Joaquín Lluch y Garriga,

O.C.D. The Discalced Carmelites, known officially as the Order of the Discalced Carmelites of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel ( la, Ordo Fratrum Carmelitarum Discalceatorum Beatae Mariae Virginis de Monte Carmelo) or the Order of Discalced Carme ...

(22 February 1816 – 23 September 1882) was a Spanish prelate of the Catholic Church who was bishop of the

Canary Islands The Canary Islands (; es, Canarias, ), also known informally as the Canaries, are a Spanish autonomous community and archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, in Macaronesia. At their closest point to the African mainland, they are west of Morocc ...

from 1858 to 1868, bishop of

Salamanca Salamanca () is a city in western Spain and is the capital of the Province of Salamanca in the autonomous community of Castile and León. The city lies on several rolling hills by the Tormes River. Its Old City was declared a UNESCO World Heritag ...

from 1868 to 1874, bishop of

Barcelona Barcelona ( , , ) is a city on the coast of northeastern Spain. It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia, as well as the second most populous municipality of Spain. With a population of 1.6 million within ci ...

from 1874 to 1877, and archbishop of

Seville Seville (; es, Sevilla, ) is the capital and largest city of the Spanish autonomous community of Andalusia and the province of Seville. It is situated on the lower reaches of the River Guadalquivir, in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula ...

from 1877 until his death in 1886. He was made a cardinal in 1882.

Biography

Joaquín Jacinto Lluch y Garriga was born in

Manresa Manresa () is the capital of the Comarca of Bages, located in the geographical centre of Catalonia, Spain, and crossed by the river Cardener. It is an industrial area with textile, metallurgical, and glass industries. The houses of Manresa are ...

, Spain, on 22 February 1816. He studied in Manresa and after 1822 in Barcelona. He entered the order of

Discalced Carmelites The Discalced Carmelites, known officially as the Order of the Discalced Carmelites of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel ( la, Ordo Fratrum Carmelitarum Discalceatorum Beatae Mariae Virginis de Monte Carmelo) or the Order of Discalced Carme ...

on 2 November 1830 and took his vows on 27 February 1832. In 1835, when the Spanish government began expropriating monasteries and forcing them to close, he left Spain and eventually settled in

Lucca Lucca ( , ) is a city and ''comune'' in Tuscany, Central Italy, on the Serchio River, in a fertile plain near the Ligurian Sea. The city has a population of about 89,000, while its province has a population of 383,957. Lucca is known as one o ...

, where he completed his studies and was ordained a priest in 1838. In Lucca, he was master of novices and directed spiritual exercises; he taught philosophy, theology, and French. When the Italian governments suppressed the Carmelite monasteries, he returned to Barcelona in 1847 without the possibility of continuing to live a monastic life. He fulfilled pastoral assignments, worked as a professor and seminary administrator, and held leadership roles within the Carmelites.

Queen Isabel II Isabella II ( es, Isabel II; 10 October 1830 – 9 April 1904), was Queen of Spain from 29 September 1833 until 30 September 1868. Shortly before her birth, the King Ferdinand VII of Spain issued a Pragmatic Sanction to ensure the successio ...

proposed him for bishop of the Canary Islands on 22 September 1858. He received his episcopal consecration on 12 December 1858 from Florentino Llorente Montón, Bishop of Girona. He was transferred to the see of Salamanca on 13 March 1868. He participated in the

First Vatican Council The First Ecumenical Council of the Vatican, commonly known as the First Vatican Council or Vatican I was convoked by Pope Pius IX on 29 June 1868, after a period of planning and preparation that began on 6 December 1864. This, the twentieth ecu ...

in 1869-1870, where he proved one of the more eloquent spokesmen for conservatism. He advocated for requiring bishops to make pastoral visitation at least every three years and tried to soften language about the sins of the clergy. He was transferred to the see of Barcelona on 16 January 1874.

King Alfonso XII Alfonso XII (Alfonso Francisco de Asís Fernando Pío Juan María de la Concepción Gregorio Pelayo; 28 November 185725 November 1885), also known as El Pacificador or the Peacemaker, was King of Spain from 29 December 1874 to his death in 1885 ...

proposed him for the archdiocese of Sevilla on 7 May 1877 and Pope Pius made the appointment on 22 June 1877. Sepulcro del cardenal Joaquín Lluch y Garriga (Capilla de San Laureano de la catedral de Sevilla)

Sepulcro del cardenal Joaquín Lluch y Garriga (Capilla de San Laureano de la catedral de Sevilla)

Pope Leo XIII Pope Leo XIII ( it, Leone XIII; born Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi Pecci; 2 March 1810 – 20 July 1903) was the head of the Catholic Church from 20 February 1878 to his death in July 1903. Living until the age of 93, he was the second-old ...

made him a cardinal priest on 27 March 1882. He died six months later on 23 September 1882 in Umbrete, a village outside of Seville where the Archbishop's Palace served as his summer residence. He was interred in the chapel of Saint in the Cathedral of Seville. He had not travelled to Rome to receive his cardinal's red

galero A (plural: ; from la, galērum, originally connotating a helmet made of skins; cf. '' galea'') is a broad-brimmed hat with tasselated strings which was worn by clergy in the Catholic Church. Over the centuries, the red ''galero'' was restricte ...

and be assigned his titular church.

Notes

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External links

* * {{DEFAULTSORT:Lluch y Garriga, Joaquín 1816 births 1882 deaths People from Manresa Bishops of Salamanca Bishops of Barcelona Bishops of Seville Cardinals created by Pope Leo XIII Carmelite cardinals