JAK1 is a human
tyrosine kinase
A tyrosine kinase is an enzyme that can transfer a phosphate group from ATP to the tyrosine residues of specific proteins inside a cell. It functions as an "on" or "off" switch in many cellular functions.
Tyrosine kinases belong to a larger cla ...
protein essential for signaling for certain type I and type II
cytokine
Cytokines are a broad and loose category of small proteins (~5–25 kDa) important in cell signaling. Cytokines are peptides and cannot cross the lipid bilayer of cells to enter the cytoplasm. Cytokines have been shown to be involved in autocrin ...
s. It interacts with the common gamma chain (γc) of
type I cytokine receptor
Type I cytokine receptors are transmembrane receptors expressed on the surface of cells that recognize and respond to cytokines with four α-helical strands. These receptors are also known under the name ''hemopoietin receptors'', and share a c ...
s, to elicit signals from the
IL-2
The Ilyushin Il-2 (Russian: Илью́шин Ил-2) is a ground-attack plane that was produced by the Soviet Union in large numbers during the Second World War. The word ''shturmovík'' ( Cyrillic: штурмовик), the generic Russian term ...
receptor family (e.g.
IL-2R,
IL-7R,
IL-9R and
IL-15R), the
IL-4 receptor family (e.g.
IL-4R and
IL-13R), the
gp130
Glycoprotein 130 (also known as gp130, IL6ST, IL6R-beta or CD130) is a transmembrane protein which is the founding member of the class of all cytokine receptors. It forms one subunit of the type I cytokine receptor within the IL-6 receptor famil ...
receptor family (e.g.
IL-6R,
IL-11R,
LIF-R
LIFR also known as CD118 (Cluster of Differentiation 118), is a subunit of a receptor for leukemia inhibitory factor.
Function
The leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a polyfunctional cytokine that affects the differentiation, survival, and ...
,
OSM-R
Oncostatin-M specific receptor subunit beta also known as the Oncostatin M receptor (OSMR) , is one of the receptor proteins for oncostatin M, that in humans is encoded by the ''OSMR'' gene.
OSMR is a member of the type I cytokine receptor famil ...
,
cardiotrophin-1 receptor (CT-1R),
ciliary neurotrophic factor
Ciliary neurotrophic factor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CNTF'' gene.
The protein encoded by this gene is a polypeptide hormone and neurotrophic factor whose actions have mainly been studied in the nervous system where it p ...
receptor (CNTF-R),
neurotrophin-1 receptor (NNT-1R) and
Leptin
Leptin (from Ancient Greek, Greek λεπτός ''leptos'', "thin" or "light" or "small") is a hormone predominantly made by adipose cells and enterocytes in the small intestine that helps to regulate Energy homeostasis, energy balance by inhib ...
-R). It is also important for transducing a signal by type I (IFN-α/β) and type II (IFN-γ)
interferon
Interferons (IFNs, ) are a group of signaling proteins made and released by host cells in response to the presence of several viruses. In a typical scenario, a virus-infected cell will release interferons causing nearby cells to heighten the ...
s, and members of the
IL-10 family via
type II cytokine receptors.
Jak1 plays a critical role in initiating responses to multiple major cytokine receptor families. Loss of Jak1 is lethal in neonatal mice, possibly due to difficulties suckling.
Expression of JAK1 in cancer cells enables individual cells to contract, potentially allowing them to escape their tumor and
metastasize
Metastasis is a pathogenic agent's spread from an initial or primary site to a different or secondary site within the host's body; the term is typically used when referring to metastasis by a cancerous tumor. The newly pathological sites, then, ...
to other parts of the body.
Interactions
Janus kinase 1 has been shown to
interact
Advocates for Informed Choice, dba interACT or interACT Advocates for Intersex Youth, is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization using innovative strategies to advocate for the legal and human rights of children with intersex traits. The organizati ...
with:
*
ELP2
Elongator complex protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ELP2'' gene.
Interactions
ELP2 has been shown to interact with STAT3 and Janus kinase 1
JAK1 is a human tyrosine kinase protein essential for signaling for certain type ...
,
*
GNB2L1
Receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1), also known as guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-2-like 1 (GNB2L1), is a 35 kDa protein that in humans is encoded by the RACK1 gene.
Function
RACK1 was originally isolated and identified a ...
*
IL6ST,
*
Grb2,
*
IL2RB
Interleukin-2 receptor subunit beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''IL2RB'' gene. Also known as CD122; IL15RB; P70-75.
Function
The interleukin 2 receptor, which is involved in T cell-mediated immune responses, is present in 3 ...
,
* IRS1
Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) is a signaling adapter protein that in humans is encoded by the ''IRS-1'' gene. It is a 131 kDa protein with amino acid sequence of 1242 residues. It contains a single pleckstrin homology (PH) domain at the N-te ...
,
* IL10RA,
* PTPN11
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11 (PTPN11) also known as protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1D (PTP-1D), Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-2 (SHP-2), or protein-tyrosine phosphatase 2C (PTP-2C) is an enzyme that in huma ...
,
* STAM2,
* STAT3
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a transcription factor which in humans is encoded by the ''STAT3'' gene. It is a member of the STAT protein family.
Function
STAT3 is a member of the STAT protein family. In respons ...
,
* STAT5A
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''STAT5A'' gene. ''STAT5A'' orthologs have been identified in several placentals for which complete genome data are available.
Structure
STAT5a s ...
,
* STAT5B,[ and
* ]TNFRSF1A
Tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1), also known as tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A (TNFRSF1A) and CD120a, is a ubiquitous membrane receptor that binds tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα).
Function
The protein encoded b ...
.
See also
*Janus kinase inhibitor
A Janus kinase inhibitor, also known as JAK inhibitor or jakinib, is a type of immune modulating medication, which inhibits the activity of one or more of the Janus kinase family of enzymes ( JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, TYK2), thereby interfering with the ...
References
Further reading
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External links
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Tyrosine kinases