Jiang and Chiang () is a

Chinese Chinese can refer to: * Something related to China * Chinese people, people of Chinese nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity **''Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic concept of the Chinese nation ** List of ethnic groups in China, people of va ...

surname. In 2019, it was the 39th most common surname in

mainland China "Mainland China" is a geopolitical term defined as the territory governed by the People's Republic of China (including islands like Hainan or Chongming), excluding dependent territories of the PRC, and other territories within Greater China. ...

. It is listed 13th in the '' Hundred Family Surnames'' poem.

Origins

*In the Jiang (state) and

Zheng (state) Zheng (; ; Old Chinese: *') was a vassal state in China during the Zhou Dynasty (1046–221 BCE) located in the centre of ancient China in modern-day Henan Province on the North China Plain about east of the royal capital at Luoyang. It was th ...

, when feudal lords were given the surname Jiang during the

Zhou dynasty The Zhou dynasty ( ; Old Chinese ( B&S): *''tiw'') was a royal dynasty of China that followed the Shang dynasty. Having lasted 789 years, the Zhou dynasty was the longest dynastic regime in Chinese history. The military control of China by th ...

*The

Zhuang people The Zhuang (; ; za, Bouxcuengh, italic=yes; ) are a Tai-speaking ethnic group who mostly live in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in Southern China. Some also live in the Yunnan, Guangdong, Guizhou, and Hunan provinces. They form one of ...

were given the surname Jiang (蔣) during the Zhou dynasty *The

Miao people The Miao are a group of linguistically-related peoples living in Southern China and Southeast Asia, who are recognized by the government of China as one of the 56 List of ethnic groups in China, official ethnic groups. The Miao live primarily in ...

Tujia people The Tujia ( Northern Tujia: ''Bifjixkhar'' / ''Bifzixkar'', IPA: , Southern Tujia: ''Mongrzzir'', ; ) are an ethnic group and, with a total population of over 8 million, the eighth-largest officially recognized ethnic minority in the People's ...

Lahu people The Lahu people ( Lāhùzú; Lahu: ''Ladhulsi'' / ''Kawzhawd''; vi, La Hủ) are an ethnic group of China and Mainland Southeast Asia. Etymology The Chinese name "Lahu" literally means "to drag favour from heaven" (拉, lā, "to drag" ...

, and Yao people use the surname Jiang (蔣) *The

Mongolia Mongolia; Mongolian script: , , ; lit. "Mongol Nation" or "State of Mongolia" () is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south. It covers an area of , with a population of just 3.3 million, ...

n people received the surname Jiang during the

Yuan dynasty The Yuan dynasty (), officially the Great Yuan (; xng, , , literally "Great Yuan State"), was a Mongol-led imperial dynasty of China and a successor state to the Mongol Empire after its division. It was established by Kublai, the fifth ...

Chiang political family

Chiang Kai-shek Chiang Kai-shek (31 October 1887 – 5 April 1975), also known as Chiang Chung-cheng and Jiang Jieshi, was a Chinese Nationalist politician, revolutionary, and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China (ROC) from 1928 ...

President of the Republic of China The president of the Republic of China, now often referred to as the president of Taiwan, is the head of state of the Republic of China (ROC), as well as the commander-in-chief of the Republic of China Armed Forces. The position once had aut ...

, Director General of the

Kuomintang The Kuomintang (KMT), also referred to as the Guomindang (GMD), the Nationalist Party of China (NPC) or the Chinese Nationalist Party (CNP), is a major political party in the Republic of China, initially on the Chinese mainland and in Tai ...

* Chiang Ching-kuo,

, Chairman of the Kuomintang *

Chiang Fang-liang Faina Chiang Fang-liang (, born Faina Ipat'evna Vakhreva (russian: Фаина Ипатьевна Вахрева, be, Фаіна Іпацьеўна Вахрава; 15 May 1916 – 15 December 2004) was the First Lady of the Republic of China ...

