The Jerrahi Order or Jerrahiyya ( tr, Cerrahiyye, Cerrahilik) is a

Sufi Sufism ( ar, ''aṣ-ṣūfiyya''), also known as Tasawwuf ( ''at-taṣawwuf''), is a mystic body of religious practice, found mainly within Sunni Islam but also within Shia Islam, which is characterized by a focus on Islamic spirituality, ...

order Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to: * Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood * Heterarchy, a system of organization wherein the elements have the potential to be ranked a number of d ...

that originated in 18th century

Constantinople la, Constantinopolis ota, قسطنطينيه , alternate_name = Byzantion (earlier Greek name), Nova Roma ("New Rome"), Miklagard/Miklagarth (Old Norse), Tsargrad ( Slavic), Qustantiniya (Arabic), Basileuousa ("Queen of Cities"), Megalopolis (" ...

and descended from the charismatic

Halveti Order The Khalwati order (also known as Khalwatiyya, Khalwatiya, or Halveti, as it is known in Turkey) is an Islamic Sufi brotherhood (''tariqa''). Along with the Naqshbandi, Qadiri, and Shadhili orders, it is among the most famous Sufi orders. The o ...

of 14th century

Persia Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

. Their founding

saint In religious belief, a saint is a person who is recognized as having an exceptional degree of Q-D-Š, holiness, likeness, or closeness to God. However, the use of the term ''saint'' depends on the context and Christian denomination, denominat ...

i
Hazreti Pîr Muhammad Nureddin al-Jerrahi
(1678-1720), who lived in the Ottoman capitol and is

enshrined A shrine ( la, scrinium "case or chest for books or papers"; Old French: ''escrin'' "box or case") is a sacred or holy space dedicated to a specific deity, ancestor, hero, martyr, saint, daemon, or similar figure of respect, wherein they ar ...

at the site of his tekke in

Fatih Fatih () is a district of and a municipality (''belediye'') in Istanbul, Turkey, and home to almost all of the provincial authorities (including the governor's office, police headquarters, metropolitan municipality and tax office) but not the co ...

Istanbul Istanbul ( , ; tr, İstanbul ), formerly known as Constantinople ( grc-gre, Κωνσταντινούπολις; la, Constantinopolis), is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, serving as the country's economic, ...

. By some accounts, Pir Nureddin was a direct descendant of

Prophet Muhammad Muhammad ( ar, مُحَمَّد; 570 – 8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam. According to Islamic doctrine, he was a prophet divinely inspired to preach and confirm the monoth ...

both from his mother and father. The

path A path is a route for physical travel – see Trail. Path or PATH may also refer to: Physical paths of different types * Bicycle path * Bridle path, used by people on horseback * Course (navigation), the intended path of a vehicle * Desire p ...

he founded is dedicated to the teachings and traditions through an unbroken chain of spiritual transmission ( silsilah) that goes directly back to the Prophet Muhammad and his Companions. During the late Ottoman period, the Order was widespread throughout the

Balkans The Balkans ( ), also known as the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions. The region takes its name from the Balkan Mountains that stretch throughout the who ...

, particularly

Macedonia Macedonia most commonly refers to: * North Macedonia, a country in southeastern Europe, known until 2019 as the Republic of Macedonia * Macedonia (ancient kingdom), a kingdom in Greek antiquity * Macedonia (Greece), a traditional geographic reg ...

and southern

Greece Greece,, or , romanized: ', officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the southern tip of the Balkans, and is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Greece shares land borders with ...

( Morea). The Jerrahi Order of Dervishes is a cultural, educational, and social relief organization with members from diverse professional, ethnic, and national backgrounds. jerrahi

The historic seat of the Halveti-Jerrahi Order is their Sufi lodge ( tekke) and shrine ( dargah) in Karagümrük, Istanbul. There are circles throughout

Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...

and branches in some

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...

an countries,

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...

South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring countri ...

South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the southe ...

and

North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Car ...

, including

Los Angeles Los Angeles ( ; es, Los Ángeles, link=no , ), often referred to by its initials L.A., is the largest city in the state of California and the second most populous city in the United States after New York City, as well as one of the world' ...

New York New York most commonly refers to: * New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York * New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States New York may also refer to: Film and television * '' ...

Mexico Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...

San Francisco San Francisco (; Spanish language, Spanish for "Francis of Assisi, Saint Francis"), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the commercial, financial, and cultural center of Northern California. The city proper is the List of Ca ...

