Jay Anderson (born October 24, 1955) is an American
jazz
Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, Louisiana in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with its roots in blues and ragtime. Since the 1920s Jazz Age, it has been recognized as a majo ...
double-bassist and
studio musician
Session musicians, studio musicians, or backing musicians are musicians hired to perform in recording sessions or live performances. The term sideman is also used in the case of live performances, such as accompanying a recording artist on a ...
Woody Herman
Woodrow Charles Herman (May 16, 1913 – October 29, 1987) was an American jazz clarinetist, saxophonist, singer, and big band leader. Leading groups called "The Herd", Herman came to prominence in the late 1930s and was active until his dea ...
(1978-1979),
Carmen McRae
Carmen Mercedes McRae (April 8, 1920 – November 10, 1994) was an American jazz singer. She is considered one of the most influential jazz vocalists of the 20th century and is remembered for her behind-the-beat phrasing and ironic interpre ...
(1979-1981), and a quartet led by
Ira Sullivan
Ira Sullivan (May 1, 1931 – September 21, 2020) was an American jazz trumpeter, flugelhornist, flautist, saxophonist, and composer born in Washington, D.C., United States. An active musician since the 1950s, he often worked with Red Rodney a ...
and
Red Rodney
Robert Roland Chudnick (September 27, 1927 – May 27, 1994), known professionally as Red Rodney, was an American jazz trumpeter.
Biography
Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, he became a professional musician at 15, working in the mid-1940 ...
(1981-1986). Anderson remained with Rodney through 1992, also working with
Michael Brecker
Michael Leonard Brecker (March 29, 1949 – January 13, 2007) was an American jazz saxophonist and composer. He was awarded 15 Grammy Awards as both performer and composer. He was awarded an Honorary Doctorate from Berklee College of ...
during this time, and played with
Toots Thielemans
Jean-Baptiste Frédéric Isidor, Baron Thielemans (29 April 1922 – 22 August 2016), known professionally as Toots Thielemans, was a Belgian jazz musician. He was mostly known for his chromatic harmonica playing, as well as his guitar and whist ...
and
Joe Sample
Joseph Leslie Sample (February 1, 1939 – September 12, 2014) was an American keyboardist and composer. He was one of the founding members of The Jazz Crusaders in 1960, the band which shortened its name to "The Crusaders" in 1971. He remained ...
for much of the 1990s. As a sideman, he played with
Randy Brecker
Randal Edward Brecker (born November 27, 1945) is an American trumpeter, flugelhornist, and composer. His versatility has made him a popular studio musician who has recorded with acts in jazz, rock, and R&B.
Early life
Brecker was born on N ...
,
Michael Brecker
Michael Leonard Brecker (March 29, 1949 – January 13, 2007) was an American jazz saxophonist and composer. He was awarded 15 Grammy Awards as both performer and composer. He was awarded an Honorary Doctorate from Berklee College of ...
,
Eliane Elias
Eliane Elias BrowseBiography.com, 20 November 2011; retrieved 10 September 2014. is a Brazilian
Toshiko Akiyoshi
is a Japanese–American jazz pianist, composer, arranger, and bandleader.
Akiyoshi received fourteen Grammy Award nominations and was the first woman to win Best Arranger and Composer awards in '' Down Beat'' magazine's annual Readers' Poll. ...
,
Bennie Wallace
Bennie Wallace (born November 18, 1946) is an American jazz tenor saxophonist.
Biography
He was born in Chattanooga, Tennessee, United States. Wallace began playing in local clubs with the encouragement of East Ridge, Tennessee High School ba ...
Bob Belden
James Robert Belden (October 31, 1956 – May 20, 2015) was an American saxophonist, arranger, composer, bandleader, and producer. As a composer he may be best known for his Grammy Award winning orchestral jazz recording, ''Black Dahlia'' (2001 ...
Mike Stern
Mike Stern (born January 10, 1953) is an American jazz guitarist. After playing with Blood, Sweat & Tears, he worked with drummer Billy Cobham, then with trumpeter Miles Davis from 1981 to 1983 and again in 1985. He then began a solo career, ...
Terumasa Hino
is a Japanese jazz trumpeter. He is considered one of Japan's finest jazz musicians. His instruments include the trumpet, cornet, and flügelhorn.
