Jean-Jacques Manget (or Johann Jacob Mangetus) (1652–1742) was a

Geneva Geneva ( ; french: Genève ) frp, Genèva ; german: link=no, Genf ; it, Ginevra ; rm, Genevra is the List of cities in Switzerland, second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and the most populous city of Romandy, the French-speaki ...

n physician and writer. He was known for his work on epidemic diseases such as

bubonic plague Bubonic plague is one of three types of plague caused by the plague bacterium (''Yersinia pestis''). One to seven days after exposure to the bacteria, flu-like symptoms develop. These symptoms include fever, headaches, and vomiting, as well a ...

and

tuberculosis Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by '' Mycobacterium tuberculosis'' (MTB) bacteria. Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but it can also affect other parts of the body. Most infections show no symptoms, in ...

. In addition to his own researches, he assiduously compiled preceding medical literature. With

Théophile Bonet Theophilus is a male given name with a range of alternative spellings. Its origin is the Greek word Θεόφιλος from θεός (God) and φιλία (love or affection) can be translated as "Love of God" or "Friend of God", i.e., it is a theoph ...

, he is considered one of the "great compilers" of knowledge in the areas of

medicine Medicine is the science and practice of caring for a patient, managing the diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, treatment, palliation of their injury or disease, and promoting their health. Medicine encompasses a variety of health care pract ...

surgery Surgery ''cheirourgikē'' (composed of χείρ, "hand", and ἔργον, "work"), via la, chirurgiae, meaning "hand work". is a medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a person to investigate or treat a pat ...

and

pharmacology Pharmacology is a branch of medicine, biology and pharmaceutical sciences concerned with drug or medication action, where a drug may be defined as any artificial, natural, or endogenous (from within the body) molecule which exerts a biochemica ...

. He also published a major collection of alchemical works, the ''

Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa (Latin for “Curious Chemical Library”) is a collection of alchemical texts first published in Latin, in Geneva, 1702 by Chouet, edited by Jean-Jacques Manget. It is a two-volume work, each has more than 900 pages and contains 143 texts in ...

'' (1702).

Life

He was born in

, the son of a merchant. He graduated as a physician at the

University of Valence The University of Valence was founded 26 July 1452, by letters patent from the Dauphin Louis, afterwards Louis XI of France, in a move to develop the city of Valence, then part of his domain of Dauphiné. It existed until the French Revolution. ...

in 1678. Later he became the Dean of the Valence medical faculty.

Frederick III, Elector of Brandenburg Frederick I (german: Friedrich I.; 11 July 1657 – 25 February 1713), of the Hohenzollern dynasty, was (as Frederick III) Elector of Brandenburg (1688–1713) and Duke of Prussia in personal union (Brandenburg-Prussia). The latter function he ...

made Manget his personal physician in 1699.

Works

Manget was one of the first doctors to carry out studies of the pathological anatomy of

miliary tuberculosis To disseminate (from lat. ''disseminare'' "scattering seeds"), in the field of communication, is to broadcast a message to the public without direct feedback from the audience. Meaning Dissemination takes on the theory of the traditional view ...

. He coined the term based on his observation of widespread tiny lesions like

millet Millets () are a highly varied group of small-seeded grasses, widely grown around the world as cereal crops or grains for fodder and human food. Most species generally referred to as millets belong to the tribe Paniceae, but some millets al ...

seeds in the

liver The liver is a major Organ (anatomy), organ only found in vertebrates which performs many essential biological functions such as detoxification of the organism, and the Protein biosynthesis, synthesis of proteins and biochemicals necessary for ...

lungs The lungs are the primary organs of the respiratory system in humans and most other animals, including some snails and a small number of fish. In mammals and most other vertebrates, two lungs are located near the backbone on either side of th ...

spleen The spleen is an organ found in almost all vertebrates. Similar in structure to a large lymph node, it acts primarily as a blood filter. The word spleen comes .

