Jaggery is a

traditional A tradition is a belief or behavior (folk custom) passed down within a group or society with symbolic meaning or special significance with origins in the past. A component of cultural expressions and folklore, common examples include holidays or ...

non-centrifugal cane sugar Non-centrifugal cane sugar (NCS) is the technical name given to traditional raw sugar obtained by evaporating water from sugarcane juice. NCS is internationally recognized as a discrete and unique product by the FAO since 1964 and by the World C ...

consumed in the

Indian Subcontinent The Indian subcontinent is a list of the physiographic regions of the world, physiographical region in United Nations geoscheme for Asia#Southern Asia, Southern Asia. It is situated on the Indian Plate, projecting southwards into the Indian O ...

Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical United Nations geoscheme for Asia#South-eastern Asia, south-eastern region of Asia, consistin ...

, and Africa. It is a concentrated product of cane juice and often

date Date or dates may refer to: *Date (fruit), the fruit of the date palm (''Phoenix dactylifera'') Social activity *Dating, a form of courtship involving social activity, with the aim of assessing a potential partner **Group dating *Play date, an ...

palm Palm most commonly refers to: * Palm of the hand, the central region of the front of the hand * Palm plants, of family Arecaceae **List of Arecaceae genera * Several other plants known as "palm" Palm or Palms may also refer to: Music * Palm (ba ...

sap Sap is a fluid transported in xylem cells (vessel elements or tracheids) or phloem sieve tube elements of a plant. These cells transport water and nutrients throughout the plant. Sap is distinct from latex, resin, or cell sap; it is a separa ...

without separation of the

molasses Molasses () is a viscous substance resulting from refining sugarcane or sugar beets into sugar. Molasses varies in the amount of sugar, method of extraction and age of the plant. Sugarcane molasses is primarily used to sweeten and flavour foods ...

and crystals, and can vary from golden brown to dark brown in colour. It contains up to 50%

sucrose Sucrose, a disaccharide, is a sugar composed of glucose and fructose subunits. It is produced naturally in plants and is the main constituent of white sugar. It has the molecular formula . For human consumption, sucrose is extracted and refined ...

, up to 20%

invert sugar Inverted sugar syrup, also called invert syrup, invert sugar, simple syrup, sugar syrup, sugar water, bar syrup, syrup USP, or sucrose inversion, is a syrup mixture of the monosaccharides glucose and fructose, that is made by hydrolytic sacch ...

s, and up to 20% moisture, with the remainder made up of other insoluble matter, such as

wood ash Wood ash is the powdery residue remaining after the combustion of wood, such as burning wood in a fireplace, bonfire, or an industrial power plant. It is largely composed of calcium compounds along with other non-combustible trace elements presen ...

protein Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, respo ...

s, and

bagasse Bagasse ( ) is the dry pulpy fibrous material that remains after crushing sugarcane or sorghum stalks to extract their juice. It is used as a biofuel for the production of heat, energy, and electricity, and in the manufacture of pulp and building ...

fibres. Jaggery is very similar to

muscovado Muscovado is a type of partially refined to unrefined sugar with a strong molasses content and flavour, and dark brown in colour. It is technically considered either a non-centrifugal cane sugar or a centrifuged, partially refined sugar accordin ...

, an important sweetener in

Portuguese Portuguese may refer to: * anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Portugal ** Portuguese cuisine, traditional foods ** Portuguese language, a Romance language *** Portuguese dialects, variants of the Portuguese language ** Portu ...

British British may refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories, and Crown Dependencies. ** Britishness, the British identity and common culture * British English, ...

and

French cuisine French cuisine () is the cooking traditions and practices from France. It has been influenced over the centuries by the many surrounding cultures of Spain, Italy, Switzerland, Germany and Belgium, in addition to the food traditions of the re ...

. The Kenyan Sukari ngutu/nguru has no fibre; it is dark and is made from sugar cane and also sometimes extracted from palm tree.