Early life
He was born in Tokyo, Japan, and his father was a trumpeter and tap dancer. Hino star ...
,
Michel Legrand
Michel Jean Legrand (; 24 February 1932 – 26 January 2019) was a French musical composer, arranger, conductor, and jazz pianist. Legrand was a prolific composer, having written over 200 film and television scores, in addition to many so ...
Bob Mintzer
Robert Alan Mintzer (born January 27, 1953) is an American jazz saxophonist, composer, arranger, and big band leader.
Early life
Mintzer was born and raised in a Jewish family in New Rochelle, New York, on January 27, 1953. He attended the Inter ...
,
George Cables
George Andrew Cables (born November 14, 1944) is an American jazz pianist and composer.
Early life
Cables was born in New York City, United States. He was initially taught piano by his mother. He then studied at the High School of Performing Ar ...
,
Paul Bley
Paul Bley, CM (November 10, 1932 – January 3, 2016) was a jazz pianist known for his contributions to the free jazz movement of the 1960s as well as his innovations and influence on trio playing and his early live performance on the Moog and ...
,
Frank Zappa
Frank Vincent Zappa (December 21, 1940 – December 4, 1993) was an American musician, composer, and bandleader. His work is characterized by nonconformity, free-form improvisation, sound experiments, musical virtuosity and satire of A ...
,
Tom Waits
Thomas Alan Waits (born December 7, 1949) is an American musician, composer, songwriter, and actor. His lyrics often focus on the underbelly of society and are delivered in his trademark deep, gravelly voice. He worked primarily in jazz during ...
Lee Konitz
Leon Konitz (October 13, 1927 – April 15, 2020) was an American composer and alto saxophonist.
He performed successfully in a wide range of jazz styles, including bebop, cool jazz, and avant-garde jazz. Konitz's association with the cool jaz ...
. He was a professor at
Manhattan School of Music
The Manhattan School of Music (MSM) is a private music conservatory in New York City. The school offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees in the areas of classical and jazz performance and composition, as well as a bachelor's in mu ...
With Lynne Arriale
* ''The Eyes Have It'' (DMP, 1994)
* ''Live at Montreux'' (TCB, 2000)
* ''Inspiration'' (TCB, 2002)
* ''Arise'' (In+Out, 2004)
* ''Come Together'' (In+Out, 2004)
* ''Live'' (Motema Music, 2005)
With
Bob Belden
James Robert Belden (October 31, 1956 – May 20, 2015) was an American saxophonist, arranger, composer, bandleader, and producer. As a composer he may be best known for his Grammy Award winning orchestral jazz recording, ''Black Dahlia'' (2001 ...
* ''Straight to My Heart'' (Blue Note, 1991)
* ''Puccini's Turandot'' (Blue Note, 1993)
* ''Princejazz'' (Somethin' Else, 1994)
* ''La Cigale'' (Sunnyside, 1998)
With Warren Bernhardt
* ''Heat of the Moment'' (DMP, 1989)
* ''Ain't Life Grand'' (DMP, 1990)
* ''Reflections'' (ESA, 1991)
* ''Amelia's Song'' (DMP, 2002)
With
Paul Bley
Paul Bley, CM (November 10, 1932 – January 3, 2016) was a jazz pianist known for his contributions to the free jazz movement of the 1960s as well as his innovations and influence on trio playing and his early live performance on the Moog and ...
* ''If We May'' (SteepleChase, 1994)
* ''Speechless'' (SteepleChase, 1995)
* ''Reality Check'' (SteepleChase, 1996)
* ''Notes On Ornette'' (SteepleChase, 1998)
With
George Cables
George Andrew Cables (born November 14, 1944) is an American jazz pianist and composer.
Early life
Cables was born in New York City, United States. He was initially taught piano by his mother. He then studied at the High School of Performing Ar ...
* ''I Mean You'' (SteepleChase, 1994)
* ''Skylark'' (SteepleChase, 1996)
* ''Dark Side, Light Side'' (SteepleChase, 1997)
With
Stanley Cowell
Stanley Cowell (May 5, 1941 – December 17, 2020) was an American jazz pianist and co-founder of the Strata-East Records label.
Early life
Cowell was born in Toledo, Ohio. He began playing the piano around the age of four, and became intereste ...
