__NOTOC__ Jacob Theodore "Jack" Schwartz (January 9, 1930 – March 2, 2009) was an American

mathematician A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems. Mathematicians are concerned with numbers, data, quantity, structure, space, models, and change. History On ...

computer scientist A computer scientist is a person who is trained in the academic study of computer science. Computer scientists typically work on the theoretical side of computation, as opposed to the hardware side on which computer engineers mainly focus (al ...

, and professor of

computer science Computer science is the study of computation, automation, and information. Computer science spans theoretical disciplines (such as algorithms, theory of computation, information theory, and automation) to Applied science, practical discipli ...

at the

New York University New York University (NYU) is a private research university in New York City. Chartered in 1831 by the New York State Legislature, NYU was founded by a group of New Yorkers led by then-Secretary of the Treasury Albert Gallatin. In 1832, the ...

Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences The Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences (commonly known as Courant or CIMS) is the mathematics research school of New York University (NYU), and is among the most prestigious mathematics schools and mathematical sciences research cente ...

. He was the designer of the

SETL SETL (SET Language) is a very high-level programming language based on the mathematical theory of sets. It was originally developed by (Jack) Jacob T. Schwartz at the New York University (NYU) Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences in the ...

programming language A programming language is a system of notation for writing computer programs. Most programming languages are text-based formal languages, but they may also be graphical. They are a kind of computer language. The description of a programming ...

and started the NYU

Ultracomputer The New York University's Ultracomputer is a significant processor design in the history of parallel computing. The system has ''N'' processors, ''N'' memories, and an ''N log N'' message-passing switch connecting them. The system supported an inno ...

project. He founded the New York University Department of Computer Science, chairing it from 1964 to 1980.

Early life

Schwartz was born in

The Bronx The Bronx () is a borough of New York City, coextensive with Bronx County, in the state of New York. It is south of Westchester County; north and east of the New York City borough of Manhattan, across the Harlem River; and north of the New Y ...

, New York on January 9, 1930 to Ignatz and Hedwig Schwartz. He attended

Stuyvesant High School Stuyvesant High School (pronounced ), commonly referred to among its students as Stuy (pronounced ), is a State school, public university-preparatory school, college-preparatory, Specialized high schools in New York City, specialized high school ...

and went on to City College of New York.Anastasio, Sal
"In Memory of Jacob Schwartz"
''

Notices of the American Mathematical Society ''Notices of the American Mathematical Society'' is the membership journal of the American Mathematical Society (AMS), published monthly except for the combined June/July issue. The first volume appeared in 1953. Each issue of the magazine since ...

'', v.62, n.5, May 2015

Education

Schwartz received his B.S. (1949) from the

City College of New York The City College of the City University of New York (also known as the City College of New York, or simply City College or CCNY) is a public university within the City University of New York (CUNY) system in New York City. Founded in 1847, Cit ...

and his M.A. (1949) and Ph.D. in mathematics (1952) from

Yale University Yale University is a private research university in New Haven, Connecticut. Established in 1701 as the Collegiate School, it is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and among the most prestigious in the wo ...

. His doctoral thesis was entitled ''Linear Elliptic Differential Operators'' and his thesis advisor was

Nelson Dunford Nelson James Dunford (December 12, 1906 – September 7, 1986) was an American mathematician, known for his work in functional analysis, namely integration of vector valued functions, ergodic theory, and linear operators. The Dunford decompositi ...

Career

Schwartz's research interests included the theory of

linear operator In mathematics, and more specifically in linear algebra, a linear map (also called a linear mapping, linear transformation, vector space homomorphism, or in some contexts linear function) is a mapping V \to W between two vector spaces that pre ...

von Neumann algebra In mathematics, a von Neumann algebra or W*-algebra is a *-algebra of bounded operators on a Hilbert space that is closed in the weak operator topology and contains the identity operator. It is a special type of C*-algebra. Von Neumann algeb ...

quantum field theory In theoretical physics, quantum field theory (QFT) is a theoretical framework that combines classical field theory, special relativity, and quantum mechanics. QFT is used in particle physics to construct physical models of subatomic particles and ...

time-sharing In computing, time-sharing is the sharing of a computing resource among many users at the same time by means of multiprogramming and multi-tasking.DEC Timesharing (1965), by Peter Clark, The DEC Professional, Volume 1, Number 1 Its emergence a ...

parallel computing Parallel computing is a type of computation in which many calculations or processes are carried out simultaneously. Large problems can often be divided into smaller ones, which can then be solved at the same time. There are several different fo ...

design and implementation,

robotics Robotics is an interdisciplinary branch of computer science and engineering. Robotics involves design, construction, operation, and use of robots. The goal of robotics is to design machines that can help and assist humans. Robotics integrat ...

set-theoretic Set theory is the branch of mathematical logic that studies sets, which can be informally described as collections of objects. Although objects of any kind can be collected into a set, set theory, as a branch of mathematics, is mostly concern ...

approaches in

computational logic Computational logic is the use of logic to perform or reason about computation. It bears a similar relationship to computer science and engineering as mathematical logic bears to mathematics and as philosophical logic bears to philosophy. It is s ...