, Faina Chiang Fang-liang ( 蔣方良; 1916 – 2004) the wife of President Chiang Ching-kuo * Chiang Hsiao-yen (蔣孝嚴; born 1942) or John Chiang, formerly surnamed Chang (章; Zhāng), is a Taiwanese politician **

Chiang Wan-an Chiang Wan-an (; born 26 December 1978), also known as Wayne Chiang, is a Taiwanese politician who is the mayor of Taipei. He is the son of former Vice Premier John Chiang, and is believed to be a great-grandson of former President of the Repub ...

蔣萬安; pinyin: Jiǎng Wàn'ān); born 1978 or Wayne Chiang, formerly surnamed Chang (章; Zhāng), is a Taiwanese politician *

Chiang Wei-kuo Chiang Wei-kuo (; 6 October 1916 – 22 September 1997), also known as Wego Chiang, was the adopted son of Republic of China President Chiang Kai-shek, the adoptive brother of President Chiang Ching-kuo, a retired Army general, and an important f ...

, adopted son of Chiang Kai-shek and

Republic of China Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeast ...

politician

Notable people

Chiang Wei-shui Chiang Wei-shui (; 6 August 1890 – 5 August 1931) was a Taiwanese physician and activist. He was a founding member of the Taiwanese Cultural Association and the Taiwanese People's Party. He is seen as one of the most important figures in Ta ...

, Taiwanese colonial resistance movement advocate *Jiang Bingzhi, author better known as Ding Ling *

Jiang Menglin Jiang Menglin (; 20 January 1886 – 1964), also known as Chiang Monlin, was a Chinese educator, writer, and politician. Between 1919 and 1927, he also served as the President of Peking University. He later became the president of National Chek ...

, Chinese educator *

Jiang Tingxi Jiang Tingxi (, 1669–1732Barnhart: Page 379.), courtesy name Yangsun (), was a Chinese painter, and an editor of the encyclopedia ''Gujin Tushu Jicheng'' (''Complete Collection of Ancient and Modern Writings and Charts''). Jiang was born in ...

, painter *

Jiang Wan Jiang Wan (180s - November or December 246), courtesy name Gongyan, was a regent and military general of the state of Shu during the Three Kingdoms period of China. Born in the late Eastern Han dynasty, Jiang Wan initially served as a scribe, c ...

Shu Han Han (; 221–263), known in historiography as Shu Han ( ) or Ji Han ( "Junior Han"), or often shortened to Shu (; pinyin: ''shŭ'' <

Jiang Ying (musician) Jiang Ying (; August 11, 1919 – February 5, 2012) was a Chinese opera singer and music teacher. She was the wife of Chinese rocket scientist Qian Xuesen, to whom she was married from 1947 until 2009 (his death). Early life On 11 Aug 1919, Jia ...

(born 1919), Chinese singer *

Hong Jiang Hong Jiang from the Intel Corporation, Santa Clara, CA was named Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is a 501(c)(3) professional association for electro ...

, American engineer *

Tihao Chiang Tihao Chiang is an electrical engineer working for Ambarella Taiwan, Ltd., in Hsinchu, Taiwan. Chiang was named a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2014 for his contributions to the theory and applications of ...

, Taiwanese engineer *

Jiang Yanyong Jiang Yanyong (born October 4, 1931) is a Chinese physician who publicized a coverup of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic in Mainland China. Born into the Zhejiang Xingye Bank family, Jiang was the chief physician of the 3 ...

(born October 4, 1931) is a Chinese physician who publicized a coverup of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic in China *

Jiang Chaoliang Jiang Chaoliang (; born 1 August 1957) is a Chinese politician and investor. In the past, he has served as the governor of Jilin province in Northeast China, and an executive at China Development Bank and the Agricultural Bank of China. Jiang is ...

(蒋超良; born 1957) is a Chinese politician and investor * Jiang Jinfu (蒋劲夫; born 1991) is a Chinese actor and model *

Jiang Xin Jiang Xin (; born 8 May 1983), also known by her English name Rulu Jiang, is a Chinese actress. Life and career Jiang Xin entered Zhengzhou City's Children Arts Group at the age of 7 and Henan Children Arts Group at the age of 8. At the age of 9 ...

