Jerzy Władysław Kolendo (9 June 1933, Brześć, Poland – 28 February 2014,

Warsaw Warsaw ( pl, Warszawa, ), officially the Capital City of Warsaw,, abbreviation: ''m.st. Warszawa'' is the capital and largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the River Vistula in east-central Poland, and its population is officia ...

) was an acknowledged Polish authority on the history and archaeology of

Ancient Rome In modern historiography, ancient Rome refers to Roman civilisation from the founding of the city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD. It encompasses the Roman Kingdom (753–509 B ...

. He was an exponent of the French Annales school, an

epigraphist Epigraphy () is the study of inscriptions, or epigraphs, as writing; it is the science of identifying graphemes, clarifying their meanings, classifying their uses according to dates and cultural contexts, and drawing conclusions about the wr ...

and specialist in the relations between the

Barbaricum Barbaricum (from the gr, Βαρβαρικόν, "foreign", "barbarian") is a geographical name used by historical and archaeological experts to refer to the vast area of barbarian-occupied territory that lay, in Roman Empire, Roman times, beyond ...

and the early

Roman Empire The Roman Empire ( la, Imperium Romanum ; grc-gre, Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, Basileía tôn Rhōmaíōn) was the post-Republican period of ancient Rome. As a polity, it included large territorial holdings around the Mediterr ...

Life

He was the son of parents involved in education. His father died when he was young and the family moved from Brześć to

Białystok Białystok is the largest city in northeastern Poland and the capital of the Podlaskie Voivodeship. It is the tenth-largest city in Poland, second in terms of population density, and thirteenth in area. Białystok is located in the Białystok Up ...

where he spent his schooldays. While his desire was to become an archaeologist, he feared his lack of drawing ability would discount his chances of gaining a university place, so he opted to study

ancient history Ancient history is a time period from the beginning of writing and recorded human history to as far as late antiquity. The span of recorded history is roughly 5,000 years, beginning with the Sumerian cuneiform script. Ancient history cove ...

. Kolendo graduated from the

University of Warsaw The University of Warsaw ( pl, Uniwersytet Warszawski, la, Universitas Varsoviensis) is a public university in Warsaw, Poland. Established in 1816, it is the largest institution of higher learning in the country offering 37 different fields of ...

in 1955, going on to a masters and a

doctoral degree A doctorate (from Latin ''docere'', "to teach"), doctor's degree (from Latin ''doctor'', "teacher"), or doctoral degree is an academic degree awarded by universities and some other educational institutions, derived from the ancient formalism ''li ...

at Warsaw in 1960. He completed his

habilitation Habilitation is the highest university degree, or the procedure by which it is achieved, in many European countries. The candidate fulfills a university's set criteria of excellence in research, teaching and further education, usually including a ...

history History (derived ) is the systematic study and the documentation of the human activity. The time period of event before the History of writing#Inventions of writing, invention of writing systems is considered prehistory. "History" is an umbr ...

in 1968. He gained a professorship in 1979. The burden of his archaeological research was into the Ancient Mediterranean Basin and into questions of epigraphy. He was focussed on the economic and social interactions between ancient Rome and the Barbaricum, with particular reference to the territory which would later become known as

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populous ...

. Between 1955 and 1981 he was associated with and a member of the

Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences The Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences or Polish Academy of Learning ( pl, Polska Akademia Umiejętności), headquartered in Kraków and founded in 1872, is one of two institutions in contemporary Poland having the nature of an academy of scien ...

(PAN). Thereafter he was primarily involved in working with the Institute of Archaeology at

Warsaw University The University of Warsaw ( pl, Uniwersytet Warszawski, la, Universitas Varsoviensis) is a public university in Warsaw, Poland. Established in 1816, it is the largest institution of higher learning in the country offering 37 different fields of ...

