum. It is a cone-shaped neuronal mass responsible for autonomic (invol ...
lesions. In English-speaking countries, this alternating syndrome is better known as Jackson's syndrome after
John Hughlings Jackson (1835 - 1911).
* ''Dejerine syndrome'' can also refer to
pure alexia.
* ''
Dejerine-Klumpke paralysis'': Lower
brachial plexus
The brachial plexus is a network () of nerves formed by the anterior rami of the lower four cervical nerves and first thoracic nerve ( C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1). This plexus extends from the spinal cord, through the cervicoaxillary canal in th ...
paralysis
Paralysis (also known as plegia) is a loss of motor function in one or more muscles. Paralysis can also be accompanied by a loss of feeling (sensory loss) in the affected area if there is sensory damage. In the United States, roughly 1 in 50 ...
occurring during birth, particularly with breech deliveries; this is actually named after
Augusta Dejerine-Klumpke
Augusta may refer to:
Places Australia
* Augusta, Western Australia
Brasil
* Rua Augusta (São Paulo)
Canada
* Augusta, Ontario
* North Augusta, Ontario
* Augusta Street (Hamilton, Ontario)
France
* Augusta Suessionum ("Augusta of the Su ...
.
* ''
Dejerine-Roussy syndrome'': Syndrome due to lesions of the posterior
thalamus
The thalamus (from Greek θάλαμος, "chamber") is a large mass of gray matter located in the dorsal part of the diencephalon (a division of the forebrain). Nerve fibers project out of the thalamus to the cerebral cortex in all directions, ...
. Named along with French physician
Gustave Roussy (1874–1948).
* ''
Dejerine-Sottas disease'': A slowly progressive hereditary form of hypertrophic
neuropathy
Peripheral neuropathy, often shortened to neuropathy, is a general term describing disease affecting the peripheral nerves, meaning nerves beyond the brain and spinal cord. Damage to peripheral nerves may impair sensation, movement, gland, or o ...
characterised by motor and sensory disturbance in the limbs commencing in childhood or adolescence. Named along with French neurologist
Jules Sottas
Jules Sottas (22 May 1866, Paris – 28 September 1945, Paris) was a French neurologist.[IDREF.fr]
(bibliography)
He studie ...
(1866–1945).
* ''Dejerine-Thomas
olivopontocerebellar atrophy
Olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA) is the degeneration of neurons in specific areas of the brain – the cerebellum, pons, and inferior olivary nucleus. OPCA is present in several neurodegenerative syndromes, including inherited and non-inherited ...
'': A sporadically occurring form of chronic progressive
ataxia
Ataxia is a neurological sign consisting of lack of voluntary coordination of muscle movements that can include gait abnormality, speech changes, and abnormalities in eye movements. Ataxia is a clinical manifestation indicating dysfunction of ...
.
* ''
Landouzy-Dejerine syndrome'': A hereditary form of slowly
progressive muscular dystrophy involving primarily the musculature of the shoulders and face, with pattern of inheritance autosomal dominant. Named along with French physician
Louis Théophile Joseph Landouzy (1845–1917).
Bibliography
* ''Recherches sur les lésions du système nerveux dans la paralysie ascendante aiguë''. Paris, 1879
* ''L'héredité dans les maladies du système nerveux''. Paris, 1886
* ''Anatomie des centres nerveux'', with Augusta Marie Dejerine-Klumpke. 2 volumes, Paris, 1895 and 1901
* ''Traité des maladies de la moëlle épinière'', with André Thomas. Paris, 1902
* ''Sémiologie des affections du système nerveux'', with Augusta Marie Dejerine-Klumpke. Paris, 1914
References
External links
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dejerine, Joseph Jules
1849 births
1917 deaths
Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
French neurologists
University of Paris people