Etymology

Jaggery comes from Portuguese terms , , derived from

Malayalam Malayalam (; , ) is a Dravidian language spoken in the Indian state of Kerala and the union territories of Lakshadweep and Puducherry (Mahé district) by the Malayali people. It is one of 22 scheduled languages of India. Malayalam was des ...

(),

Kannada Kannada (; ಕನ್ನಡ, ), originally romanised Canarese, is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by the people of Karnataka in southwestern India, with minorities in all neighbouring states. It has around 47 million native s ...

(),

Hindi Hindi (Devanāgarī: or , ), or more precisely Modern Standard Hindi (Devanagari: ), is an Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in the Hindi Belt region encompassing parts of northern, central, eastern, and western India. Hindi has been de ...

() from

Sanskrit Sanskrit (; attributively , ; nominally , , ) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages. It arose in South Asia after its predecessor languages had diffused there from the northwest in the late ...

() or also in Hindi, (gur). It is a

doublet Doublet is a word derived from the Latin ''duplus'', "twofold, twice as much", Jaggery is used in natural dying of fabric. It is also used in

hookah A hookah (Hindustani language, Hindustani: (Nastaleeq), (Devanagari), IPA: ; also see #Names and etymology, other names), shisha, or waterpipe is a single- or multi-stemmed instrument for heating or vaporizing and then smoking either tobacco ...

s in rural areas of Pakistan and India. Jaggery can be used as a tissue fixative in anatomic pathology.

Nomenclature

In the Indian Subcontinent

* From ''guḍa'' in

( sa, गुड, lit=ball, label=none): ** ''guṛ''

Bengali Bengali or Bengalee, or Bengalese may refer to: *something of, from, or related to Bengal, a large region in South Asia * Bengalis, an ethnic and linguistic group of the region * Bengali language, the language they speak ** Bengali alphabet, the w ...

( bn, গুড়, label=none),

Bhojpuri Bhojpuri (;Bhojpuri entry, Oxford Dictionaries
, Oxford U ...

( bh, गुड़, label=none),

Punjabi Punjabi, or Panjabi, most often refers to: * Something of, from, or related to Punjab, a region in India and Pakistan * Punjabi language * Punjabi people * Punjabi dialects and languages Punjabi may also refer to: * Punjabi (horse), a British Th ...

( pa, ਗੁੜ, label=none),

Haryanvi Haryanvi ( ' or '), also known as Bangru, is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in the state of Haryana in India, and to a lesser extent in Delhi. Haryanvi is considered to be part of the dialect group of Western Hindi, which also includes Kharibo ...

( hi, गुड़, label=none),

( hi, गुड़, label=none) ** ''gur'' in Assamese ( as, গুৰ, label=none) and Nagamese ( as, গুৰ, label=none) ** ''ɠuṛ'' in Sindhi ( sd, ڳُڙ, label=none) and

Urdu Urdu (;"Urdu"
''

Odia Odia, also spelled Oriya or Odiya, may refer to: * Odia people in Odisha, India * Odia language, an Indian language, belonging to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family * Odia alphabet, a writing system used for the Odia languag ...

** ''goḍ'' (Romanized ''godd'') in Konkani ( kok, गोड, label=none) ** ''guḷ'' ( mr, गूळ, label=none) in

Marathi Marathi may refer to: *Marathi people, an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group of Maharashtra, India *Marathi language, the Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Marathi people *Palaiosouda, also known as Marathi, a small island in Greece See also * * ...

** ''gôḷ'' in

Gujarati Gujarati may refer to: * something of, from, or related to Gujarat, a state of India * Gujarati people, the major ethnic group of Gujarat * Gujarati language, the Indo-Aryan language spoken by them * Gujarati languages, the Western Indo-Aryan sub- ...

( gu, ગોળ, label=none) and

Rajasthani Rajasthani may refer to: * something of, from, or related to Rajasthan, a state of India * Rajasthani languages, a group of languages spoken there * Rajasthani people, the native inhabitants of the region * Rajasthani architecture * Rajasthani art ...