Retirement

In 2003 he notionally retired but remained at the Archaeological Institute in the role of

Emeritus ''Emeritus'' (; female: ''emerita'') is an adjective used to designate a retired chair, professor, pastor, bishop, pope, director, president, prime minister, rabbi, emperor, or other person who has been "permitted to retain as an honorary title ...

at the Centre of Research into

Southeast Europe Southeast Europe or Southeastern Europe (SEE) is a geographical subregion of Europe, consisting primarily of the Balkans. Sovereign states and territories that are included in the region are Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia (al ...

ean antiquity. He lectured widely abroad, notably in

Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...

Lyon Lyon,, ; Occitan: ''Lion'', hist. ''Lionés'' also spelled in English as Lyons, is the third-largest city and second-largest metropolitan area of France. It is located at the confluence of the rivers Rhône and Saône, to the northwest of t ...

and in

Padua Padua ( ; it, Padova ; vec, Pàdova) is a city and ''comune'' in Veneto, northern Italy. Padua is on the river Bacchiglione, west of Venice. It is the capital of the province of Padua. It is also the economic and communications hub of the ...

. He remained a member of various institutes such as, ''Towarzystwo Naukowe Warszawskie'', correspondent of the

Polska Akademia Umiejętności The Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences or Polish Academy of Learning ( pl, Polska Akademia Umiejętności), headquartered in Kraków and founded in 1872, is one of two institutions in contemporary Poland having the nature of an academy of scien ...

and honorary member of the ''Komitet Nauk o Kulturze Antycznej''

Polska Akademia Nauk The Polish Academy of Sciences ( pl, Polska Akademia Nauk, PAN) is a Polish state-sponsored institution of higher learning. Headquartered in Warsaw, it is responsible for spearheading the development of science across the country by a society of ...

. He continued writing for scientific journals, including, ''Archeologia'', ''Meander'', ''Dialogues d'histoire ancienne'' and ''Palamedes. A Journal of Ancient History''. Jerzy Kolendo was buried at

Służew New Cemetery The Służew New Cemetery ( pl, Nowy cmentarz na Służewie) is a Roman Catholic cemetery in Warsaw's Mokotów district, Poland. The cemetery is located at Wałbrzyska Street. The cemetery was established in 1900. From 30 June to 10 July 2014, t ...

Legacy

After

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

, thanks to academic exchanges, Kolendo and his friend, Bronisław Geremek, were greatly influenced by

Fernand Braudel Fernand Braudel (; 24 August 1902 – 27 November 1985) was a French historian and leader of the Annales School. His scholarship focused on three main projects: ''The Mediterranean'' (1923–49, then 1949–66), ''Civilization and Capitalism'' ...

and the French ''l'École des Annales''. Kolendo's work has widened understanding of Roman influence in the ancient world, of

Roman Gaul Roman Gaul refers to GaulThe territory of Gaul roughly corresponds to modern-day France, Belgium and Luxembourg, and adjacient parts of the Netherlands, Switzerland and Germany. under provincial rule in the Roman Empire from the 1st century ...

, the

Roman army The Roman army (Latin: ) was the armed forces deployed by the Romans throughout the duration of Ancient Rome, from the Roman Kingdom (c. 500 BC) to the Roman Republic (500–31 BC) and the Roman Empire (31 BC–395 AD), and its medieval contin ...

, of emperor

Nero Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ( ; born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus; 15 December AD 37 – 9 June AD 68), was the fifth Roman emperor and final emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, reigning from AD 54 un ...

, the references in

Tacitus Publius Cornelius Tacitus, known simply as Tacitus ( , ; – ), was a Roman historian and politician. Tacitus is widely regarded as one of the greatest Roman historiography, Roman historians by modern scholars. The surviving portions of his t ...

' writings and of Rome's

foreign relations A state's foreign policy or external policy (as opposed to internal or domestic policy) is its objectives and activities in relation to its interactions with other states, unions, and other political entities, whether bilaterally or through mu ...

. His work on the Colonat partiaire in

North Africa North Africa, or Northern Africa is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region, and it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Mauritania in ...

demonstrates the extent to which it was Rome's granary. His work also highlighted the nature of

Slavery in ancient Rome Slavery in ancient Rome played an important role in society and the economy. Besides manual labour, slaves performed many domestic services and might be employed at highly skilled jobs and professions. Accountants and physicians were often slaves ...