, and

mesentery The mesentery is an organ that attaches the intestines to the posterior abdominal wall in humans and is formed by the double fold of peritoneum. It helps in storing fat and allowing blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves to supply the intestines ...

. He published ''Traité de la Peste'' (Geneva: Philippe Planche, 1721), a major treatise on the

, and was well known as a plague doctor. Manget reported that the exotic new drug

ipecac Syrup of ipecac (), or simply ipecac, is a drug that was once widely used as an expectorant (in low doses) and a rapid-acting emetic (in higher doses). It is obtained from the dried rhizome and roots of the ipecacuanha plant (''Carapichea ipecac ...

had been effectively used in the treatment of plague in

Marseille Marseille ( , , ; also spelled in English as Marseilles; oc, Marselha ) is the prefecture of the French department of Bouches-du-Rhône and capital of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. Situated in the camargue region of southern Franc ...

. He advised the adoption of draconian measures to ensure quarantine and prevent the transmission of plague. Such measures were reported to have been successful in

Silesia Silesia (, also , ) is a historical region of Central Europe that lies mostly within Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic and Germany. Its area is approximately , and the population is estimated at around 8,000,000. Silesia is split ...

. He published a large collection of

alchemical Alchemy (from Arabic: ''al-kīmiyā''; from Ancient Greek: χυμεία, ''khumeía'') is an ancient branch of natural philosophy, a philosophical and protoscientific tradition that was historically practiced in China, India, the Muslim world, ...

works, the ''

'' (1702). Many of the 170 works included were already rare.Se
The Alchemy Website, ''Bibliotheca chemica curiosa''
for a listing of the 143 works collected there. The named authors include Nathan Albineus (i.e. Nathan d'Aubigné), Arnoldus de Villa Nova,

Aristotle Aristotle (; grc-gre, Ἀριστοτέλης ''Aristotélēs'', ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of phil ...

Artephius Artephius (or Artefius) (c. 1150) is a writer to whom a number of alchemical texts are ascribed. Although the roots of the texts are unclear and the identity of their author obscure, at least some of them are Arabic in origin. He is named as the aut ...

, Joannes Aurelius Augurellus,

Avicenna Ibn Sina ( fa, ابن سینا; 980 – June 1037 CE), commonly known in the West as Avicenna (), was a Persian polymath who is regarded as one of the most significant physicians, astronomers, philosophers, and writers of the Islamic G ...

, Rogerius Baco, Christianus Adolphus Balduinus, Joannes Joachim Becher, Nicolaus Bernaudus, Salomon de Blauvenstein,

Petrus Bonus Petrus Bonus (Latin for "Peter the Good"; it, Pietro Antonio Boni) was a late medieval alchemist. He is best known for his ''Precious Pearl'' ( la, Margarita Preciosa) or ''Precious New Pearl'' ('), an influential alchemical text composed sometime ...

, Olaus Borrichius,

Joannes Braceschus Joannes or John ( la, Iohannes; died 425) was western Roman emperor from 423 to 425. On the death of the Emperor Honorius (emperor), Honorius (15 August 423), Theodosius II, the remaining ruler of the House of Theodosius, hesitated in announci ...

, Calid, Robertus Castrensis, Gabriel Clauder, Andreas Cnöffelius, Joannes Dausten, Gerard Dorn, d'Espagnet, Petrus Joannes Faber, Joannes Chrysippus Fanianus, Marsilius Ficinus, Joannes Franciscus Picus Mirandula, Nicolaus Flamellus, Melchior Friben, Geber, Joannes Gerhardus, Claudius Germain, Joannes Grasseus alias Cortalasseus, Guido de Montanor, Johannes Fridericus Helvetius, Joannes Ferdinandus Hertodt, Theobaldus de Hoghelande, Joannes de Rupescissa, Gulielmus Johnsonus,

Athanasius Kircher Athanasius Kircher (2 May 1602 – 27 November 1680) was a German Jesuit scholar and polymath A polymath ( el, πολυμαθής, , "having learned much"; la, homo universalis, "universal human") is an individual whose knowledge spans ...