(蒋欣; born 1983), also known by her English name Rulu Jiang, is a Chinese actress * Jiang Qinqin (蒋勤勤; born 1975) is a Chinese actress. She is sometimes credited as Shui Ling * Jiang Wenli (Chinese: 蒋雯丽, born 1969) is a Chinese actress, director, producer, and screenwriter. A native of Tianjin. *

Jiang Mengjie Jiang Mengjie (, born 7 December 1989) is a Chinese actress. She is best known for her role as Lin Daiyu in 2010 television series '' The Dream of Red Mansions''. Personal life Jiang was born in Wuhu, Anhui on December 7, 1989. She was a gradua ...

(Chinese: 蒋梦婕, born 1989) is a Chinese actress. She is best known for her role as Lin Daiyu in 2010 television series *

( 蒋英; 1919 – 2012) was a Chinese opera singer and music teacher *

Jiang Dawei Jiang Dawei (born January 22, 1947) is a Chinese folk singer, best known for a number of hit songs such as the theme song for the 1986 TV series '' Journey to the West''. In 1968, he joined the Forest Trooper Art Troupe and began his singing ca ...

(born 1947) is a Chinese folk singer, best known for a number of hit songs such as the theme song for the 1986 TV series Journey * Jiang Fangzhou (simplified Chinese: 蒋方舟; traditional Chinese: 蔣方舟; pinyin: Jiǎng Fāngzhōu; born October 27, 1989, in the city of Xiangyang, in Hubei province) *

Jiang Gan Jiang Gan ( 209), courtesy name Ziyi, was a debater and scholar who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. He is best known for his attempt to persuade Zhou Yu, a general serving under the warlord Sun Quan, to defect to Sun Quan's ...

, a debater and scholar who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China *

Jiang Qin Jiang Qin (died 219), courtesy name Gongyi, was a military general and naval specialist serving under the warlord Sun Quan during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. He previously served under Sun Quan's elder brother and predecessor, Sun Ce, ...

Jiang Biwei Jiang Biwei (; 9 April 1899 – 12 December 1978) was influential in the lives of the painter Xu Beihong and the politician Chang Tao-fan. She published her memoirs and she is portrayed in Chinese historical dramas. Life Early life Jiang was ...

(Chinese: 蔣碧薇; 1899 – 1978) was influential in the lives of the painter Xu Beihong and the politician *

Jiang Qing (Confucian) Jiang Qing (; born 1953) is a contemporary Chinese Confucian. He is best known for his criticism of New Confucianism, which according to him, deviated from the original Confucian principles and is overly influenced by Western liberal democracy. H ...

(蒋庆; born 1953) is a contemporary Chinese Confucian. * Jiang Yanjiao (蒋燕皎; born 1986), is a Chinese badminton player from Changzhou *

(蒋梦麟; 1886 – 1964), also known as Chiang Monlin, was a Chinese educator, writer * Jiang Ji *

Jiang Ziwen Jiang Ziwen () was a '' wei'' of Moling (modern Nanjing) county in China during the Eastern Han Dynasty. Originally from Guangling, now a district of Yangzhou in Jiangsu Province, he became addicted to wine and women, but was nonetheless recogni ...

(蔣子文;) was a wei of Moling (modern Nanjing) county in China during the Eastern Han *

Jiang Dingwen Jiang Dingwen (; December 30, 1895–2 January 1974), courtesy name Mingsan (銘三), was a KMT general from Zhuji, Zhejiang. He was a recipient of the China War Memorial Medal This China War Memorial Medal, also known as the Medal in Commem ...

(蒋鼎文; 1895–1974), courtesy name Mingsan (銘三) *

Tsiang Tingfu Tsiang Tingfu (; 17 February 1895 – 9 October 1965), was a historian and diplomat of the Republic of China who published in English under the name T.F. Tsiang. Early life and education Tsiang was born in Shaoyang in Hunan Province. Tsiang's ...

(蔣廷黻; 1895 – 1965), was a historian and diplomat of the Republic of China who published *

Jiang Chengji Jiang Chengji (born 25 November 1975) (; born November 25, 1975 in Shanghai) is an international male PR China, Chinese Butterfly stroke, butterfly, breaststroke and Freestyle swimming, freestyle swimmer from Shanghai. He competed at the Swimming ...