* ''Are You Real?'' (SteepleChase, 2014)
* ''Reminiscent'' (SteepleChase, 2015)
* ''No Illusions'' (SteepleChase, 2017)
With Harold Danko
* ''Unriched'' (SteepleChase, 2012)
* ''Lost in the Breeze'' (SteepleChase, 2016)
* ''Triple Play'' (SteepleChase, 2017)
With Michael Davis
* ''Midnight Crossing'' (Lipstick, 1994)
* ''Brass Nation'' (Hip-Bone Music, 2000)
* ''Trumpets Eleven'' (Hip-Bone Music, 2003)
With Michael Franks
* ''Watching the Snow'' (Koch, 2003)
* ''Time Together'' (Shanachie, 2011)
* ''The Music in My Head'' (P-Vine 2018)
With Vic Juris
* ''For the Music'' (Jazzpoint, 1992)
* ''Pastels'' (SteepleChase, 1996)
* ''Moonscape'' (SteepleChase, 1997)
* ''Remembering Eric Dolphy'' (SteepleChase, 1999)
* ''Songbook'' (SteepleChase, 2000)
* ''Blue Horizon'' (Zoho, 2004)
* ''A Second Look'' (Mel Bay, 2005)
* ''Omega Is the Alpha'' (SteepleChase, 2010)
* ''Free Admission'' (SteepleChase, 2012)
* ''Walking On Water'' (SteepleChase, 2014)
* ''Blue'' (SteepleChase, 2015)
* ''Vic Juris Plays Victor Young'' (SteepleChase, 2016)
* ''Eye Contact'' (SteepleChase, 2018)
* ''Let's Cool One'' (SteepleChase, 2020)
With
Frank Kimbrough
Frank Kimbrough (November 2, 1956 – December 30, 2020) was an American post-bop jazz pianist. He was born and raised in Roxboro, North Carolina. He did some work at Chapel Hill before moving to Washington, D. C. in 1980 and then New York City ...
* ''Live at Kitano'' (Palmetto, 2012)
* ''Quartet'' (Palmetto, 2014)
* ''Solstice'' (Pirouet, 2016)
With
Lee Konitz
Leon Konitz (October 13, 1927 – April 15, 2020) was an American composer and alto saxophonist.
He performed successfully in a wide range of jazz styles, including bebop, cool jazz, and avant-garde jazz. Konitz's association with the cool jaz ...
* '' Dearly Beloved'' (SteepleChase, 1997)
* '' Out of Nowhere'' (SteepleChase, 1997)
* '' RichLee!'' (SteepleChase, 1998)
With Andy LaVerne
* ''Between Earth & Mars'' (SteepleChase, 2000)
* ''Know More'' (SteepleChase, 2001)
* ''Pianissimo'' (SteepleChase, 2002)
With
Bob Mintzer
Robert Alan Mintzer (born January 27, 1953) is an American jazz saxophonist, composer, arranger, and big band leader.
Early life
Mintzer was born and raised in a Jewish family in New Rochelle, New York, on January 27, 1953. He attended the Inter ...
* ''Only in New York'' (DMP, 1994)
* ''Big Band Trane'' (DMP, 1996)
* ''Latin from Manhattan'' (DMP, 1998)
* ''Quality Time'' (TVT 1998)
* ''Gently'' (DMP, 2002)
* ''In the Moment'' (Art of Life, 2006)
* ''Old School New Lessons'' (MCG Jazz, 2006)
* ''Swing Out'' (MCG Jazz, 2008)
With Rich Perry
* ''Beautiful Love'' (SteepleChase, 1995)
* ''What Is This?'' (SteepleChase, 1996)
* ''Left Alone'' (SteepleChase, 1997)
* ''At the Kitano 2'' (SteepleChase, 2008)
* ''Gone'' (SteepleChase, 2009)
* ''Time Was'' (SteepleChase, 2012)
* ''Mood'' (SteepleChase, 2016)
* ''Other Matters'' (SteepleChase, 2019)
With
Red Rodney
Robert Roland Chudnick (September 27, 1927 – May 27, 1994), known professionally as Red Rodney, was an American jazz trumpeter.
Biography
Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, he became a professional musician at 15, working in the mid-1940 ...