, proof and

program verification In the context of hardware and software systems, formal verification is the act of proving or disproving the correctness of intended algorithms underlying a system with respect to a certain formal specification or property, using formal metho ...

systems; multimedia authoring tools; experimental studies of visual perception; multimedia and other high-level software techniques for analysis and visualization of bioinformatic data. Schwartz authored 18 books and more than 100 papers and technical reports. He was also the inventor of the Artspeak programming language, which historically ran on mainframes and produced graphical output using a single-color graphical plotter. Schwartz served as chairman of the Computer Science Department (which he founded) at the

, from 1969 to 1977. He also served as chairman of the Computer Science Board of the

National Research Council National Research Council may refer to: * National Research Council (Canada), sponsoring research and development * National Research Council (Italy), scientific and technological research, Rome * National Research Council (United States), part of ...

and was the former chairman of the

National Science Foundation The National Science Foundation (NSF) is an independent agency of the United States government that supports fundamental research and education in all the non-medical fields of science and engineering. Its medical counterpart is the National I ...

Advisory Committee for Information, Robotics and Intelligent Systems. From 1986 to 1989, he was the director of

DARPA The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is a research and development agency of the United States Department of Defense responsible for the development of emerging technologies for use by the military. Originally known as the Adv ...

's Information Science and Technology Office (DARPA/ISTO) in

Arlington, Virginia Arlington County is a county in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The county is situated in Northern Virginia on the southwestern bank of the Potomac River directly across from the District of Columbia, of which it was once a part. The county is ...

Personal life

Schwartz was previously married to computer scientist

Frances E. Allen Frances Elizabeth Allen (August 4, 1932August 4, 2020) was an American computer scientist and pioneer in the field of optimizing compilers. Allen was the first woman to become an IBM Fellow, and in 2006 became the first woman to win the Turing ...

from 1972 to 1982.

Publications

*Nelson Dunford, Jacob T. Schwartz ''Linear Operators'', Part I General Theory , Part II Spectral Theory, Self Adjoint Operators in Hilbert Space , Part III Spectral Operators * *Jacob T. Schwartz, ''Introduction to Matrices and Vectors'', McGraw-Hill (1961) *Jacob T. Schwartz, ''Lectures on the Mathematical Method in Analytical Economics'', Gordon and Breach (1961) *Jacob T. Schwartz, ''Relativity In Illustrations'', New York University Press (1962) *Jacob T. Schwartz, ''Theory of money (Mathematics and its applications)'', Gordon and Breach (1965) *Jacob T. Schwartz, ''W-* algebras (Notes on mathematics and its applications)'', Gordon and Breach (1967), *Jacob T. Schwartz (ed.)
''Mathematical Aspects of Computer Science''
American Mathematical Society (1967) *Jacob T. Schwartz, ''Nonlinear Functional Analysis'', Gordon and Breach (1968) *Jacob T. Schwartz, ''Differential Geometry and Topology'', Gordon and Breach (1969) * Schwartz, J.T.; Cocke, John
''PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES AND THEIR COMPILERS : Preliminary Notes''
Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, Second Revised Version, April 1970 * *Jacob T. Schwartz, Robert B. K. Dewar, ''Programming With Sets: An Introduction to Setl'', Springer (November 1986), *Jacob T. Schwartz, ''The Limits of Artificial Intelligence'', found in the ''Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence'', 2 vols., John Wiley and Songs, 1987 *Jacob T. Schwartz, Mark Kac, and Gian-Carlo Rota, ''Discrete Thoughts: Essays on Mathematics, Science, and Philosophy'', Birkhäuser Boston; 2nd edition (January 11, 2008),

Awards and honors

*Recipient

Wilbur Cross Medal The Wilbur Cross Medal, or Wilbur Lucius Cross Medal for Alumni Achievement, is an award by the Yale University Graduate School Alumni Association to recognize "...distinguished achievements in scholarship, teaching, academic administration, and p ...

*Townsend Harris Medal, City University of New York *Mayor's Medal for Contributions to Science and Technology, New York City, 1986 *

Leroy P. Steele Prize The Leroy P. Steele Prizes are awarded every year by the American Mathematical Society, for distinguished research work and writing in the field of mathematics. Since 1993, there has been a formal division into three categories. The prizes have b ...

American Mathematical Society The American Mathematical Society (AMS) is an association of professional mathematicians dedicated to the interests of mathematical research and scholarship, and serves the national and international community through its publications, meetings, ...

, August 1981 (shared with N. Dunford) *Sloan Fellow, 1961–1962 *Distinguished Lecturer at the following Universities: University of California, Santa Barbara; Harvard University; MIT; Cornell University; University of Washington; University of Southern California; Trinity College, Dublin * Elected to the

National Academy of Sciences The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) is a United States nonprofit, non-governmental organization. NAS is part of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, along with the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) and the Nati ...

in 1976, and to the

National Academy of Engineering The National Academy of Engineering (NAE) is an American nonprofit, non-governmental organization. The National Academy of Engineering is part of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, along with the National Academy ...

in 2000.

References

External links

A Symposium to Honor the Scientific Career of Jacob T. Schwartz
(2004). *

*
Jacob SchwartzNAE pageJacob T. Schwartz's personal web siteMartin Davis and Edmond Schonberg, "Jacob Theodore Schwartz", Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences (2011)
{{DEFAULTSORT:Schwartz, Jack 1930 births 2009 deaths 20th-century American mathematicians 21st-century American mathematicians Programming language designers City College of New York alumni Yale University alumni Yale University faculty Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences faculty Donegall Lecturers of Mathematics at Trinity College Dublin Harvard University staff Deaths from cancer in New York (state) Deaths from liver cancer Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences Operator theorists Mathematicians from New York (state) Scientists from the Bronx