Toronto Toronto ( ; or ) is the capital city of the Canadian province of Ontario. With a recorded population of 2,794,356 in 2021, it is the most populous city in Canada and the fourth most populous city in North America. The city is the ancho ...

and

Chicago (''City in a Garden''); I Will , image_map = , map_caption = Interactive Map of Chicago , coordinates = , coordinates_footnotes = , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name ...

. Communities of the Jerrahi Order hold gatherings where the dervishes invoke remembrance ceremonies, practice sacred music, prepare and serve traditional cuisine,

meditate Meditation is a practice in which an individual uses a technique – such as mindfulness, or focusing the mind on a particular object, thought, or activity – to train attention and awareness, and achieve a mentally clear and emotionally calm ...

and pray together, and engage in discourses with their Sufi guides. The traditional branch of the Jerrahi Order of America is in Chestnut Ridge,

Rockland County, New York Rockland County is the southernmost county on the west side of the Hudson River in the U.S. state of New York. It is part of the New York metropolitan area. It is about from the Bronx at their closest points. The county's population, as of t ...

with a congregation of mixed immigrant and local convert backgrounds.

History

The Jerrahi

way Way may refer to: Paths * a road, route, path or pathway, including long-distance paths. * a straight rail or track on a machine tool, (such as that on the bed of a lathe) on which part of the machine slides * Ways, large slipway in shipbuildin ...

branched off from the

, established by the

Persian Persian may refer to: * People and things from Iran, historically called ''Persia'' in the English language ** Persians, the majority ethnic group in Iran, not to be conflated with the Iranic peoples ** Persian language, an Iranian language of the ...

Umar Khalwati, who died in

Tabriz Tabriz ( fa, تبریز ; ) is a city in northwestern Iran, serving as the capital of East Azerbaijan Province. It is the List of largest cities of Iran, sixth-most-populous city in Iran. In the Quri Chay, Quru River valley in Iran's historic Aze ...

in 800 AH/1397 CE. The Halveti consider themselves heirs to the teachings of Junayd of Baghdad and usually have supported and followed the perspective of

Ibn Arabi Ibn ʿArabī ( ar, ابن عربي, ; full name: , ; 1165–1240), nicknamed al-Qushayrī (, ) and Sulṭān al-ʿĀrifīn (, , 'Sultan of the Knowers'), was an Arab Andalusian Muslim scholar, mystic, poet, and philosopher, extremely influenti ...

, especially as concerns the doctrine of

wahdat al-wujud In Islamic philosophy, Sufi metaphysics is centered on the concept of ar, وحدة, waḥdah, unity, label=none or ar, توحيد, tawhid, label=none. Two main Sufi philosophies prevail on this topic. literally means "the Unity of Existence ...

. Historically, they have also had a pro- Shi'ite tendency. The members of the Halveti-Jerrahi Order point to the fact that Imam Ahmad ibn Uthman Sharnubi, the disciple and son-in-law of the ''

qutb Qutb, Qutub, Kutb, Kutub or Kotb ( ar, قطب), means 'axis', 'pivot' or 'pole'. Qutb can refer to celestial movements and be used as an astronomical term or a spiritual symbol. In Sufism, a Qutb is the perfect human being, ''al-Insān al-Kām ...

Ibrahim al-Desuqi {{Sunni Islam, Sunni Orders of Mysticism Ibrahim bin Abdul-Aziz Abul-Majdi ( arz, إبراهيم بن عبد العزيز أبو المجد), better known as Shaykh al-Islam Ibrahim al-Desouki, was an Egyptian Imam and the founder of the Des ...

, wrote in the Tabaqat al-Alwiya (Ranks of the Saints) some three hundred years before the birth of

Pir Pir or PIR may refer to: Places * Pir, Kerman, a village in Kerman Province, Iran * Pir, Satu Mare, commune in Satu Mare County, Romania Religion * Pir (Alevism), one of the 12 ranks of Imam in Alevism * Pir (Sufism), a Sufi teacher or spiritu ...

Nureddin al-Jerrahi in 1089 AH/1678 CE: ''Sayyid Nur al-din Jarrahi will be from Istanbul and will appear in the year 1115 A.H. He will live forty-four years. One of his miracles will be that he will see his station in heaven while in this world, and will enter paradise directly upon his demise. The prayers of those who visit him and of those who pray in his presence will be accepted by God.'' Pir Nureddin would someday sign the book by this passage, which is currently in the Fatih Library in

(#3286). Through his father he was a descendent of

Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah ʿĀmir ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Jarrāḥ ( ar, عامر بن عبدالله بن الجراح; 583–639 CE), better known as Abū ʿUbayda ( ar, أبو عبيدة ) was a Muslim commander and one of the Companions of the Islamic prophet M ...