Sprint
Sprint may refer to:
Aerospace
*Spring WS202 Sprint, a Canadian aircraft design
*Sprint (missile), an anti-ballistic missile
Automotive and motorcycle
*Alfa Romeo Sprint, automobile produced by Alfa Romeo between 1976 and 1989
*Chevrolet Sprint, ...
'' (Elektra/Musician, 1983)
* ''One for Bird'' (SteepleChase, 1988)
* ''No Turn On Red'' (Denon, 1989)
* ''Red Snapper'' (SteepleChase, 1989)
* ''Then and Now'' (Chesky, 1992)
With
Joe Sample
Joseph Leslie Sample (February 1, 1939 – September 12, 2014) was an American keyboardist and composer. He was one of the founding members of The Jazz Crusaders in 1960, the band which shortened its name to "The Crusaders" in 1971. He remained ...
* ''Old Places Old Faces'' (Warner Bros., 1996)
* ''Sample This'' (Warner Bros., 1997)
* ''The Song Lives On'' (PRA, 1999)
* ''The Pecan Tree'' (Videoarts, 2002)
With Maria Schneider
* ''Evanescence'' (Enja, 1994)
* ''Concert in the Garden'' (ArtistShare, 2004)
* ''Sky Blue'' (ArtistShare, 2007)
* ''The Thompson Fields'' (ArtistShare, 2015)
* ''Data Lords'' (ArtistShare, 2020)
With Louis Smith
* ''There Goes My Heart'' (SteepleChase, 1997)
* ''Soon'' (SteepleChase, 1998)
* ''The Bopsmith'' (SteepleChase, 2000)
With
Mark Soskin
Mark Samuel Soskin (born 1953) is an American jazz pianist based in New York City.
Discography
As leader
* ''Rhythm Vision,'' Prestige (1980);
* ''Overjoyed,'' Jazz City (1991);
* ''Views From Here,'' King (1992);
* ''Calypso & Jazz Aro ...
* ''17'' (TCB, 2001)
* ''Man Behind the Curtain'' (Kind of Blue, 2009)
* ''Hearts and Minds'' (SteepleChase, 2017)
* ''Upper West Side Stories'' (SteepleChase, 2018)
* ''Everything Old Is New Again'' (SteepleChase, 2020)
With Dave Stryker
* ''Passage'' (SteepleChase, 1993)
* ''Full Moon'' (SteepleChase, 1994)
* ''Blue to the Bone'' (SteepleChase, 1996)
* ''Blue to the Bone III'' (SteepleChase, 2002)
* ''Latest Outlook'' (Zoho, 2007)
* ''The Scene'' (Zoho, 2008)
* ''Keeper'' (Panorama, 2010)
With
Frank Zappa
Frank Vincent Zappa (December 21, 1940 – December 4, 1993) was an American musician, composer, and bandleader. His work is characterized by nonconformity, free-form improvisation, sound experiments, musical virtuosity and satire of A ...
* ''Thing-Fish'' (EMI, 1984)
* ''Cheap Thrills'' (Rykodisc, 1998)
* ''The Man from Utopia'' (Limited Edition, 1999)
With others
*
Toshiko Akiyoshi
is a Japanese–American jazz pianist, composer, arranger, and bandleader.
Akiyoshi received fourteen Grammy Award nominations and was the first woman to win Best Arranger and Composer awards in '' Down Beat'' magazine's annual Readers' Poll. ...
David Bowie
David Robert Jones (8 January 194710 January 2016), known professionally as David Bowie ( ), was an English singer-songwriter and actor. A leading figure in the music industry, he is regarded as one of the most influential musicians of the ...
, ''Nothing Has Changed'' (Columbia, 2014)
* David Bowie, ''Sue (or in a Season of Crime)'' (Parlophone, 2014)
*
Michael Brecker
Michael Leonard Brecker (March 29, 1949 – January 13, 2007) was an American jazz saxophonist and composer. He was awarded 15 Grammy Awards as both performer and composer. He was awarded an Honorary Doctorate from Berklee College of ...
, ''Now You See It... Now You Don't'' (GRP, 1990)
* Michael Brecker, ''The Cost of Living'' (Jazz Door, 1994)
*
Gordon Brisker
Gordon Brisker (November 6, 1937 in Cincinnati, Ohio – September 10, 2004) was an American jazz tenor saxophonist.
