Sir John Henry Keswick,
KCMG KCMG may refer to
* KC Motorgroup, based in Hong Kong, China
* Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George, British honour
* KCMG-LP, radio station in New Mexico, USA
* KCMG, callsign 1997-2001 of Los Angeles radio station KKLQ (FM) ...
(1906–1982) was an influential Scottish businessman in China and Hong Kong. He was the
tai-pan
A tai-pan (,Andrew J. Moody, "Transmission Languages and Source Languages of Chinese Borrowings in English", ''American Speech'', Vol. 71, No. 4 (Winter, 1996), pp. 414-415. literally "top class"汉英词典 — ''A Chinese-English Dictionary' ...
of the
Jardine, Matheson & Co., the leading British trading firm in the Far East, and had established friendship with many Chinese politicians. He was also a representative of the
Special Operations Executive
The Special Operations Executive (SOE) was a secret British World War II organisation. It was officially formed on 22 July 1940 under Minister of Economic Warfare Hugh Dalton, from the amalgamation of three existing secret organisations. Its pu ...
, a British intelligence service during the
Second World War
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposi ...
.
Early life and wartime career
Sir John Keswick was born in 1906 to the third generation of
Keswick family
The Keswick family (pronounced with a silent "w", "Kezzick") are a business dynasty of Scottish origin associated with the Far East region since 1855 and in particular the conglomerate Jardine Matheson.
As tai-pans of Jardine Matheson & Company, ...
in the
Jardine, Matheson & Co. His father,
Henry Keswick, son of
William Keswick
William Keswick (15 April 1834 – 9 March 1912) was a British Conservative politician and businessman, patriarch of the Keswick family, an influential shipping family in Hong Kong associated with Jardine Matheson Holdings.
Biography
Keswick ...
, was a Jardines
tai-pan
A tai-pan (,Andrew J. Moody, "Transmission Languages and Source Languages of Chinese Borrowings in English", ''American Speech'', Vol. 71, No. 4 (Winter, 1996), pp. 414-415. literally "top class"汉英词典 — ''A Chinese-English Dictionary' ...
and a
Conservative
Conservatism is a cultural, social, and political philosophy that seeks to promote and to preserve traditional institutions, practices, and values. The central tenets of conservatism may vary in relation to the culture and civilization in ...
Member of Parliament
A member of parliament (MP) is the representative in parliament of the people who live in their electoral district. In many countries with bicameral parliaments, this term refers only to members of the lower house since upper house members o ...
. Sir John followed his father and grandfather into Jardines in 1929 at the age of 23. He worked in Shanghai from 1931 until the outbreak of the
Second World War
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposi ...
in Europe in 1939.
He then went to
Chungking
Chongqing ( or ; ; Sichuanese pronunciation: , Standard Mandarin pronunciation: ), alternately romanized as Chungking (), is a municipality in Southwest China. The official abbreviation of the city, "" (), was approved by the State Coun ...
, the wartime capital of China and worked for the
Minister of Economic Warfare in the
wartime government, attached to the British Embassy as a
Special Operations Executive
The Special Operations Executive (SOE) was a secret British World War II organisation. It was officially formed on 22 July 1940 under Minister of Economic Warfare Hugh Dalton, from the amalgamation of three existing secret organisations. Its pu ...
(SOE) Oriental Mission's representative.
He negotiated with
Chiang Kai-shek for SOE to develop training facilities including the Special Training School on his territory in January 1942. But the relationship faltered soon after as the head of Chiang's intelligence service, General
Tai Li and others insisted that the STS should be headed by a Chinese. As a result, Sir John and his White Russian deputy Vladimir Petropavlovsky were ordered to leave the country in 1943. He was transferred to
Lord Mountbatten as a liaison officer with the
Southeast Asia Command.
During the time in Chungking, he established friendship with
Zhou Enlai
Zhou Enlai (; 5 March 1898 – 8 January 1976) was a Chinese statesman and military officer who served as the first premier of the People's Republic of China from 1 October 1949 until his death on 8 January 1976. Zhou served under Chairman Ma ...
, who later became the
Premier of the People's Republic of China. He married Clare Elwes in 1940.
Post-war career
After the
Communist takeover, Jardine's head office was moved to Hong Kong. Despite attempting to work with the Communists and personally negotiating the handover of Jardines assets to the communists, business conditions became worse. He and his wife were put under house arrest.
