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Jiroft ( fa, جیرفت, also
Romanize Romanization or romanisation, in linguistics, is the conversion of text from a different writing system to the Roman (Latin) script, or a system for doing so. Methods of romanization include transliteration, for representing written text, and ...
d as Jīroft; formerly, Sabzāwārān, Sabzevārān, Sabzevārān-e Jiroft, and Sabzvārān) is a city and capital of
Jiroft County Jiroft County ( fa, شهرستان جيرفت, ''Ŝahrestāne Jiroft'') is in Kerman province, Iran. The capital of the county is the city of Jiroft. At the 2006 census, the county's population was 181,300 in 38,307 households. The following cen ...
, Kerman Province,
Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...
. At the 2006 census, its population was 95,031, in 19,926 families. It is located south of the city of
Kerman Kerman ( fa, كرمان, Kermân ; also romanization of Persian, romanized as Kermun and Karmana), known in ancient times as the satrapy of Carmania, is the capital city of Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2011 census, its population was 821,394, in ...
, and south of
Tehran Tehran (; fa, تهران ) is the largest city in Tehran Province and the capital of Iran. With a population of around 9 million in the city and around 16 million in the larger metropolitan area of Greater Tehran, Tehran is the most popul ...
along Road 91. In the past it was also called Sabzevaran, and on account of its being very fertile land it is famous as Hend-e-Koochak (the little India).The civilization found in Jiroft is one of the oldest human civilizations (according to some, the oldest) and the manuscripts obtained from this civilization are before the cuneiform discovered in Mesopotamia. Jiroft is located in a vast plain,
Halil River Halīl River or HalīlRood (also ''Haliri River'', known as the ''Kharaw'' or ''ZarDasht River'' in its upper reaches) is a river stretching for some running in the Baft, Jiroft and Kahnuj districts of Kerman Province, Iran. The Halil rises a ...
, on the southern outskirts of the
Jebal Barez The Jebal Barez is a mountain chain in the Kerman Province of Iran. This mountain range stretches for some 100 km north-west to south-east, parallel to the Halil Rud, to the north-east of Jiroft and to the south-west of Bam, rising to a maxi ...
mountain chain, surrounded by two rivers. The mean elevation of the city is about above sea level. The weather of the city is sweltering in summer – it is one of the hottest places in Iran – but temperatures are moderate in winter. There is a large dam (
Jiroft Dam Jiroft Dam is a hydroelectric dam in Iran with an installed electricity generating capability of 85 MWh situated in Kerman Province. The fifth concrete dam built in the country, it was begun in 1975 and completed in 1992 (6 Daymah 1370 in Persian ...
) upstream the city (40 km North-East of Jiroft) on the
Halil River Halīl River or HalīlRood (also ''Haliri River'', known as the ''Kharaw'' or ''ZarDasht River'' in its upper reaches) is a river stretching for some running in the Baft, Jiroft and Kahnuj districts of Kerman Province, Iran. The Halil rises a ...
(Halilrood). It is under operation since 1992. Having a reservoir of more than 410 million cubic meters of water, irrigates 14200 hectares of the downstream and generates electricity. The city is served by
Jiroft Airport Jiroft Airport is an airport in Jiroft Jiroft ( fa, جیرفت, also Romanized as Jīroft; formerly, Sabzāwārān, Sabzevārān, Sabzevārān-e Jiroft, and Sabzvārān) is a city and capital of Jiroft County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the ...
, located several kilometres to the northwest.


Jiroft culture

A "
Jiroft culture The Jiroft cultureOscar White MuscarellaJiroft(2008), in: Encyclopedia Iranica. "For archeological accuracy the terms "Jiroft" or "Jiroft culture" employed to define a specific ancient Iranian culture and its artifacts should only be cited within ...
" has been postulated as an
early Bronze Age The Bronze Age is a historic period, lasting approximately from 3300 BC to 1200 BC, characterized by the use of bronze, the presence of writing in some areas, and other early features of urban civilization. The Bronze Age is the second prin ...
(late third millennium BC)
archaeological culture An archaeological culture is a recurring assemblage of types of artifacts, buildings and monuments from a specific period and region that may constitute the material culture remains of a particular past human society. The connection between thes ...
, located in the territory of present-day
Sistan Sistān ( fa, سیستان), known in ancient times as Sakastān ( fa, سَكاستان, "the land of the Saka"), is a historical and geographical region in present-day Eastern Iran ( Sistan and Baluchestan Province) and Southern Afghanistan (N ...
and Kermān Provinces of
Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...
. The hypothesis is based on a collection of artifacts that were confiscated in
Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...
and accepted by many to have derived from the Jiroft area in south central Iran, reported by online Iranian news services, beginning in 2001. The proposed type site is
Konar Sandal Konar Sandal is a Bronze Age archaeological site, situated in the valley of the Halil River just south of Jiroft, Kermān Province, Iran. Description The site consists of two mounds a few kilometers apart, called Konar Sandal A and B with ...
, near Jiroft in the
Halil River Halīl River or HalīlRood (also ''Haliri River'', known as the ''Kharaw'' or ''ZarDasht River'' in its upper reaches) is a river stretching for some running in the Baft, Jiroft and Kahnuj districts of Kerman Province, Iran. The Halil rises a ...
area. Other significant sites associated with the culture include;
Shahr-e Sukhteh Shahr-e Sukhteh ( fa, شهر سوخته, meaning " heBurnt City"), c. 3200–2350 BCE, also spelled as ''Shahr-e Sūkhté'' and ''Shahr-i Sōkhta'', is an archaeological site of a sizable Bronze Age urban settlement, associated with the Helmand ...
(Burnt City), Tepe Bampur, Espiedej,
Shahdad Shahdad ( fa, شهداد, also Romanized as Shahdād; formerly, Khabīs) is a city and capital of Shahdad District, in Kerman County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 4,097, in 1,010 families. District Shahdad is t ...
, Tal-i-Iblis and
Tepe Yahya Tapeh Yahya () is an archaeological site in Kermān Province, Iran, some south of Kerman city, south of Baft city and 90 km south-west of Jiroft. History Habitation spans the 6th to 2nd millennia BCE and the 10th to 4th centuries BCE. ...
. The local language of Jiroft is Jirofti, also designated as Garmsiri. Garmsiri is a continuum of closely related dialects extending from the Halilrud river valley in the north down to the Strait of Hormuz in the south.