Brisker began on piano as a child, and studied reed instruments at the Cincinnati Conservatory of Music. He played with Ral ...
, ''The Gift'' (Naxos, 1997)
* Joey Calderazzo, ''In the Door'' (Blue Note, 1991)
* Joey Calderazzo, ''The Traveler'' (Blue Note, 1993)
* John Campbell, ''Turning Point'' (Contemporary, 1990)
* John Campbell, ''Workin' Out'' (Criss Cross, 2001)
* Jay Clayton, ''In and Out of Love'' (Sunnyside, 2010)
*
Celine Dion
Céline Marie Claudette Dion ( ; born 30 March 1968) is a Canadian singer. Noted for her powerful and technically skilled vocals, Dion is the best-selling Canadian recording artist, and the best-selling French-language artist of all time. Her ...
, ''Falling Into You'' (Columbia, 1996)
* Pierre Dorge, ''Soundscapes'' (SteepleChase, 2018)
* Mike Fahn, ''Close Your Eyes and Listen'' (Sparky 1, 2002)
* Boulou Ferre & Elios Ferre, ''New York N.Y.'' (SteepleChase, 1997)
*
Greg Gisbert
Gregory Lyle Gisbert (born February 2, 1966 in Mobile, Alabama) is an American jazz trumpeter and flugelhornist.Gary W. Kennedy, ''"Greg Gisbert''. '' Grove Jazz'' online
Early years and school
Gisbert played drums with his father as a child ...
Terumasa Hino
is a Japanese jazz trumpeter. He is considered one of Japan's finest jazz musicians. His instruments include the trumpet, cornet, and flügelhorn.
Early life
He was born in Tokyo, Japan, and his father was a trumpeter and tap dancer. Hino star ...
, ''Live in Warsaw'' (Century, 1991)
* Mark Isaacs, ''Keeping the Standards'' (Vorticity, 2004)
* Mark Isaacs, ''Resurgence'' (ABC, 2007)
*
Sara K.
Sara Katherine Wooldridge, known professionally as Sara K., is an American singer-songwriter and acoustic guitarist. She withdrew from the music business in 2009.
Early life
Born and raised in Dallas, Texas, she grew up in a family surrounded b ...
, ''Play On Words'' (Chesky, 1994)
* Chaka Khan, ''Classikhan'' (AGU/Earthsong/Sanctuary Urban, 2004)
* Tony Lakatos, ''Standard Time'' (Skip, 2014)
* Brian Landrus, ''Generations'' (BlueLand, 2017)
*
Rudy Linka
Rudy Linka (born 29 May 1960) is a jazz guitarist from the Czech Republic.
From 1975–1979, he studied classical guitar as a teenager at the Prague Conservatory and learned jazz through his mentor, Karel Velebný. After travelling to Germany i ...
, ''News from Home'' (Arta, 1992)
* Joe Locke, ''Sticks and Strings'' (Jazz Eyes, 2007)
* Brian Lynch, ''Peer Pressure'' (Criss Cross, 1987)
* Phil Markowitz, ''Catalysis'' (Sunnyside, 2008)
* Phil Markowitz, ''Perpetuity'' (Dot Time, 2014)
*
Nellie McKay
Nell Marie McKay (born April 13, 1982) is a singer and songwriter. She made her Broadway debut in ''The Threepenny Opera'' (2006).
Early life and education
McKay was born in London to an English father, writer-director Malcolm McKay, and an ...
, ''Normal As Blueberry Pie'' (Verve, 2009)
*
Carmen McRae
Carmen Mercedes McRae (April 8, 1920 – November 10, 1994) was an American jazz singer. She is considered one of the most influential jazz vocalists of the 20th century and is remembered for her behind-the-beat phrasing and ironic interpre ...
, ''Carmen McRae Live at Bubba's'' (CMA, 1988)
* Tiger Okoshi, ''Echoes of a Note'' (JVC, 1993)
* Tiger Okoshi, ''Color of Soil'' (JVC, 1998)
* Dave Panichi, ''Blues for McCoy'' (Spirit Song, 1995)
*
Mike Richmond Mike Richmond may refer to:
* Mike Richmond (musician) (born 1948), American jazz bassist
* Mike Richmond (speed skater) (born 1960)
{{Hndis, Richmond, Mike ...
