Jika-tabi

are a style of footwear with a divided toe, originating in Japan. They are similar to socks in both appearance and construction. Though they can be worn with traditional thonged footwear such as and , are mostly designed and made to be worn alone as outdoor footwear, resembling boots that reach roughly to the mid-calf. are also known as ' boots'.

History

File:Kutsu 1.JPG, Leather , Edo period (1603-1867), precursors to modern ''jika-tabi''
File:Honsei - Keisei Ura no Asagin - Walters 9583.jpg, Late-Edo print of a samurai wearing outdoor tabi
File:Weighing a Basket in Japan (1912 by Elstner Hilton).jpg, Farmworkers wearing outdoor , 1912
File:Marathon Tabi from Idaten.jpg, Early 20th century cloth-soled boots (reconstruction of 1912 marathon )
File:Showing Off His Catch on the river in Japan (1915 by Elstner Hilton).jpg, A fisherman wearing with sewn-on woven-straw soles, 1915

Japanese are usually understood today to be a kind of split-toed sock that is not meant to be worn alone outdoors, much like regular socks. However, were originally a kind of leather shoe made from a single animal hide, as evidenced by historical usage and the earlier form of the word, , spelled , with the kanji literally signifying "single hide".''Nihon Kokugo Daijiten'', entry for available onlin
here
(in Japanese)''Daijirin'', second edition, 1995''Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten'', fifth edition, 1997 As Japanese footwear evolved, also changed, with the split-toe design emerging towards the late Heian period to allow the wearer to accommodate the thong of straw sandals to reinforce the sole.'' Sekai Dai Hyakka Jiten'', second edition, entry available onlin
here
(in Japanese) Outdoor versions of involved some kind of reinforcement, as seen in the historical photographs above, with soles traditionally made of cloth, leather, or straw.

Brothers Tokujirō Ishibashi and Shōjirō Ishibashi, founders of the tyre company Bridgestone, are credited with the invention of rubber-soled in 1922.''Encyclopedia Nipponica'', entry available onlin
here
(in Japanese)''Encyclopædia Britannica International'', entry available onlin
here
(in Japanese)'' Mypedia'', entry available onlin
here
(in Japanese)'' Sekai Dai Hyakka Jiten'', second edition, entry available onlin
here
(in Japanese)

During the 1942 Battle of Milne Bay in Papua (now part of Papua New Guinea), the Allies of World War II faced the Japanese (Special Naval Landing Forces), who wore as part of their uniform. The distinctive tread marks left by the boots allowed Allied troops (mostly Australian troops with some American units) to follow the tracks, and thus Japanese soldiers, through the muddy forests. Examples of the boots worn by Japanese soldiers are held by the Australian War Memorial.WWII Japanese 'otherworldly' jika-tabi boots on display at Australian War Memorial
Louise Maher, ABC News Online, 2017-09-26

Use

File:庭師 (2676720132).jpg, A gardener wearing
File:Rickshawers by malias in Asakusa, Tokyo.jpg, Rickshaw drivers in Tokyo, 2007
File:Two-toed (4734956163).jpg, A construction worker wearing and trousers, 2008
File:New steel-toed tabi boots, home, Burbank, California, USA (29855620640).jpg, Steel-toed

are known as footwear commonly used by construction workers, farmers, gardeners, rickshaw-pullers and other labourers, due to the tough material and heavy-duty but flexible rubber soles they are made from.

Though they have faced competition by the introduction of steel-toe workboots in some industries, are still preferred by some due to the flexibility of the soles allowing the wearer a greater degree of grip than rigid-soled shoes allow. Other varieties of have been developed for specific labouring purposes, such as knee-high made entirely of rubber used by workers in rice fields and other wet and muddy environments.

In recent years, some manufacturers have introduced steel-toe and hard resin varieties of , which have been approved by the Japan Occupational Safety and Health Resource Center. These have some precedents in traditional ''kōgake'' ( with chainmail or plate armour).

Outside Japan, are available from online and martial-arts shops, and are used by practitioners of the martial art of , especially when training outdoors. are also commonly worn for certain kinds of exercise, specifically cross country running, walking, and climbing.

Though typically worn for manual labour and exercise, are also worn for comfort and as a casual shoe. A variation of known as is so called due to commonly being worn for festivals; this variety features extra cushioning in the sole for comfort.

In popular culture

In recent years, have been seen in Hollywood movie productions. Examples include '' The Wolverine'', ''47 Ronin'', '' Big Hero 6'', ''Star Trek'', '' Thor: The Dark World'' and ''Black Panther''. have also been seen in the short movie ''Anima'' from Thom Yorke (2019).

See also

*Tabi
*Waraji

References

External links

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jika-Tabi
Boots
Japanese footwear
Japanese inventions