, W. C. Kriegsmann, Joel Langelottus, Ludovicus de Comitibus, Raymundus Lullius, Carolus Cæsar Malvasius, Daniel Georg Morhof, Thomas Northon, Orthelius,

Pantaleon Pantaleon, also known as Panteleimon, (Greek: ) was a Greek king who reigned some time between 190–180 BC in Bactria and India. He was a younger contemporary or successor of the Greco-Bactrian king Demetrius, and is sometimes believed to ha ...

Philalethes Philalethes (Greek: φιλαλήθης, philaléthēs, pronounced ilalétɛːs was an Ancient Greek name, also often adopted in pseudonyms (based on its literal translation, "lover of truth"). It may apply to: * ''Philalethes'', book by Severus o ...

, Morienus Romanus, Richardus Anglicus, Georgius Ripleus, Philippus Jacobus Sachs,

Michael Sendivogius Michael Sendivogius (; pl, Michał Sędziwój; 2 February 1566 – 1636) was a Polish alchemist, philosopher, and medical doctor. A pioneer of chemistry, he developed ways of purification and creation of various acids, metals and other ch ...

, Daniel Stolcius de Stolcenberg, Bernardus Trevisanus, Guilielmus Trognianus,

Basilius Valentinus Basil Valentine is the Anglicised version of the name Basilius Valentinus, ostensibly a 15th-century alchemist, possibly Canon of the Benedictine Priory of Saint Peter in Erfurt, Germany but more likely a pseudonym used by one or several 16th-ce ...

, Dionysius Zacharias, and Zadith. File:Bibliotheca chemica curiosa RGNb1035413x.02.vol 1.tp.tif , ''Bibliotheca chemica curiosa'', 1702 File:A Physician Wearing a Seventeenth Century Plague Preventive Costume WDL3957.png , Physician in plague preventive costume, as described by Manget File:Jean-Jacques Manget RGNb10354141.02.vol I.part I.tp 1731.tif , ''Bibliotheca scriptorum medicorum'', 1731 File:Bibliotheca chemica curiosa RGNb1035413x.03.vol 1.fig 1.tif , Figure 1, Volume 1, ''Bibliotheca chemica curiosa'' File:Bibliotheca chemica curiosa RGNb1035413x.04.vol 1.fig 2.tif , Figure 2, Volume 1, ''Bibliotheca chemica curiosa'' File:Bibliotheca chemica curiosa RGNb1035413x.05.vol 1.fig 7.tif , Figure 7, Volume 1, ''Bibliotheca chemica curiosa'' File:Bibliotheca chemica curiosa RGNb1035413x.06.vol 1.fig 15.tif , Figure 15, Volume 1, ''Bibliotheca chemica curiosa'' File:Bibliotheca chemica curiosa RGNb1035413x.08.vol 2.page 898 figures.tif , Figures, page 898, Volume 2, ''Bibliotheca chemica curiosa'' File:Bibliotheca chemica curiosa RGNb1035413x.09.vol 2.page 901 figures.tif , Figures, page 901, Volume 2, ''Bibliotheca chemica curiosa''

Bibliography

*'' Bibliotheca anatomica'', two volumes (Geneva, 1685) *
Bibliotheca curiosa chemica'', two volumes (Geneva, 1702)
*
Bibliotheca medico-practica sive rerum medicarum thesaurus cumulatissimus: tomis octo comprehensis
' (Geneva, 1695)
1, 1. 1739

1, 2. 1739

2, 1. 1739

2, 2. 1739

3, 1. 1739

3, 2. 1739

4, 1. 1739

4, 2. 1739
*
Traité de la peste recueilli des meilleurs auteurs anciens et modernes
' (Geneva, 1721)

Notes

{{DEFAULTSORT:Manget, Jean-Jacques 1652 births 1742 deaths Physicians from the Republic of Geneva 18th-century writers from the Republic of Geneva