, ''Tones for Joan's Bones'' (SteepleChase, 2018)
* Mike Richmond, ''La Vie En Rose'' (SteepleChase, 2019)
* Tim Ries, ''Stones World'' (Sunnyside, 2008)
*
Terre Roche
The Roches were an American vocal trio of sisters Maggie, Terre and Suzzy Roche
Suzzy Roche ( ; born September 29, 1956) is an American singer and actress best known for her work with the vocal group The Roches, alongside sisters Maggie and ...
, ''Imprint Earth'' (Rock Wreckerds, 2015)
* Hal Schaefer, ''Solo Duo Trio'' (Discovery, 1992)
* Ken Schaphorst, ''How to Say Goodbye'' (JCA, 2016)
* Larry Schneider, ''Ali Girl'' (SteepleChase, 1997)
*
Steve Slagle
Steve Slagle (born September 18, 1951) is an American jazz saxophonist.
Biography
Slagle was born in Los Angeles and grew up in suburban Philadelphia. He received a scholarship to the Berklee College of Music and received a master's degree in M ...
Mike Stern
Mike Stern (born January 10, 1953) is an American jazz guitarist. After playing with Blood, Sweat & Tears, he worked with drummer Billy Cobham, then with trumpeter Miles Davis from 1981 to 1983 and again in 1985. He then began a solo career, ...
, ''Standards (and Other Songs)'' (Atlantic, 1992)
*
Ira Sullivan
Ira Sullivan (May 1, 1931 – September 21, 2020) was an American jazz trumpeter, flugelhornist, flautist, saxophonist, and composer born in Washington, D.C., United States. An active musician since the 1950s, he often worked with Red Rodney a ...
Toots Thielemans
Jean-Baptiste Frédéric Isidor, Baron Thielemans (29 April 1922 – 22 August 2016), known professionally as Toots Thielemans, was a Belgian jazz musician. He was mostly known for his chromatic harmonica playing, as well as his guitar and whist ...
, ''The Live Takes Vol. 1'' (In+Out, 2000)
* Artie Traum, ''Meetings with Remarkable Friends'' (Narada, 1999)
*
Dawn Upshaw
Dawn Upshaw (born July 17, 1960) is an American soprano. She is the recipient of several Grammy Awards and has released a number of Edison Award-winning discs; she performs both opera and art song, and her repertoire spans Baroque to contempor ...
, Maria Schneider, ''Winter Morning Walks'' (ArtistShare, 2013)
*
Roseanna Vitro
Roseanna Elizabeth Vitro (born February 28, 1951) is a jazz singer and teacher from Arkansas.
Biography
Born Roseanna Elizabeth VitroScott Fredrickson and Gary W. Kennedy.Vitro (Wickliffe), Roseanna" In ''The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz'', 2 ...
, ''Softly'' (Concord Jazz, 1993)
*
Tom Waits
Thomas Alan Waits (born December 7, 1949) is an American musician, composer, songwriter, and actor. His lyrics often focus on the underbelly of society and are delivered in his trademark deep, gravelly voice. He worked primarily in jazz during ...
, ''Franks Wild Years'' (Island, 1987)
* Jeremy Wall, ''Stepping to the New World'' (Amherst, 1992)
*
Bennie Wallace
Bennie Wallace (born November 18, 1946) is an American jazz tenor saxophonist.
Biography
He was born in Chattanooga, Tennessee, United States. Wallace began playing in local clubs with the encouragement of East Ridge, Tennessee High School ba ...
, ''Brilliant Corners'' (Denon, 1988)
* Walt Weiskopf, ''Exact Science'' (Iris, 1989)
* Walt Weiskopf, ''Mindwalking'' (Iris, 1990)
*
Peter Zak
Peter Zak (born May 13, 1965) is an American jazz pianist and composer.
Life and career
Zak grew up in Ohio. He studied classical piano between the ages of six and 20.Panken, Ted (September 2011) "Peter Zak – Melodic Intention". ''Down Beat''. ...
Barry Kernfeld
Barry Dean Kernfeld (born August 11, 1950) is an American musicologist and jazz saxophonist who has researched and published extensively about the history of jazz and the biographies of its musicians.
Education
In 1968, Kernfeld enrolled at ...