Ismail Amirkhizi or Mohammad Ismail Amirkhizi ( fa, اسماعیل امیرخیزی, born 1873, died 16 February 1966) was an

Iranian Iranian may refer to: * Iran, a sovereign state * Iranian peoples, the speakers of the Iranian languages. The term Iranic peoples is also used for this term to distinguish the pan ethnic term from Iranian, used for the people of Iran * Iranian lan ...

author, poet, researcher and one of the politicians and intellectuals of the

Persian Constitutional Revolution The Persian Constitutional Revolution ( fa, مشروطیت, Mashrūtiyyat, or ''Enghelāb-e Mashrūteh''), also known as the Constitutional Revolution of Iran, took place between 1905 and 1911. The revolution led to the establishment of a par ...

. He was the brother of Ali Amirkhizi, a constitutional revolutionary, writer and political activist, member of the Central Committee of the Tudeh Party of Iran.

Life and careers

Ismail Amirkhizi was born in 1873 in ''"Arvanagh region"'', Sufian District, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. Because he lived in Amirkhiz district, northwestern part of

Tabriz Tabriz ( fa, تبریز ; ) is a city in northwestern Iran, serving as the capital of East Azerbaijan Province. It is the List of largest cities of Iran, sixth-most-populous city in Iran. In the Quri Chay, Quru River valley in Iran's historic Aze ...

, he became known as Amirkhizi. He learned the basics of

Persian Persian may refer to: * People and things from Iran, historically called ''Persia'' in the English language ** Persians, the majority ethnic group in Iran, not to be conflated with the Iranic peoples ** Persian language, an Iranian language of the ...

and Arabic literature in various schools, and at the age of fourteen he engaged in fabric business with his father, and then sought to complete his knowledge, so used the information of the great masters of the age. In his youth, he was considered one of the most famous writers in poetry and literature in

Azerbaijan Azerbaijan (, ; az, Azərbaycan ), officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, , also sometimes officially called the Azerbaijan Republic is a transcontinental country located at the boundary of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is a part of th ...

. In 1904, he went on

Hajj The Hajj (; ar, حَجّ '; sometimes also spelled Hadj, Hadji or Haj in English) is an annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia, the holiest city for Muslims. Hajj is a mandatory religious duty for Muslims that must be carried ...

pilgrimage. On his return, he became acquainted with the

Constitution A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of Legal entity, entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed. When ...

and the Republic for the first time in

Istanbul Istanbul ( , ; tr, İstanbul ), formerly known as Constantinople ( grc-gre, Κωνσταντινούπολις; la, Constantinopolis), is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, serving as the country's economic, ...

through the press and talking to the people. From the beginning of the

constitutional movement The Constitutional Movement was a right wing political group in the United Kingdom. It was formed in 1979 by Andrew Fountaine as the National Front Constitutional Movement, a splinter group from the National Front. Offering a more moderate altern ...

, he joined the group of freedom fighters and participated in the Azerbaijan Provincial Association as the representative of the city of Ardabil. After a contention broke out between the Provincial Association and

Mohammad Reza Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi ( fa, محمدرضا پهلوی, ; 26 October 1919 – 27 July 1980), also known as Mohammad Reza Shah (), was the last ''Shah'' (King) of the Imperial State of Iran from 16 September 1941 until his overthrow in the Irani ...

, the Provincial Association appointed him as

Sattar Khan Sattar Khan ( fa, ستارخان, , October 20, 1866 – November 17, 1914), honorarily titled Sardār-e Melli ( fa, سردار ملی meaning ''National Commander'') was a pivotal figure in the Iranian Constitutional Revolution and is considered ...

's secretary, ostensibly, and his advisor, inwardly. He was an effective factor in Sattar Khan's office and Sattar Khan consulted with him in most matters. After the inauguration of the second term of the National Consultative Assembly, Amirkhizi came to

Tehran Tehran (; fa, تهران ) is the largest city in Tehran Province and the capital of Iran. With a population of around 9 million in the city and around 16 million in the larger metropolitan area of Greater Tehran, Tehran is the most popul ...

with Sattar Khan, but after the

Atabak Park Incident The Atabak Park Incident (Persian:واقعه باغ اتابک) was a conflict that led to the death of 300 rebels. It took place on July 20, 1910. Rebels descended upon Atabak Garden in Tehran to bid farewell to Sattar Khan and Baqir Khan who wer ...