( raj, गौळ, label=none) **
gwëṛa
' in

Pashto Pashto (,; , ) is an Eastern Iranian language in the Indo-European language family. It is known in historical Persian literature as Afghani (). Spoken as a native language mostly by ethnic Pashtuns, it is one of the two official languages ...

( pa, ګوړه, label=none) * From Proto-Dravidian ''*bel-am'': ** ''vellam'' in

Tamil Tamil may refer to: * Tamils, an ethnic group native to India and some other parts of Asia ** Sri Lankan Tamils, Tamil people native to Sri Lanka also called ilankai tamils **Tamil Malaysians, Tamil people native to Malaysia * Tamil language, nati ...

( ta, வெல்லம், label=none) and

( ml, വെല്ലം, label=none), or longer form ''panai vellam'' in

( ta, பனை வெல்லம், label=none) ** ''bellam'' in

Telugu Telugu may refer to: * Telugu language, a major Dravidian language of India *Telugu people, an ethno-linguistic group of India * Telugu script, used to write the Telugu language ** Telugu (Unicode block), a block of Telugu characters in Unicode S ...

( te, బెల్లం, label=none) ** ''bella'' in

( kn, ಬೆಲ್ಲ, label=none) and

Tulu Tulu may refer to: People *Derartu Tulu (born 1972), Ethiopian long-distance runner *Walid Yacoubou (born 1997), Togolese footballer nicknamed "Tulu" India *Tulu calendar, traditional solar calendar generally used in the regions of southwest Kar ...

* From

''śarkarā'' ( sa, शर्करा, lit=gravel, grit, candied sugar, label=none): ** ''śarkkara'' or ''cakkara'' in

( ml, ശർക്കര, label=none or ml, ചക്കര, label=none) ** ''sakkarai'' in

( ta, சக்கரை, label=none) ** ''sakkhar'' in Nepali ( ne, सक्खर, label=none) ** ''hakuru'' in Sinhala () and

Dhivehi Dhivehi, also spelled Divehi, may refer to: *Dhivehi people, an ethnic group native to the historic region of the Maldive Islands. *Dhivehi language, an Indo-Aryan language predominantly spoken by about 350,000 people in the Republic of Maldives ...

( dv, ހަކުރު, label=none) * From

''miṣṭa'' ( sa, मिष्ट, lit=sweet, tasty, label=none): ** ''mitha'' in

Bhojpuri Bhojpuri (;Bhojpuri entry, Oxford Dictionaries
, Oxford U ...

** ''mithoi'' in Assamese ( as, মিঠৈ, label=none) * Other terms: ** ''kawltu tuikang'' in Paite ** ''kurtai'' in Mizo ** ''bheli'' in Nepali ** ''karuppaṭṭi'', ''karippaṭṭi'', or ''karipeṭṭi'' in

( ml, കരിപെട്ടി, label=none) is jaggery made from palm juice, and ''panam kalkaṇḍam'' ( ml, പനം കല്കണ്ടം, label=none) is rock candy made from palm juice. ** ''karupaṭṭi'' ( ta, கருப்பட்டி, label=none) or ''panam kalkaṇḍu'' ( ta, பனம் கற்கண்டு, label=none) in

In Southeast Asia

Cambodia

* ''Skor tnaot'' () in Khmer

Myanmar (Burma)

* ''Htanyet'' () oddy Palm Jaggery() in

Burmese Burmese may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Myanmar, a country in Southeast Asia * Burmese people * Burmese language * Burmese alphabet * Burmese cuisine * Burmese culture Animals * Burmese cat * Burmese chicken * Burmese (hor ...

* ''Kyan Tha Kar'' () ugarcane Jaggeryin Burmese

Malaysia

* ''Gula melaka'' or ''Gula merah'' in

Malay Malay may refer to: Languages * Malay language or Bahasa Melayu, a major Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore ** History of the Malay language, the Malay language from the 4th to the 14th century ** Indonesi ...