Recent finds

A report from Iran states that the
Halil Rud Halil Rud ( fa, هليل رود, also Romanized as Halīl Rūd; also known as Deh-e Halīl Rūd) is a village in Javaran Rural District, Hanza District, Rabor County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 238, in 50 fam ...
region near "Jiroft became famous between 2002/2003
hen news of Hen commonly refers to a female animal: a female chicken, other galliformes, gallinaceous bird, any type of bird in general, or a lobster. It is also a slang term for a woman. Hen or Hens may also refer to: Places Norway *Hen, Buskerud, a villa ...
thousands of confiscated burial goods, especially elaborated carved chlorite vessels from the necropolises of Halil Rud" were released to public. Since February 2003, archaeologists have recovered a wealth of artifacts from the necropolis which they had named Mahtoutabad. For example, one grave contained "animal bones and food offerings, ceramics, and stone and copper items ... ndicatinga coherent cultural and chronological framework, around 2400–2200 BC". Two nearby mounds were also excavated, named Konar Sandal South and North. A 2013 research paper about the South mound states that work during 2006 to 2009 "revealed the remains of three successive settlements dating to the fourth millennium BC". Excavation re-commenced in 2014 and revealed art works of "complexity and beauty" and artifacts that proved that the society had several writing systems. According to
National Geographic ''National Geographic'' (formerly the ''National Geographic Magazine'', sometimes branded as NAT GEO) is a popular American monthly magazine published by National Geographic Partners. Known for its photojournalism, it is one of the most widely ...
, the content of the mounds is significant:
They turned out to contain the remains of two major architectural complexes. The northern mound included a cult building, while in the southern one were the remains of a fortified citadel. At the foot of the mounds, buried under many feet of sediment, were the remains of smaller buildings. It’s believed that the two mounds had once formed part of a unified urban settlement that stretched many miles across the plateau ... rtifacts"have been dated to between 2500 and 2200 B.C. hey are said to be evidence ofthe "development of a complex civilization".


Gallery

File:شهر دقیانوس و تپه‌های کنار صندل.jpg, Ruins in
Jiroft County Jiroft County ( fa, شهرستان جيرفت, ''Ŝahrestāne Jiroft'') is in Kerman province, Iran. The capital of the county is the city of Jiroft. At the 2006 census, the county's population was 181,300 in 38,307 households. The following cen ...
. File:Jiroft.Iran.jpg, Jiroft Map File:Chlorite object Jiroft, Kerman ca. 2500 BCE, Bronze Age I, National Museum of Iran.jpg, Master of animals in
chlorite The chlorite ion, or chlorine dioxide anion, is the halite with the chemical formula of . A chlorite (compound) is a compound that contains this group, with chlorine in the oxidation state of +3. Chlorites are also known as salts of chlorous ac ...
, Jiroft, Kerman ca. 2500 BC, Bronze Age I,
National Museum of Iran The National Museum of Iran ( fa, موزهٔ ملی ایران ) is located in Tehran, Iran. It is an institution formed of two complexes; the Museum of Ancient Iran and the Museum of Islamic Archaeology and Art of Iran, which were opened in 1937 ...


See also

* Dalfard


References


External links


jiroft city website اطلاعات در مورد جیرفت

مستند تمدنی گم شده lost civilization documentary
with
Roger Matthews (archaeologist) Professor Roger Matthews (born 21 August 1954) is head of department in the department of archaeology at the University of Reading. Matthews was previously with the UCL Institute of Archaeology. From 1988 to 1995, Matthews was director of the Brit ...
on
YouTube YouTube is a global online video platform, online video sharing and social media, social media platform headquartered in San Bruno, California. It was launched on February 14, 2005, by Steve Chen, Chad Hurley, and Jawed Karim. It is owned by ...

Konar Sandal archaeological site 3000 BC
{{Jiroft County Populated places in Jiroft County Cities in Kerman Province Archaeological sites in Iran Jiroft culture