, one of the ten companions whose inclusion in paradise, according to tradition, was announced in this world by the Prophet

Muhammad Muhammad ( ar, مُحَمَّد; 570 – 8 June 632 Common Era, CE) was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam. According to Muhammad in Islam, Islamic doctrine, he was a prophet Divine inspiration, di ...

. At the age of nineteen he finished his study of

Sharia Sharia (; ar, شريعة, sharīʿa ) is a body of religious law that forms a part of the Islamic tradition. It is derived from the religious precepts of Islam and is based on the sacred scriptures of Islam, particularly the Quran and the H ...

with honors and

Sultan Mustafa II Mustafa II (; ota, مصطفى ثانى ''Muṣṭafā-yi sānī''; 6 February 1664 – 29 December 1703) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1695 to 1703. Early life He was born at Edirne Palace on 6 February 1664. He was the son of Sult ...

appointed him chief justice (

qadi A qāḍī ( ar, قاضي, Qāḍī; otherwise transliterated as qazi, cadi, kadi, or kazi) is the magistrate or judge of a '' sharīʿa'' court, who also exercises extrajudicial functions such as mediation, guardianship over orphans and mino ...

) of

Egypt Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediter ...

, which was then a province of the Ottoman realm. As he traveled through

on horseback, trailed by an entourage, in order to bid farewell to his family, he visited his maternal uncle, across from whose house was the dergah of the Jelveti-

of dervishes in

Üsküdar Üsküdar () is a large and densely populated district of Istanbul, Turkey, on the Anatolian shore of the Bosphorus. It is bordered to the north by Beykoz, to the east by Ümraniye, to the southeast by Ataşehir and to the south by Kadıköy; w ...

. His uncle took him to meet the

Sheikh Sheikh (pronounced or ; ar, شيخ ' , mostly pronounced , plural ' )—also transliterated sheekh, sheyikh, shaykh, shayk, shekh, shaik and Shaikh, shak—is an honorific title in the Arabic language. It commonly designates a chief of a ...

Ali Alaeddin al-Halveti Köstendili who knew his name before the introduction. During the zikr ceremony Nureddin experienced a state of

ecstasy Ecstasy may refer to: * Ecstasy (emotion), a trance or trance-like state in which a person transcends normal consciousness * Religious ecstasy, a state of consciousness, visions or absolute euphoria * Ecstasy (philosophy), to be or stand outside o ...

and immediately devoted himself to Sheikh Ali Alaeddin who ordered that he now put the

world In its most general sense, the term "world" refers to the totality of entities, to the whole of reality or to everything that is. The nature of the world has been conceptualized differently in different fields. Some conceptions see the worl ...

behind him. Nureddin, therefore, resigned from his honored post, dispersed his followers, and gave all his possessions to members of his family. He entered the spiritual retreat ( halvet), spending a period of forty days in seclusion and

fasting Fasting is the abstention from eating and sometimes drinking. From a purely physiological context, "fasting" may refer to the metabolic status of a person who has not eaten overnight (see " Breakfast"), or to the metabolic state achieved after ...

. For the next seven years he studied with his spiritual guide, until the age of twenty-six he himself was crowned a

. His now famous Sufi lodge (tekke) was an Ottoman structure inaugurated for him in the year 1115 AH/1704 CE by the then reigning

Sultan Sultan (; ar, سلطان ', ) is a position with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", derived from the verbal noun ', meaning "authority" or "power". Later, it ...

Ahmed III Ahmed III ( ota, احمد ثالث, ''Aḥmed-i sālis'') was Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and a son of Sultan Mehmed IV (r. 1648–1687). His mother was Gülnuş Sultan, originally named Evmania Voria, who was an ethnic Greek. He was born at H ...

and it still stands in the Karagümrük,

neighborhood of

today. In this year he received the secret Divine Names, the customs and ways (adab), and the

meditations ''Meditations'' () is a series of personal writings by Marcus Aurelius, Roman Emperor from AD 161 to 180, recording his private notes to himself and ideas on Stoic philosophy. Marcus Aurelius wrote the 12 books of the ''Meditations'' in Koine ...

and

invocations An invocation (from the Latin verb ''invocare'' "to call on, invoke, to give") may take the form of: *Supplication, prayer or spell. *A form of possession. *Command or conjuration. *Self-identification with certain spirits. These forms are d ...

unique to his order –the Wird-i Kabir-i Sabahiyyah (“the Great Morning Litany”) and the Wird-i Saghir-i Masaiyyah (“the Great Evening Litany”)– all through

divine inspiration Divine inspiration is the concept of a supernatural force, typically a deity, causing a person or people to experience a creative desire. It has been a commonly reported aspect of many religions, for thousands of years. Divine inspiration is ofte ...