* ''Gula nisan/nise'' in

Kelantanese Malay Kelantan-Pattani Malay (; ; in Pattani; in Kelantan) is an Austronesian language of the Malayic subfamily spoken in the Malaysian state of Kelantan and the neighbouring southernmost provinces of Thailand. It is the primary spoken language of ...

* ''Gula apong'' in

Sarawak Sarawak (; ) is a States and federal territories of Malaysia, state of Malaysia. The largest among the 13 states, with an area almost equal to that of Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak is located in northwest Borneo Island, and is bordered by the M ...

Malaysia Malaysia ( ; ) is a country in Southeast Asia. The federation, federal constitutional monarchy consists of States and federal territories of Malaysia, thirteen states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two r ...

is a variant of the jaggery, which is made from the sap of the nipah palm or

Nypa fruticans ''Nypa fruticans'', commonly known as the nipa palm (or simply nipa, from ms, nipah) or mangrove palm, is a species of palm native to the coastlines and estuarine habitats of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the only palm considered adapte ...

Indonesia

* ''Gula jawa'' in

Indonesian Indonesian is anything of, from, or related to Indonesia, an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. It may refer to: * Indonesians, citizens of Indonesia ** Native Indonesians, diverse groups of local inhabitants of the archipelago ** Indonesian ...

and Javanese * ''Gula merah'' in

and

* ''Gula aren'' in

and Betawi * ''Gula kawung'' in

Sundanese Sundanese may refer to: * Sundanese people * Sundanese language * Sundanese script Standard Sundanese script (''Aksara Sunda Baku'', ) is a writing system which is used by the Sundanese people. It is built based on Old Sundanese script (' ...

Philippines

06893jfCuisine Foods Landmarks Baliuag Bulacanfvf 41

* ''Tagapulot'' or ''Koya-Koya'' ( Ilocano) * ''Pakombuk'' (

Kapampangan Kapampangan, Capampañgan or Pampangan may refer to: *Kapampangan people of the Philippines *Kapampangan language Kapampangan or Pampangan is an Austronesian language, and one of the eight major languages of the Philippines. It is the primary ...

) * ''Panocha'' (

Philippine Spanish The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...

) * ''Panutsa'' ( Tagalog) * ''Sangkaka'' ( Tagalog) * ''Bagkat Bao'' - may be regional to

Bulacan Bulacan, officially the Province of Bulacan ( tl, Lalawigan ng Bulacan), is a province in the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region. Its capital is the city of Malolos. Bulacan was established on August 15, 1578, and part of the Metr ...

( Tagalog) * ''Calamay'' -

Leyte Leyte ( ) is an island in the Visayas group of islands in the Philippines. It is eighth-largest and sixth-most populous island in the Philippines, with a total population of 2,626,970 as of 2020 census. Since the accessibility of land has be ...

and

Samar Samar ( ) is the third-largest and seventh-most populous island in the Philippines, with a total population of 1,909,537 as of the 2020 census. It is located in the eastern Visayas, which are in the central Philippines. The island is divided in ...

( Waray-waray)

Thailand

* Palm jaggery: th, น้ำตาลโตนด, namtan tanot, label=none, * Coconut jaggery: th, น้ำตาลมะพร้าว, namtan maphrao, label=none, * Cane sugar: th, น้ำตาลอ้อย (งบน้ำอ้อย), namtan oi (Ngob Nam Oi), label=none, * Granulated brown cane sugar: th, น้ำตาลทรายแดง, namtan sai daeng, label=none, * Granulated white cane sugar: th, น้ำตาลทราย, namtan sai, label=none, ; or th, น้ำตาลทรายขาว, namtan sai khao, label=none,

Elsewhere

* '' Raspadura'' in Cuba and Panama * ''

Rapadura Panela () or rapadura (Portuguese pronunciation: ) is an unrefined whole cane sugar, typical of Central and Latin America. It is a solid form of sucrose derived from the boiling and evaporation of sugarcane juice. Panela is known by other na ...