Operations were closed in 1954 with the effective nationalisation of the company's interests and a $20 million loss.
He was the taipan of the Jardines from 1952 to 1956 in Hong Kong and was appointed to the
Executive Council.
For his contributions, he was invested as a
Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in 1950.
He was also the president of the Sino-British Trade Council from 1961 to 1973 and was at one time president of the
China Association and vice-president of the
Great Britain-China Centre. In 1973, he was awarded the
Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG) for his contributions to China trade.
As a personal friend of Zhou Enlai, Sir John continued to make annual trips to China.
In 1979 when
Deng Xiaoping
Deng Xiaoping (22 August 1904 – 19 February 1997) was a Chinese revolutionary leader, military commander and statesman who served as the paramount leader of the People's Republic of China (PRC) from December 1978 to November 1989. After CCP ...
seized the power after the
Cultural Revolution
The Cultural Revolution, formally known as the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, was a sociopolitical movement in the People's Republic of China (PRC) launched by Mao Zedong in 1966, and lasting until his death in 1976. Its stated goa ...
, Sir John visited China with the Great Britain-China Centre delegation that led by
Malcolm MacDonald
Malcolm Ian Macdonald (born 7 January 1950) is an English former professional footballer, manager and media figure. Nicknamed 'Supermac', Macdonald was a quick, powerfully built prolific goalscorer. He played for Fulham, Luton Town, Newcastle ...
, former
British High Commissioner in Southeast Asia and also a long-time friend of Zhou Enlai, and included Sir
Harold Thompson and Elizabeth Wright. They had a 90-minute surprise interview with Deng and met with many Chinese officials.
Personal life and family
Sir John spoke fluent Chinese. He developed friendship with
Zhou Enlai
Zhou Enlai (; 5 March 1898 – 8 January 1976) was a Chinese statesman and military officer who served as the first premier of the People's Republic of China from 1 October 1949 until his death on 8 January 1976. Zhou served under Chairman Ma ...
,
Premier of the People's Republic of China, and Madame
Soong Ching-ling
Rosamond Soong Ch'ing-ling (27 January 189329 May 1981) was a Chinese political figure. As the third wife of Sun Yat-sen, then Premier of the Kuomintang and President of the Republic of China, she was often referred to as Madame Sun Yat-sen. ...
, wife of
Sun Yat-sen during his stay in China. He was a Chinese art collector, particularly contemporary paintings.
He married Clare Mary Alice Cynthia Catherine Celia Elwes (1905–1998), youngest daughter of the tenor
Gervase Elwes
Gervase Henry Cary-Elwes, DL (15 November 1866 – 12 January 1921), better known as Gervase Elwes, was an English tenor of great distinction, who exercised a powerful influence over the development of English music from the early 1900s up u ...
and Lady Winefride, daughter of the
8th Earl of Denbigh. They married in
Westminster Cathedral
Westminster Cathedral is the mother church of the Catholic Church in England and Wales. It is the largest Catholic church in the UK and the seat of the Archbishop of Westminster.
The site on which the cathedral stands in the City o ...
in 1940. Their only child was Margaret Keswick (1941–1995). She was a writer, gardener and designer and married an American architect and writer
Charles Jencks
Charles Alexander Jencks (21 June 1939 – 13 October 2019) was an American cultural theorist, landscape designer, architectural historian, and co-founder of the Maggie’s Cancer Care Centres. He published over thirty books and became famous i ...
in 1978.
Together with his daughter, Sir John founded the Hollywood Trust in 1981 to address problems the disadvantaged young people in
Dumfries and Galloway faced, and also the Keswick Foundation in 1979 for the mental health in Hong Kong.
Margaret also founded the
Maggie's Centres
Maggie's centres are a network of drop-in centres across the United Kingdom and Hong Kong, which aim to help anyone who has been affected by cancer. They are not intended as a replacement for conventional cancer therapy, but as a caring enviro ...
for those suffering from cancer.
See also
*
History of Jardine, Matheson & Co.
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Keswick, John
1906 births
1982 deaths
Scottish expatriates in Hong Kong
Scottish expatriates in China
20th-century Scottish businesspeople
Hong Kong chief executives
Jardine Matheson Group
John
John is a common English name and surname:
* John (given name)
* John (surname)
John may also refer to:
New Testament
Works
* Gospel of John, a title often shortened to John
* First Epistle of John, often shortened to 1 John
* Secon ...
Members of the Executive Council of Hong Kong
Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George