(born 1975) (: 蔣丞稷; born 1975 in Shanghai) is *

(蒋廷锡; 1669–1732), courtesy name Yangsun *

Tyias Browning Tyias Charles Browning (born 27 May 1994), also known as Jiang Guangtai (), is a professional footballer who plays as a defender for Chinese Super League club Shanghai Port. Born in Liverpool, England to a mother of Cantonese descent, he has ...

, known as Jiang Guangtai in China (simplified Chinese: 蒋光太; traditional Chinese: 蔣光太; pinyin: Jiǎng Guāngtài; born 27 May 1994) is *

Jiang Zhuoqing Jiang Zhuoqing (; born August 1959) is a Chinese politician, who is serving as the Chairperson of the Shanghai People's Congress since 2020. Career Jiang was born in Cixi, Zhejiang province. He began his career as a waiter of Xiangyang Restaur ...

(Chinese: 蒋卓庆; pinyin: Jiăng Zhuóqìng; born August 1959) is a Chinese politician, who is serving as the Chairperson of the Shanghai People's *

Jiang Xiaowan Jiang Xiaowan was the interpreter who accompanied Aurel Stein on his expedition to Dunhuang in 1907 and enabled Stein to secure the purchase of ancient manuscripts, including the Diamond Sutra, the world's oldest dated printed text. Name ''J ...

, recorded. Jiang was more often referred to as Chiang Ssu-Yeh (Wade–Giles) or Jiang Siye (Pinyin), which was likely the mistranscription of Chinese: 蔣師爺; lit *

Jiang Shiquan Jiang Shiquan (; December 1, 1725–April 3, 1784) was a Chinese poet of the Qing dynasty. He was active during the Qianlong and Jiaqing eras of the Qing dynasty, and was classed as one of the "Three Great Masters of the Qianlong Era" () alo ...

(蒋士铨; 1725–1784) was a Chinese poet of the Qing dynasty. He was active *

Jiang Shen Jiang Shen (蔣伸) (799–881These dates are per a shorbiography for Jiang Shen on the Wuxi City Government Web site, which did not cite any sources.), courtesy name Dazhi (大直), formally the Duke of Le'an (樂安公),'' Edict Granting Milit ...

(蔣伸) (799–881), courtesy name Dazhi (大直), formally the Duke of Le'an (樂安公), was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang dynasty, serving as * Jiang Guangnai (蒋光鼐; 1888 – 1967) *

Jiang Baili Jiang Fangzhen (13 October 1882 – 4 November 1938), courtesy name Baili and art name Danning, better known as Jiang Baili, was a Chinese military writer, strategist, trainer and army general of the Republic of China. Life and career under th ...

Jiang Shusheng Jiang Shusheng (; born April 1940 in Wuxi, Jiangsu) is a Chinese physicist and politician. He served as President of Nanjing University from 1997 to 2006. He was, from 2005 to 2012, chairman of the China Democratic League, a legally recognized no ...

(蒋树声; traditional Chinese: 蔣樹聲; pinyin: Jiǎng Shùshēng; born April 1940 in Wuxi, Jiangsu) is a Chinese physicist and *

Jiang Tingting Jiang Tingting (; born 25 September 1986 in Chengdu, Sichuan Sichuan (; zh, c=, labels=no, ; zh, p=Sìchuān; alternatively romanized as Szechuan or Szechwan; formerly also referred to as "West China" or "Western China" by Protestan ...

(蒋婷婷; born 1986 in Chengdu, Sichuan) is a Chinese synchronized swimmer * Jiang Kewei (蒋珂玮; born 1989) is a Chinese former footballer. * Jiang Gaoming (蒋高明) is a professor and Ph.D. tutor at the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ *

Jiang Jing (Water Margin) Jiang Jing is a fictional character in ''Water Margin'', one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature. Nicknamed "Divine Mathematician," he ranks 53rd among the 108 Stars of Destiny and 17th among the 72 Earthly Fiends. Backgro ...