. He reasoned that

Roman Italy Roman Italy (called in both the Latin and Italian languages referring to the Italian Peninsula) was the homeland of the ancient Romans and of the Roman empire. According to Roman mythology, Italy was the ancestral home promised by Jupiter to A ...

reached a plateau in its agricultural technology, a subject he developed in a monograph published in Italian. This led the eminent French historian Louis Robert to quip that the only people to know about the reasons behind the poor revenues from Roman agricultural estates were Koushchin from

Moscow Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...

and Kolendo from

. Kolendo was esteemed for his teaching: he supervised over forty masters and doctoral theses, among them, the Spaniard Fernando López Pardo, a North African specialist.

Distinctions

* Visiting Professor

University of Padua The University of Padua ( it, Università degli Studi di Padova, UNIPD) is an Italian university located in the city of Padua, region of Veneto, northern Italy. The University of Padua was founded in 1222 by a group of students and teachers from B ...

1983-1986 * Visiting Professor University of Strasbourg II 1988 * Visiting Professor

Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne University University of Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (french: Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, links=yes), also known as Paris 1 or Panthéon-Sorbonne University, is a public research university located in Paris, France. It was created in 1971 from ...

1993-1994 * Special Prize from the Polish Polish Council of Ministers 2004 Recognizing his scholarly accomplishments, president

Bronisław Komorowski Bronisław Maria Komorowski (; born 4 June 1952) is a Polish politician and historian who served as President of Poland from 2010 to 2015. Komorowski served as Minister of Defence from 2000 to 2001. As Marshal of the Sejm, Komorowski exercised ...

presented Kolendo with the Commander's Cross of the

Order of Polonia Restituta The Order of Polonia Restituta ( pl, Order Odrodzenia Polski, en, Order of Restored Poland) is a Polish state decoration, state Order (decoration), order established 4 February 1921. It is conferred on both military and civilians as well as on al ...

in 2011.

Memorial

A volume in memory of Professor Kolendo was published by the University of Warsaw. It has 30 contributors from the fields of archaeology, history and epigraphy. in Polish, English and German.

Selected publications

He is the author of over 600 articles, books and

monograph A monograph is a specialist work of writing (in contrast to reference works) or exhibition on a single subject or an aspect of a subject, often by a single author or artist, and usually on a scholarly subject. In library cataloging, ''monograph ...

s. * ''Kolonat w Afryce rzymskiej w I–II wieku i jego geneza'', Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe 1962 (thèse de doctorat). * ''Postęp techniczny a problem siły roboczej w rolnictwie starożytnej Italii'', Wrocław: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich Wydawnictwo PAN 1968. * ''Le traité d'agronomie des Saserna'', trad. par Janina Kasińska, Wrocław: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich 1973. * ''Centres et péripheries de la civilisation antique en Afrique du Nord, phénomène urbain'' (avec Tadeusz Kotula), San Francisco 1975. * ''Le colonat en Afrique sous le Haut-Empire'', Paris:

Les Belles Lettres Les Belles Lettres is a French publisher specialising in the publication of ancient texts such as the '' Collection Budé''. The publishing house, originally named ''Société Les Belles Lettres pour le développement de la culture classique'', ...

1976. * ''Inscriptions grecques et latines de Novae, Mésie inférieure.'' Bordeaux: Ausonius. 1977. * ''Actes du colloque sur l'esclavage, Nieborów 2–6 XII 1975'', réd. par Iza Bieżuńska-Małowist et Jerzy Kolendo, Varsovie: Éditions UW 1979. * ''Deux amphithéâtres dans une seule ville. Le cas d’Aquincum et de Carnuntum.'' in: ''Archeologia. Rocznik Instytutu archeologii i etnologii Polskiej akademii nauk.'' vol. 30, 1979, pp. 39–55. * ''À la recherche de l'ambre baltique l'expédition d'un chevalier romain sous Néron'', Varsovie: Éditions Uniwersytet Warszawski 1981. * ''Trigarium, lieu d’entraînement des auriges et des chevaux à Rome et à Thevestes.'' in: ''Archeologia. Rocznik Instytutu archeologii i etnologii Polskiej Akademii Nauk'', vol. 35, 1984, pp. 27–32. * ''Roman acquaintance with the south-east Baltic coast. The Karbones of Ptolemy.'' dans:

Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde ''Germanische Altertumskunde Online'', formerly called ''Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde'', is a German encyclopedia of the study of Germanic history and cultures, as well as the cultures that were in close contact with them. The first ...

