In the literatures of India,

Pakistan Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 24 ...

Bangladesh Bangladesh (}, ), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia. It is the eighth-most populous country in the world, with a population exceeding 165 million people in an area of . Bangladesh is among the mos ...

and

Afghanistan Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan,; prs, امارت اسلامی افغانستان is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. Referred to as the Heart of Asia, it is bordere ...

, a ''jangnama'' is an

epic Epic commonly refers to: * Epic poetry, a long narrative poem celebrating heroic deeds and events significant to a culture or nation * Epic film, a genre of film with heroic elements Epic or EPIC may also refer to: Arts, entertainment, and medi ...

heroic poem An epic poem, or simply an epic, is a lengthy narrative poem typically about the extraordinary deeds of extraordinary characters who, in dealings with gods or other superhuman forces, gave shape to the mortal universe for their descendants. ...

. The word is of

Persian Persian may refer to: * People and things from Iran, historically called ''Persia'' in the English language ** Persians, the majority ethnic group in Iran, not to be conflated with the Iranic peoples ** Persian language, an Iranian language of the ...

origin. In

Kashmiri Kashmiri may refer to: * People or things related to the Kashmir Valley or the broader region of Kashmir * Kashmiris, an ethnic group native to the Kashmir Valley * Kashmiri language, their language People with the name * Kashmiri Saikia Baruah ...

, ''jangnama'' refers to epic poetry generally; but ''jangnama'' also identifies a specific genre of poetry that deals with

Islam Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic Monotheism#Islam, monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God in Islam, God (or ...

ic conquests. The genre also exists in many Muslim-influenced

Indo-Aryan languages The Indo-Aryan languages (or sometimes Indic languages) are a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages in the Indo-European languages, Indo-European language family. As of the early 21st century, they have more than 800 million speakers, primarily ...

. A variety of different ''jangnamas'' were written in the years before 1850; they include: * ''Janganama Zainab's Chautisa'' by Sheikh Faizullah (16th century) * ''Janganama'' by

Dawlat Wazir Bahram Khan Dawlat Wazir Bahram Khan ( bn, দৌলত উজির বাহরাম খান, Doulot Uzir Bahram Khan), born as Asaduddin, was a 16th-century medieval Bengali poet and the Wazir of Chittagong in southeastern Bengal. He is best known for ...

(16th century) * ''Jangnama Muqtal Husayn'' by Mohammad Khan Islamabadi (1645) * ''Jangnama'' by Abdul Hakim (1723) * ''Zari Jangnama Maharamparba'' by

Heyat Mahmud Qadi Heyat Mahmud ( bn, হেয়াত মামুদ; 1693–1760) was a medieval Bengali poet, mystic and judge. Although his works, like other Middle Bengali poetry, are religion-centric, they are marked by social consciousness and toleran ...

(1723) * ''Qasim-er Lodai O Fatima-r Suratnama'' by Sherbaz (18th century) * ''Shahid-e-Karbala O Sakina-r Bilaap'' by Zafar (18th century) * ''Shongram Husayn'' by Hamid (18th century) * ''Janganama Amir Hamza'' by Gharibullah * ''Jangnama Hanifa (Zaiguner Pathi)'' by Sayad Hamza * ''Jangnama'' by Radhacaran Gop * ''Jangnama'' by Nasrullah Khan * ''Jangnama'' by

Hamid Shah Hamid Ali Mazhar Shah (born 2 August 1992) is a Danish cricketer who made his debut for the Danish national side in July 2010. He is a right-handed all-rounder bowling off spin. Career Born in Brøndby, before making his senior debut for the n ...

* ''Jangnama'' by Maulvi Ghulam Mastifa * ''Jang Ahd'' by Ahmad Yar * ''Jang Badan'' by Ahmad Yar * ''Jangnama Lahore'' by Khan Singh * ''Jangnama Hari Singh'' by Ram Dayal * ''Jangnama Delhi'' Khazan Singh * ''Jangnama Kabul Kandhar'' by Siam * ''Jangnama Kabul'' by

Karam Singh Subedar and Honorary Captain Karam Singh PVC, MM (15 September 1915 – 20 January 1993), an Indian soldier, was a recipient of the Param Vir Chakra (PVC), India's highest award for gallantry. Singh joined the army in 1941, and took par ...

* ''Jangnama Khaibar'' by Mirza Abdul Hamid * ''Jang Europe'' by Havinder Nand Singh * ''Jang Chitral'' by Kahan Singh * ''Jang Singhaan te Angrezan'' by

Shah Mohammad Shah Mohammad ( pa, ; ; 1780–1862), was a Punjabis, Punjabi poet who lived during the reign of Ranjit Singh, Maharaja Ranjit Singh (1780 – 1839) and is best known for his book ''Jangnama'' (Book of War) written around 1846, which dep ...

as well as the anonymous ''Jang Chitral, Jang Chin, Jang Tiraj'', and ''Jang Zaitun''. Jangnamahs were also written in more recent times; one example is Jangnamah Europe by a Sikh soldier, Nand Singh, who fought in the First World War.

References

{{reflist Indian poetry

See also

References