, fictional character in Water Margin, one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature. Nicknamed "Divine Mathematician," he ranks 53rd among the

108 Stars of Destiny The 108 Heroes are the main characters of the Ming dynasty classic Chinese novel the ''Water Margin'', which was written in the 14th century and usually attributed to Shi Nai'an. The heroes are divided into the 36 Heavenly Spirits and 72 Earthly F ...

and 17th among the 72 Earthly Fiends. *

Jiang Shuo Jiang Shuo (; born 1958 in Beijing, China) is a Chinese contemporary sculptor. Biography Jiang Shuo was born in 1958 in Beijing, China. She studied sculpture at the Central Academy of Arts and Design, now the Academy of Fine Arts, Tsinghua Un ...

(Chinese: 蔣朔; pinyin: Jiáng Shuò) (born 1958, Beijing, China) is a Chinese contemporary sculptor. Jiang Shuo was born in 1958 in Beijing, China * Jiang Wenwen (synchronized swimmer) (simplified Chinese: 蒋文文; traditional Chinese: 蔣文文; pinyin: Jiǎng Wénwén; born 25 September 1986 in Chengdu, Sichuan) is a Chinese synchronized * Ai Qing; born Jiǎng Zhènghán (Chinese: 蒋正涵; pinyin: Jiǎng Zhènghán) and styled Jiǎng Hǎichéng (Chinese: 蒋海澄; pinyin: Jiǎng Hǎichéng); March 27, *

Jiang Yefei Jiang Yefei (; born 22 February 1967) is a Chinese fencer. He competed in the team sabre event at the 1992 Summer Olympics The 1992 Summer Olympics ( es, Juegos Olímpicos de Verano de 1992, ca, Jocs Olímpics d'estiu de 1992), officiall ...

(Chinese: 蔣葉菲; born 22 February 1967) is a Chinese fencer. He competed in the team sabre event at the 1992 Summer Olympics. "Jiang Yefei * Jiang Liang (simplified Chinese: 蒋亮; traditional Chinese: 蔣亮; pinyin: Jiǎng Liàng; born 4 November 1989) is a Chinese footballer * Jiang Zilong (simplified Chinese: 蒋子龙; traditional Chinese: 蔣子龍; pinyin: Jiǎng Zilóng; born August 1941) is a Chinese author of fiction and essays *

Jiang Fucong Chiang Fu-tsung (; 12 November 1898 – 21 September 1990), courtesy name Weitang, was a Chinese educator and politician of the Republic of China. Life Chiang was born in a Catholic family in Haining City, Haining, Zhejiang, China, towards the ...

(12 November 1898 - 21 September 1990), courtesy name Weitang, was a Chinese educator and politician of the Republic of China. Jiang was * Jiang Ping (character), courtesy name Zechang, is a fictional Song dynasty knight-errant from the 19th-century Chinese novels ''The Seven Heroes and Five Gallants'' *

Qiao Shi Qiao Shi (24 December 1924 – 14 June 2015) was a Chinese politician and one of the top leaders of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). He was a member of the party's top decision-making body, the Politburo Standing Committee, from 1987 to 1997. ...

born Jiang Zhitong (蔣志彤; Jiǎng Zhìtóng) in 1924 in Shanghai, ancestry Dinghai, Chinese politician and one of the top leaders of the Communist Party of China * Jiang Xin (badminton) (Chinese: 蔣欣; born 18 January 1969) is a Chinese former badminton player who later move to Australia and run a badminton school in Melbourne * Jiang Guang-nan (born 30 July 1948) is a former Taiwanese cyclist. He competed in team time trial at the 1968 Summer Olympics. "Jiang Guang-Nan Olympic * Chiang Yee (simplified Chinese: 蒋彝; traditional Chinese: 蔣彝; pinyin: Jiǎng Yí; Wade–Giles: Chiang I; 19 May 1903 – 26 October 1977), self-styled as "The *

Chiang Hsiao-wu Chiang Hsiao-wu (; also known as Alex Chiang; April 25, 1945 - July 1, 1991) was the second son of Chiang Ching-kuo, the President of the Republic of China in Taiwan from 1978 to 1988. His mother is Faina Ipatyevna Vakhreva, also known as Chiang F ...