. Initially the dergah of the Jerrahis in

attracted the aristocracy and administrators of the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...

, just as the Mevlevi Order at that time attracted intellectuals and artists, the

Bektashi Order The Bektashi Order; sq, Tarikati Bektashi; tr, Bektaşi or Bektashism is an Islamic Sufi mystic movement originating in the 13th-century. It is named after the Anatolian saint Haji Bektash Wali (d. 1271). The community is currently led by ...

drew the

military A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. It is typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with its members identifiable by their distinct ...

, and the Naqshbandi Order the

clergy Clergy are formal leaders within established religions. Their roles and functions vary in different religious traditions, but usually involve presiding over specific rituals and teaching their religion's doctrines and practices. Some of the ter ...

. Today people from all walks of life gather there for zikr. Indeed unique to the Jerrahis is their elaborate zikr, which originated as particular gifts given in recognition of Pir Nureddin’s station (maqaam). It is traditionally held that the blue

sheepskin Sheepskin is the Hide (skin), hide of a Domestic sheep, sheep, sometimes also called lambskin. Unlike common leather, sheepskin is Tanning (leather), tanned with the Wool, fleece intact, as in a Fur, pelt.Delbridge, Arthur, "The Macquarie Dictiona ...

upon which the Grand Sheikh of the dergah sits was a gift of Hazreti

Aziz Mahmud Hudayi Aziz Mahmud Hudayi (1541–1628), (b. Şereflikoçhisar, d. Üsküdar), is amongst the most famous Sufi Muslim saints of the Ottoman Empire. He was the third and last husband of Ayşe Hümaşah Sultan, granddaughter of Sultan Suleiman the Magnif ...

of the Jelveti-

. The part of the Sheikh’s turban that hangs on the left side of the taj was a gift from

Abdul Qadir Gilani ʿAbdul Qādir Gīlānī, ( ar, عبدالقادر الجيلاني, ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Jīlānī; fa, ) known by admirers as Muḥyī l-Dīn Abū Muḥammad b. Abū Sāliḥ ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Jīlānī al-Baḡdādī al-Ḥasanī al-Ḥusayn ...

Ahmad al-Rifaʽi Aḥmad ibn ʿAlī al-Rifāʿī ( ar, أَحْمَد ابْن عَلِي ٱلرِّفَاعِي) was a Sunni Muslim preacher, ascetic, mystic, jurist, and theologian, known for being the eponymous founder of the Rifaʽi tariqa (Sufi order) ...

sent the metal top of the banner and the

qiyam Qiyām ( ar, قيام, "orthostasis/standing") is an integral part of the Islamic salah. The prayer begins in the standing position and some prayers only require the ''qiyām'', such as Salat al-Janazah. In the Quran To "stand before God" is ...

zikr.

Majesty Majesty (abbreviated HM for His Majesty or Her Majesty, oral address Your Majesty; from the Latin ''maiestas'', meaning "greatness") is used as a manner of address by many monarchs, usually kings or queens. Where used, the style outranks the st ...

came from

and Beauty came from Ahmad al-Badawi, who also sent a secret zikr ritual known as the ''topu bedevi''. From the

Naqshbandi The Naqshbandi ( fa, نقشبندی)), Neqshebendi ( ku, نه‌قشه‌به‌ندی), and Nakşibendi (in Turkish) is a major Sunni order of Sufism. Its name is derived from Baha-ud-Din Naqshband Bukhari. Naqshbandi masters trace their ...

came the recitation of the

Qur’an The Quran (, ; Standard Arabic: , Quranic Arabic: , , 'the recitation'), also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation from God. It is organized in 114 chapters (pl.: , sing.: ...

during the zikr ceremony. Shamsuddin Siwasi sent the first chant sung in the zikr and Sheikh Wafa sent the invocations chanted during the final circumambulations. From Mevlânâ Rūmī came the Sultan Walad Walk during the Sema rite. And from Hazreti Sünbül Efendi came the

meditation Meditation is a practice in which an individual uses a technique – such as mindfulness, or focusing the mind on a particular object, thought, or activity – to train attention and awareness, and achieve a mentally clear and emotionally cal ...

on the

Divine Name The Tetragrammaton (; ), or Tetragram, is the four-letter Hebrew theonym (transliterated as YHWH), the name of God in the Hebrew Bible. The four letters, written and read from right to left (in Hebrew), are ''yodh'', '' he'', ''waw'', and '' ...