Barbaricum 2 (1992) pp. 186–90. * ''Les recherches sur l'antiquité: menées par des Polonais en France au XIXe s.'', trad. Katarzyna Bartkiewicz, Warszawa: Upowszechnianie Nauki – Oświata „UN-O” 1997. * ''Świat antyczny i barbarzyńcy: teksty, zabytki, refleksja nad przeszłością'', t 1–2, Warszawa: IA UW 1998. * ''Kolekcje numizmatyczne rodziny Lelewelów.'' in: ''Wiadomości Numizmatyczne.'' vol. 45, No. 1, 2001, , p. 45–60, (The

numismatic Numismatics is the study or collection of currency, including coins, tokens, paper money, medals and related objects. Specialists, known as numismatists, are often characterized as students or collectors of coins, but the discipline also includ ...

collection of the Lelewel family). * ''Teksty i pomniki: zarys epigrafiki łacińskiej okresu Cesarstwa Rzymskiego'' (with Jerzy Żelazowski), Warszawa: OBA Novae 2003. * ''Antyczne korzenie koncepcji autochtonizmu i migracjonizmu'', Poznań: Wydawnictwo Contact 2007. * ''Antiquarian studies in Poland from the sixteenth to the twentieth century'', Warszawa: Instytut Badań Interdyscyplinarnych „Artes Liberales” UW, Kraków: Wydział Filologiczny Polskiej Akademii Umiejętności 2011.

Collected works

*. * ''Dzieje archeologii na Uniwersytecie Warszawskim'', praca zbiorowa pod red. nauk. Stefana Karola Kozłowskiego i Jerzego Kolendo, Varsovie: Éditions Uniwersytet Warszawski 1993. * ''Arcadiana: Arcadia in Poland: an 18th century antique garden and its famous sculptures'', by Anna Jaskulska-Tschierse, Jerzy Kolendo, Tomasz Mikocki, ed. Tomasz Mikocki, Warsaw: Institute of Archeology Warsaw University 1998. * ''Nowe znaleziska importów rzymskich z ziem Polski. 1 '', pod red. Jerzego Kolendo, przy współpr. Jacka Andrzejowskiego, Aleksandra Bursche i Wojciecha Nowakowskiego, Warszawa: IA UW 1998. * ''Nowe znaleziska importów rzymskich z ziem Polski. 2 '', pod red. Jerzego Kolendo i Aleksandra Bursche, przy współpr. Borysa Paszkiewicza, Warszawa: IA UW 2001. * ''A companion to the study of Novae: history of research, Novae in ancient sources, historical studies, geography, topography, and cartography, bibliography 1726–2008'', ed. by Tomasz Derda, Piotr Dyczek, and Jerzy Kolendo with contributions by Renata Ciołek, Warszawa: Center for Research on the Antiquity of Southeastern Europe. University of Warsaw 2008.

References

External links

*
Details of 2019 publication in memory of Professor Kolendo
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kolendo, Jerzy 1933 births 2014 deaths 20th-century Polish archaeologists 20th-century Polish historians Commanders of the Order of Polonia Restituta Epigraphers Exophonic writers Historians of ancient Rome Historians of antiquity Latin epigraphers Writers from Brest, Belarus Polish classical scholars Polish male non-fiction writers Members of the Polish Academy of Sciences Members of the Polish Academy of Learning University of Warsaw alumni Academic staff of the University of Warsaw Academic staff of the University of Padua Academic staff of Pantheon-Sorbonne University Critical theorists Theorists on Western civilization