(traditional Chinese: 蔣孝武; simplified Chinese: 蒋孝武; pinyin: Jiǎng Xiàowǔ; also known as Alex Chiang; April 25, 1945 - July 1, 1991) was * Jiang Yiyuan (Chinese: 蒋亦元; 1928 - 2020) was a Chinese agricultural engineer and academician of the Chinese * Jiang Hongde (Chinese: 蒋洪德; 4 July 1942 – 4 January 2020) was a Chinese engineer and professor at Tsinghua University. Jiang was born in Hengyang, Hunan * Jiang Xuemo (Chinese: 蒋学模; 24 March 1918 – 18 July 2008) was a Chinese economist, translator and professor at Fudan University. During his 70-year academic *

Chiang Chung-ling Chiang Chung-ling (; 21 September 1922 – 18 March 2015) was a Taiwanese army general, former Minister of Defense and Vice Chairman of the Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party). As Minister of Defense, he called for the use of Sky Horse miss ...

(Chinese: 蔣仲苓; pinyin: Jiǎng Zhònglíng, September 21, 1922 – March 18, 2015) was a Taiwanese army general, former Minister of Defense *

Sho-Chieh Tsiang Sho-Chieh Tsiang (; August 25, 1918 – October 21, 1993) was a Chinese-American economist. He was born in China but resided primarily in the United States from 1949 until his death. He also resided in Taiwan in 1948 and in the 1980s. He was th ...

(traditional Chinese: 蔣碩傑; simplified Chinese: 蒋硕杰; pinyin: Jiǎng Shuòjié; August 25, 1918 – October 21, 1993) was a Chinese-American * Jiang Bo (figure skater) (蒋博; traditional Chinese: 蔣博; pinyin: Jiǎng Bó; born in Qiqihar) is a Chinese male pair skater. He skates with partner Li *

Chiang Hsiao-wen Chiang Hsiao-wen (; also known as Alan Chiang; 14 December 1935 – 14 April 1989) was the eldest son of Chiang Ching-kuo, the President of the Republic of China in Taiwan from 1978 to 1988. His mother is Faina Ipatyevna Vakhreva, also known a ...

(Chinese: 蔣孝文; also known as Alan Chiang; 14 December 1935 – 14 April 1989) was the eldest son of Chiang Ching-kuo, the President of ROC *

1990 Guangzhou Baiyun airport collisions On 2 October 1990, a hijacked Boeing 737, operating Xiamen Airlines Flight 8301, collided with two other aircraft on the runways of the old Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport, while attempting to land. The hijacked aircraft struck parked Chi ...

hijacker Jiang Xiaofeng (simplified Chinese: 蒋晓峰; traditional Chinese: 蔣曉峰; pinyin: Jiăng Xiăofēng), born 11 August 1969 in Linli * Chiang Wei-ling (Chinese: 蔣偉寧; pinyin: Jiǎng Wěiníng; born 2 September 1957) is an educator in the Republic of China. He was the Minister of the Ministry *" Jiang Xingge Reencounters His Pearl Shirt" (蔣興哥重會珍珠衫), also translated as "The Pearl-sewn Shirt" or "The Pearl Shirt Reencountered", is a Chinese novella *

Ram Chiang Ram Chiang Chi-kwong (born 2 July 1961), Although TVB's website lists his birthday as July 1 Ram Chiang has gone on record saying that date is wron is a Hong Kong people, Hong Kong actor and former singer-composer, currently under Television Bro ...

(Chinese: 蔣渭水; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Chiúⁿ Ūi-súi; 6 August 1890 – 5 August 1931) was a Taiwanese physician and activist. He was a founding member *

Chiang Nai-shin Chiang Nai-shin (; born 24 September 1948) is a Taiwanese politician. He served in the Taipei City Council from 1982 to 2009, when he was elected to the Legislative Yuan. Education Chiang attended Tatung University, where he earned a master's ...

(Chinese: 蔣乃辛; born 24 September 1948) is a Taiwanese politician. He served in the Taipei City Council from 1982 to 2009, when he was

References

{{Surname Chinese-language surnames Individual Chinese surnames