: Ya Hayy (O, Ever-Living and Eternal), which is repeated as part of the ''devren'' or circular movement in the zikr. Within the Jerrahi

tariqa A tariqa (or ''tariqah''; ar, طريقة ') is a school or order of Sufism, or specifically a concept for the mystical teaching and spiritual practices of such an order with the aim of seeking ''haqiqa'', which translates as "ultimate truth". ...

can be found essential elements of many different Sufi Orders. The Jerrahi zikr is evoked aloud and rhythmically, using

musical compositions Musical composition can refer to an original piece or work of music, either vocal or instrumental, the structure of a musical piece or to the process of creating or writing a new piece of music. People who create new compositions are called c ...

derived from various brotherhoods. Group singers stand aside the circle of dervishes along with musicians playing

bendir The ''bendir'' ( ar, بندير, plural ''banadir'', ) is a wooden-framed frame drum of North Africa and Southwest Asia. The bendir is a traditional instrument that is played throughout North Africa, as well as in Sufi ceremonies; it was played ...

and

kudüm ''Kudüm'' is one of the most fundamental rhythm instruments in classical Turkish music. The person playing it is called ''kudümzen''. It is grouped with the ney, rebap, and halile as one of the four main instruments in Mevlevi music. It consi ...

used for rhythm. In the zikr ceremony the dervishes kneel in a perfect

circle A circle is a shape consisting of all points in a plane that are at a given distance from a given point, the centre. Equivalently, it is the curve traced out by a point that moves in a plane so that its distance from a given point is const ...

reciting the sacred invocation of Divine Unity ( Lailahailla’Llah), followed by the sacred invocation of the Most Divine Name (

Allah Allah (; ar, الله, translit=Allāh, ) is the common Arabic word for God. In the English language, the word generally refers to God in Islam. The word is thought to be derived by contraction from '' al- ilāh'', which means "the god", an ...

), and then the sacred invocation of the Divine Essence (Hu). Between each cycle there is a

Quranic recitation In Islam, ''Qirāah'', (pl. ''Qirāāt''; ar, قراءات , lit= recitations or readings) are different linguistic, lexical, phonetic, morphological and syntactical forms permitted with reciting the holy book of Islam, the Quran. Diffe ...

and a supplication. The dervishes then arise and chant the sacred ballad, the initial ''ilahi'' given by Shamsuddin Siwasi. They continue with the repetition of Divine Essence (Hu) and the Divine Names. Each dervish is given certain

and Sacred Names, according to his or her place on their path in life. Since

Nureddin Jerrahi, twenty sheikhs have knelt upon the blessed blue sheepskin seat at the principal dergah in Karagümrük and followed Islamic principles in order to bind themselves to the Beloved. Nineteen of these sheikhs, along with Pir Nureddin and his family, are entombed in the dergah. The nineteenth, Hajji Sheikh Muzaffer Özak Âșkî al-Jerrahi, came to

America The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...

and

initiated Initiation is a rite of passage marking entrance or acceptance into a group or society. It could also be a formal admission to adulthood in a community or one of its formal components. In an extended sense, it can also signify a transformation ...

a branch of the order in the West. Sheikh Muzaffer’s greatest dream was to share with humanity the

secrets Secrecy is the practice of hiding information from certain individuals or groups who do not have the "need to know", perhaps while sharing it with other individuals. That which is kept hidden is known as the secret. Secrecy is often controvers ...

within the invocation of Divine Unity. He passed away into the realm of pre-eternity in Istanbul on 12 February 1985, his head bowed in

prayer Prayer is an invocation or act that seeks to activate a rapport with an object of worship through deliberate communication. In the narrow sense, the term refers to an act of supplication or intercession directed towards a deity or a deified a ...