, which resulted in Sattar Khan being shot and injured, he returned to Tabriz with Sattar Khan's permission. In 1912, as a result of the

Russian occupation of Tabriz The Russian occupation of Tabriz lasted from 30 April 1909 until 28 February 1918, with a brief interruption during 6–31 January 1915. V. Minorsky, C. E. Bosworth and Sheila S. Blair, "Tabriz", in C. E. Bosworth (ed.), ''Historic Cities of the ...

and the pressure of the supporters of tyranny, he emigrated to Istanbul, and from there he went to

Berlin Berlin ( , ) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's most populous city, according to population within city limits. One of Germany's sixteen constitue ...

at the invitation of Hassan Taqizadeh and worked in the Committee of Iranian Nationalists. Amirkhizi left for

Baghdad Baghdad (; ar, بَغْدَاد , ) is the capital of Iraq and the second-largest city in the Arab world after Cairo. It is located on the Tigris near the ruins of the ancient city of Babylon and the Sassanid Persian capital of Ctesiphon ...

in 1915 to help the destinations of Nationalists, and after the fall of Baghdad to the British forces, he returned to Istanbul and stayed there for two years. When the Russians left Azerbaijan, Amirkhizi finally returned to Tabriz after 7 years away from home. In 1920, he joined the Ministry of Education and taught at ''"Mahmoudieh"'' High School in Tabriz. During the

Mohammad Khiabani's uprising The Mohammad Khiabani's uprising ( fa, قیام محمد خیابانی) was a liberal and democratic uprising that was started by Mohammad Khiabani against the central government in Iran in April 5, 1920 and was suppressed when he was killed in ...

in 1920, Amirkhizi joined the uprising and became a member of the ''"uprising board of directors"'' at

Mohammad Khiabani Shaikh Mohammad Khiābāni ( fa, شیخ محمد خیابانی, 1880–1920), sometimes spelled Khiyabani, also known as Shaikh Mohammad Khiābāni Tabrizi was an Iranian Shia cleric, political leader, and representative to the parliament. He wa ...

suggestion. He was the one who suggested that the name of Azerbaijan be changed to

Azadistan Azadistan ( fa, آزادستان, Āzādestān, lit=The Land of Freedom), was a short-lived state in Iranian Azerbaijan that lasted from the early 1920 until September 1920. It was established by Mohammad Khiabani, an Iranian patriot, who was a ...

. Amirkhizi was one of Khiabani's supporters and advisers during the uprising (6 April 1920 to 14 September 1920). After the suppression of the uprising and Khiabani's assassination, Amirkhizi suddenly withdrew from politics and turned to cultural affairs. Until 1934, he was in charge of running the ''"Mahmoudieh"'' High School in Tabriz. After that, he was transferred to Tehran and became the director of the Dar ul-Funun high school. In 1942, he returned to Tabriz and became the director of one of

culture centers, but twenty months later he was transferred to Tehran at his own request. In 1946, he was re-elected as the head of the Dar ul-Funun. In 1947, Amirkhizi was elected as high Inspector of the

Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance The Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance ( fa, وزارت فرهنگ و ارشاد اسلامی, ''Vâzart-e Ferheng-e vâ Arshad-e Eslâmi'') ("Ministry of CIG") is the Ministry of Culture of the Islamic Republic of Iran. It is responsible ...

. He retired in July 1949. Mehdi Bayani, Expert in Persian manuscripts (founder of the

National Library of Iran The National Library and Archives of Iran (NLAI) or National Library of the Islamic Republic of Iran is located in Tehran, Iran, with twelve branches across the country. The NLAI is an educational, research, scientific, and service institute aut ...

and professor of

University of Tehran The University of Tehran (Tehran University or UT, fa, دانشگاه تهران) is the most prominent university located in Tehran, Iran. Based on its historical, socio-cultural, and political pedigree, as well as its research and teaching pro ...

), has mentioned Ismail Amirkhizi as one of the calligraphers of

Nastaliq ''Nastaliq'' (; fa, , ), also romanized as ''Nastaʿlīq'', is one of the main calligraphic hands used to write the Perso-Arabic script in the Persian and Urdu languages, often used also for Ottoman Turkish poetry, rarely for Arabic. ''Nast ...

calligraphy Calligraphy (from el, link=y, καλλιγραφία) is a visual art related to writing. It is the design and execution of lettering with a pen, ink brush, or other writing instrument. Contemporary calligraphic practice can be defined as "t ...

and as one of the students of Mirhossein Khoshnevis (a famous calligrapher in Iran).