'' in Brazil * ''

Panela Panela () or rapadura (Portuguese pronunciation: ) is an unrefined whole cane sugar, typical of Central and Latin America. It is a solid form of sucrose derived from the boiling and evaporation of sugarcane juice. Panela is known by other na ...

'' in Central America and parts of South America * ''

Piloncillo Panela () or rapadura (Portuguese pronunciation: ) is an unrefined whole cane sugar, typical of Central and Latin America. It is a solid form of sucrose derived from the boiling and evaporation of sugarcane juice. Panela is known by other na ...

'' in Mexico * '' Tapa de dulce'' in Costa Rica * ''Chancaca'' in Peru * ''

Papelón Panela () or rapadura (Portuguese pronunciation: ) is an unrefined whole cane sugar, typical of Central and Latin America. It is a solid form of sucrose derived from the boiling and evaporation of sugarcane juice. Panela is known by other ...

'', ''panela'' or ''miel de panela'' in Venezuela * ''Sukari nguuru'' in Swahili * in

Japanese Japanese may refer to: * Something from or related to Japan, an island country in East Asia * Japanese language, spoken mainly in Japan * Japanese people, the ethnic group that identifies with Japan through ancestry or culture ** Japanese diaspor ...

* zh, c=紅糖, labels=no (''hóng táng'') or zh, c=黑糖, labels=no (''hēi táng'') in

Chinese Chinese can refer to: * Something related to China * Chinese people, people of Chinese nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity **''Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic concept of the Chinese nation ** List of ethnic groups in China, people of va ...

, the latter used by the Chinese community in

and

Oceania Oceania (, , ) is a region, geographical region that includes Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Spanning the Eastern Hemisphere, Eastern and Western Hemisphere, Western hemispheres, Oceania is estimated to have a land area of ...

* Gur in Afghanistan Making Jaggery (Gur) in Punjab

Image gallery

File:Jaggery_cubes.jpg, Jaggery cubes File:Gur making.15.jpg, Jaggery (gur) making at small scale near sugarcane farm in

Pakistan Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 24 ...

. File:Jaggery preparation0.jpg, Boiling the sugarcane juice in large-scale jaggery (gur) making in India. File:Jaggery preparation5.jpg, Transferring boiled

sugarcane juice Sugarcane juice is the liquid extracted from pressed sugarcane. It is consumed as a beverage in many places, especially where sugarcane is commercially grown, such as Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent, North Africa, and Latin America. Sug ...

into vessel to dry. File:(1) Jaggery Gud Punjab India.jpg, Gud or jaggery: Sugarcane-derived raw sugar crystallised cubes or blocks. File:A Jaggery.JPG, Jaggery blocks, also known as ''gud'' File:Poriurundai.JPG, ''Gur mamra''

laddu ''Laddu'' or ''laddoo'' (; ms, kuih laddu; id, kue laddu) is a spherical sweet originating from India and spread through the Indian subcontinent and the Malay world. Laddus are primarily made from flour, fat (ghee/butter/oil) and sugar or ...

sweets made from jaggery and

puffed rice Puffed rice and popped rice (or pop rice) are types of puffed grain made from rice commonly eaten in the traditional cuisines of Southeast Asia, East Asia, and South Asia. It has also been produced commercially in the West since 1904 and is popul ...

. File:Indian Jaggery.jpg, Indian Jaggery File:Indein, Sugar cane juice, Shan State, Myanmar.jpg, Boiling, Myanmar. File:Indein, Sugarcane, Cane sugar, Shan State, Myanmar.jpg, Jaggery, Myanmar.

References

{{Sri Lankan cuisine Articles containing video clips Indian cuisine Sri Lankan desserts and sweets Sugar