Jorge Enrique Galán is an

Argentinian Argentines (mistakenly translated Argentineans in the past; in Spanish ( masculine) or ( feminine)) are people identified with the country of Argentina. This connection may be residential, legal, historical or cultural. For most Argentines, ...

- American microbiologist who specializes in infectious disease, bacterial

pathogenesis Pathogenesis is the process by which a disease or disorder develops. It can include factors which contribute not only to the onset of the disease or disorder, but also to its progression and maintenance. The word comes from Greek πάθος ''pat ...

including Salmonella.

Research

Galán started his career as an associate professor at SUNY Stony Brook in the Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology. In 1998, Galan joined the

Yale University Yale University is a Private university, private research university in New Haven, Connecticut. Established in 1701 as the Collegiate School, it is the List of Colonial Colleges, third-oldest institution of higher education in the United Sta ...

faculty. He runs the Galán Laboratory at

Yale University School of Medicine The Yale School of Medicine is the graduate medical school at Yale University, a private research university in New Haven, Connecticut. It was founded in 1810 as the Medical Institution of Yale College and formally opened in 1813. The primary te ...

which studies the "molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis of Salmonella and Campylobacter". Galan's lab takes

a multidisciplinary approach that include bacterial genetics, animal models, cell biology, immunology, and structural biology approaches.
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aim to define the functional and...the atomic interface between these pathogens and their hosts and...to provide the bases for the development of novel prevention and therapeutic strategies to combat infectious diseases that are a global public health concern.

Galan discovered that certain microbes use a molecular machine called a

type III secretion system The type III secretion system (T3SS or TTSS), also called the injectisome, is one of the bacterial secretion systems used by bacteria to secrete their effector proteins into the host's cells to promote virulence and colonisation. The T3SS is a ...

( T3SS, large, needle-like complexes of more than 30 proteins) to infect and replicate within

eukaryotic cells Eukaryotes () are organisms whose cells have a nucleus. All animals, plants, fungi, and many unicellular organisms, are Eukaryotes. They belong to the group of organisms Eukaryota or Eukarya, which is one of the three domains of life. Bact ...

. A number of disease-causing

Gram-negative bacteria Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial differentiation. They are characterized by their cell envelopes, which are composed of a thin peptidoglycan cell wall ...

, including '' Salmonella'', ''

Shigella ''Shigella'' is a genus of bacteria that is Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, non-spore-forming, nonmotile, rod-shaped, and genetically closely related to '' E. coli''. The genus is named after Kiyoshi Shiga, who first discovered it in 1 ...

'', ''

Yersinia ''Yersinia'' is a genus of bacteria in the family Yersiniaceae. ''Yersinia'' species are Gram-negative, coccobacilli bacteria, a few micrometers long and fractions of a micrometer in diameter, and are facultative anaerobes. Some members of ''Yer ...

'', and ''

Chlamydia Chlamydia, or more specifically a chlamydia infection, is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium '' Chlamydia trachomatis''. Most people who are infected have no symptoms. When symptoms do appear they may occur only several we ...

'', also deploy T3SSs, which makes the system a potential therapeutic target for the next generation of antibiotics.'

Galan’s lab features a cross-disciplinary approach to understanding an essential feature of the pathogenicity of Salmonella and Campylobacter — i.e., the ability of host cell and pathogen to engage in a two-way biochemical interaction, or cross talk. Understanding these mechanism has already led to the identification of several ways to intervene in infections of these bacteria, which cause millions of illnesses each year.

He is the

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professor of Microbial Pathogenesis at Yale School of Medicine.

Awards

Member, National Academy of Medicine, USA (2019) MERIT Award National Institutes of Health (2015) Member, National Acadey of Sciences USA (2012)

Robert Koch Prize The Robert Koch Medal and Award are two prizes awarded annually by the German for excellence in the biomedical sciences. These awards grew out of early attempts by German physician Robert Koch to generate funding to support his research into the ...

, Robert Koch Foundation 2011 Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science (2011) Alexander M. Cruickshank Award. Grodon Research Conferences (2010) ISI Highly cited researcher in Microbiology (2009) Member, German Academy of Science Leopoldina (2009) Senior Scholar Award in Global Infectious Diseases, Ellison Medical Foundation 2004 Hans-Sigrist Prize, Hans-Sigrist-Foundation, Berne, Switzerland (2002) MERIT Award, National Institutes of Health (2000) Searle-Chicago Community Trust Scholar (1991) Sinsheimer Scholar in the Biomedical Sciences, Sinsheimer Foundation (1991) Pew Scholar in the Biomedical Sciences,

Pew Foundation The Pew Charitable Trusts is an independent non-profit, non-governmental organization (NGO), founded in 1948. With over 6 billion in assets, its stated mission is to serve the public interest by "improving public policy, informing the public, a ...

(1990)

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Galan, Jorge, E. Year of birth missing (living people) Living people American bacteriologists Argentine biologists Argentine veterinarians Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences Cornell University alumni National University of La Plata alumni Washington University in St. Louis fellows Yale School of Medicine faculty