, his lips and

heart The heart is a muscular organ in most animals. This organ pumps blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system. The pumped blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the body, while carrying metabolic waste such as carbon dioxide t ...

humming the invocation of Unity, ''Lailahailla’Llah'', one final time. Sheikh Muzaffer Ozak's most prominent disciples and successors in

were

Tosun Bayrak Sheikh Tosun Bayrak al-Jerrahi al-Halveti (January 21, 1926 – 15 February 2018) was an author, artist, translator and Sufi. He served as a government official in Ankara, Honorary Consul of Turkey in Morocco and was the Sheikh of the Jerrah ...

, Lex Hixon, and Philippa de Menil. Following Ozak's death, the

was split into the

Nur Ashki Jerrahi Sufi Order The Nur Ashki Jerrahi Sufi Order is a contemporary Sufi Order based in New York City and México City. It is a descendent of the 18th century Jerrahi Order of Istanbul and was founded in the early 1980s by American Sufis Nur al-Anwar al-Jerra ...

and the Jerrahi Order of America, with the former reflecting a more "universalistic" orientation, and the latter a more "traditional" one. Sheikh Muzaffer consciously fostered different interpretations of his teachings while also showing it was not his intention to have the Halveti-Jerrahi Order separated. Moreover, he grew to embrace the more adaptive interpretations of his message over the more conservative, yet still legitimate perspective of traditionalists. Sheikh Sefer Dal was Grand Sheikh of the Order from 1985 until his own death in 1999. Sheikh Ömer Tuğrul İnançer Efendi was Grand Sheikh of the Order between 1999 and 2022. According to

Gift of the Givers Gift of the Givers (founded as ''Waqful Waqifin'') is a South African non-governmental organisation and disaster relief group, and Africa's largest independent humanitarian organisation. It was established to offer disaster relief and response, ...

founder Imtiaz Sooliman, it was Sefer Dal, 20th Grand Sheikh of the Order, who advised him to establish the organization during a visit to Dal's Istanbul

lodge Lodge is originally a term for a relatively small building, often associated with a larger one. Lodge or The Lodge may refer to: Buildings and structures Specific * The Lodge (Australia), the official Canberra residence of the Prime Ministe ...

. During the

Bosnian War The Bosnian War ( sh, Rat u Bosni i Hercegovini / Рат у Босни и Херцеговини) was an international armed conflict that took place in Bosnia and Herzegovina between 1992 and 1995. The war is commonly seen as having started ...

, the Order's American branch worked with the Fellowship of Reconciliation to bring 160 Bosnian refugees to the US. Inancer was a speaker at the World Sufi Forum organized by the

All India Ulema and Mashaikh Board The All India Ulama & Mashaikh Board (AIUMB) has been established with the basic purpose of popularizing the message of peace of Islam and ensuring peace for the country and community and the humanity. AIUMB is striving to propagate Sunni Sufi ...

in 2016.Priyanka Mogul
World Sufi Forum 2016: What you need to know about Muslim event inaugurated by Narendra Modi

International Business Times The ''International Business Times'' is an American online news publication that publishes five national editions in four languages. The publication, sometimes called ''IBTimes'' or ''IBT'', offers news, opinion and editorial commentary on busi ...

, 17 March 2016. Accessed 1 November 2018.

References

{{reflist

External links

Halveti Jerrahi order of America

Halveti Jerrahi order in Mexico

Halveti Jerrahi order in Canada

Halveti Jerrahi order in Argentina, tekke of Orhan Baba. Murillo 686, Buenos Aires Tel: (5411) 48575336

Halveti Jerrahi order in Argentina

Halveti Jerrahi in Chicago

Halveti Jerrahi in Los Angeles

Halveti Jerrahi order in Italy

Halveti Jerrahi Order in Brazil

Nur Ashki Jerrahi Order in New York

Zawiya of the Tariqa Halveti-Cerrahi in Granada, Spain

First khalyfa Jerrahi in Italy (died 2010)

Interview with Sheikh Tosun Bayrak al-Jerrahi

Interview with Sheikh Ragip al-Jerrahi

Interviews with Rabbi David Edelman and Sheikh Tosun Bayrak al-Jerrahi

* ttps://web.archive.org/web/20060525002321/http://www.fonsvitae.com/irshad.html IRSHAD Wisdom of a Sufi Master By Sheikh Muzaffer Ozak Al-Jerrahi
Garden of Paradise - Sufi Ceremony of Remembrance - Music CD Sheikh Muzzafer Ozak and the Halveti-Jerrahi Order of Dervishes

Sufi orders Khalwati order

History

See also

References

External links