Death

He died on 16 February 1966 in

, Iran.

Bibliography

Amirkhizi has left some works in the fields of literature and history: * fa, دیوان امیرخیزی, , Diwan of Amirkhizi, 1940–1960 * fa, تصحیح بوستان سعدی, , The first printed version with correction of The Bustan of Saadi Shirazi, 1931 * fa, قطعات منتخبه از نظم و نثر فارسی, , Selected pieces of Persian poetry and prose, 3 volumes, 1931 * fa, تصحیح دیوان عنصری, , Correction and calligraphic of Diwan of Abul Qasim Hasan Unsuri Balkhi * fa, قیام آذربایجان و ستارخان, , Uprising of

and

, 1960 * fa, تاریخ فرهنگ و ادب آذربایجان, , History of culture and literature of

Amirkhizi's articles and poems have been published in various magazines. Some of Amirkhizi's writes published after his death. * fa, اشعار گمشده: دو قصیده از منوچهری دامغانی, , Lost Poems: Two poems by Manuchehri Damghani, article, 1945 * fa, توقیعات کسری انوشیروان, , Anushirvan Kasra's signatures, article, 1955 * fa, آذری طوسی, ,

Azari Tusi Azari-e Tusi ( fa, آذری طوسی) Shaikh Jalaluddini Alii Hamza ibni Malik Hashimii Bayhaqii Isfarainii Marvazi (1380 in Esfarayen – 1462 in Esfarayen) was a Persian poet. Azari-e Tusi lived for a while in Tus. Azari was a poet in Bahmani Su ...

, article, 1964 * fa, جلوس ولیعهد ناصرالدین میرزا در تبریز, , Descension of Crown Prince Nasser ol-Din Mirza in

, article, 1972 * fa, یادداشت‌های امیرخیزی, , Amirkhizi notes, articles, 1972–1975 * fa, نامه حاج میرزا آقاسی به میرزا تقی خان, ,

Haji Mirza Aqasi Haji Mirza Abbas Iravani ( fa, حاجی میرزا عباس ایروانی), better known by his title of Aqasi (; also spelled Aghasi), was an Iranian politician, who served as the grand vizier of the Qajar king (shah) Mohammad Shah Qajar () fr ...

's letter to Mirza Taghi Khan, article, 1973 * fa, خداحافظی و بازگشت امیر کبیر به ایران, , Goodbye and the return of Amir Kabir to

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

, article, 1973 * fa, شورش و غوغای مردم ارزنة الروم, , Uprising and commotion of the people of Erzurum, article, 1973 * fa, سفرنامه امیر خیزی و تقی زاده, , Travelogue of Amirkhizi and Taghizadeh, article, 1974 * fa, سفرنامه تقی زاده و امیرخیزی, , Travelogue of Taghizadeh and Amirkhizi, article, 1974 * fa, انفصال یا عزل کابینه ناصرالملک, , Separation or dismissal of Naser ol-Molk's cabinet, article, 1974 * fa, غزل ارتجالی, , The offhand sonnet, article, 1975 * fa, عدل مظفر, , Adle Muzaffar, article, 1975 * fa, فتح آذربایجان, , Conquest of

, article, 1975 * fa, چهره ی جهان در آینه ی شعر, , The face of the world in the mirror of poetry, article, 2003 * fa, استاد محمّد نخجوانی؛ مقام رفیع, , Master Mohammad Nakhjavani; An eminent person, article, 2006

References

External links

The Provincial Cities in Revolt (ii): Major Abulqasim Lahuti and the Tabriz Insurrection of 1922

Iranian-Russian Encounters: Empires and Revolutions Since 1800

Iran and Russian Imperialism: The Ideal Anarchists, 1800–1914
{{DEFAULTSORT:Amirkhizi, Ismail 1873 births 1966 deaths Persian Constitutional Revolution People of the Persian Constitutional Revolution Calligraphers from Tabriz Qajar dynasty Iranian male writers 19th-century Iranian poets Poets from Tabriz 20th-century Iranian poets

Life and careers

Death

Bibliography

See also

References

External links