This article includes a list of successive Islamic states and

Muslim dynasties This article includes a list of successive Islamic states and Muslim dynasties beginning with the time of the Islamic prophet Muhammad (570–632 CE) and the early Muslim conquests that spread Islam outside of the Arabian Peninsula, and conti ...

beginning with the time of the Islamic prophet Muhammad (570–632 CE) and the

early Muslim conquests The early Muslim conquests or early Islamic conquests ( ar, الْفُتُوحَاتُ الإسْلَامِيَّة, ), also referred to as the Arab conquests, were initiated in the 7th century by Muhammad, the main Islamic prophet. He estab ...

that spread Islam outside of the Arabian Peninsula, and continuing through to the present day. The first-ever establishment of an Islamic polity goes back to the Islamic State of Medina, which was established by Muhammad in the city of

Medina Medina,, ', "the radiant city"; or , ', (), "the city" officially Al Madinah Al Munawwarah (, , Turkish: Medine-i Münevvere) and also commonly simplified as Madīnah or Madinah (, ), is the second-holiest city in Islam, and the capital of the ...

in 622 CE. Following his death in 632 CE, his immediate successors established the Rashidun Caliphate, which was further succeeded by the

Umayyad Caliphate The Umayyad Caliphate (661–750 CE; , ; ar, ٱلْخِلَافَة ٱلْأُمَوِيَّة, al-Khilāfah al-ʾUmawīyah) was the second of the four major caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. The caliphate was ruled by th ...

and later the

Abbasid Caliphate The Abbasid Caliphate ( or ; ar, الْخِلَافَةُ الْعَبَّاسِيَّة, ') was the third caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It was founded by a dynasty descended from Muhammad's uncle, Abbas ibn Abdul-Muttalib ...

. While the primary

caliphates A caliphate or khilāfah ( ar, خِلَافَة, ) is an institution or public office under the leadership of an Islamic steward with the title of caliph (; ar, خَلِيفَة , ), a person considered a political-religious successor to th ...

gradually fractured and fell, other Muslim dynasties rose; some of these dynasties established notable and prominent Islamic empires, such as the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...

centered around

Anatolia Anatolia, tr, Anadolu Yarımadası), and the Anatolian plateau, also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula in Western Asia and the westernmost protrusion of the Asian continent. It constitutes the major part of modern-day Turkey. The ...

, the Safavid Empire of

Persia Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

, and the

Mughal Empire The Mughal Empire was an early-modern empire that controlled much of South Asia between the 16th and 19th centuries. Quote: "Although the first two Timurid emperors and many of their noblemen were recent migrants to the subcontinent, the d ...

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...

Middle East and North Africa

Mesopotamia and Levant (Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Syria)

Umayyad caliphate The Umayyad Caliphate (661–750 CE; , ; ar, ٱلْخِلَافَة ٱلْأُمَوِيَّة, al-Khilāfah al-ʾUmawīyah) was the second of the four major caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. The caliphate was ruled by th ...

(661–750, based in Damascus) *

Abbasid caliphate The Abbasid Caliphate ( or ; ar, الْخِلَافَةُ الْعَبَّاسِيَّة, ') was the third caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It was founded by a dynasty descended from Muhammad's uncle, Abbas ibn Abdul-Muttalib ...

(750–1258, based in

Baghdad Baghdad (; ar, بَغْدَاد , ) is the capital of Iraq and the second-largest city in the Arab world after Cairo. It is located on the Tigris near the ruins of the ancient city of Babylon and the Sassanid Persian capital of Ctesiphon. I ...

) * Ayyubid dynasty (1171–1341, based in Damascus and Aleppo) *

Zengid dynasty The Zengid dynasty was a Muslim dynasty of Oghuz Turkic origin, which ruled parts of the Levant and Upper Mesopotamia on behalf of the Seljuk Empire and eventually seized control of Egypt in 1169. In 1174 the Zengid state extended from Tripol ...

(1127–1250, based in Aleppo) *

Burid dynasty The Burid dynasty was a dynasty of Turkish origin ''Burids'', R. LeTourneau, The Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. I, ed. H.A.R. Gibb, J.H. Kramers, É. Lévi-Provençal and J. Schacht, (Brill, 1986), 1332. which ruled over the Emirate of Damascus i ...

(1104–1154) *

Hamdanid dynasty The Hamdanid dynasty ( ar, الحمدانيون, al-Ḥamdāniyyūn) was a Twelver Shia Arab dynasty of Northern Mesopotamia and Syria (890–1004). They descended from the ancient Banu Taghlib Christian tribe of Mesopotamia and Eastern A ...

(890–1004, based in Aleppo) *

Uqaylid dynasty The Uqaylid dynasty () was a Shia Arab dynasty with several lines that ruled in various parts of Al-Jazira, northern Syria and Iraq in the late tenth and eleventh centuries. The main line, centered in Mosul, ruled from 990 to 1096. History Rise ...

(990–1096; Syria, Iraq) *

Bani Assad Banu Asad ibn Khuzaymah ( ar, ابن أسد بن خزيمة ) is an Arab tribe. They are Adnanite Arabs, powerful and one of the most famous tribes. They are widely respected by many Arab tribes, respected by Shia Muslims because they have burie ...

(990–1081, Iraq) * Numayrid (990–1081; Syria, Turkey) *

Marwanid The Marwanids or Dustakids (983/990-1085, ) were a Kurdish Sunni Muslim dynasty in the Diyar Bakr region of Upper Mesopotamia (present day northern Iraq/southeastern Turkey) and Armenia, centered on the city of Amid (Diyarbakır). Territory ...

(983–1085; Syria, Turkey, Armenia, Iraq) *

Mirdasid dynasty The Mirdasid dynasty ( ar, المرداسيون, al-Mirdāsiyyīn), also called the Banu Mirdas, was an Arab dynasty which ruled an Aleppo-based emirate in northern Syria and the western Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia) more or less continuously f ...

(1024–1080, Syria) * Artuqids (1101–1409; Syria, Turkey, Iraq) *

Baban Baban () was a Kurdish principality existing from the 16th century to 1850, centered around Sulaymaniyah. The Baban principality played an active role in the Ottoman-Safavid conflict and gave significant military support to the Ottomans. They were ...

(1649–1851, Iraq) * Soran (1816–1835, Iraq) * Emirate of Hakkari (1380s–1845; Turkey, Syria) *

Bahdinan Bahdinan or Badinan was one of the most powerful and enduring Kurdish principalities. It was founded by ''Baha-al-Din'' originally from ''Şemzînan'' area in Hakkari in sometime between 13th or 14th century CE. The capital of this emirate wa ...

(1339–1843, Iraq) *

Bohtan Bohtan (also Buhtan, ''Bokhti'') was a medieval Kurdish principality in the Ottoman Empire centered on the town of Jazirah ibn 'Omar (modern Cizre also known as ''Cizîra Botan'' (''Jazira Botan'') in southeastern Anatolia. Bohtanis were an a ...

(1330–1855) *

Principality of Bitlis The Principality of Bitlis, also known as the Bitlis Khanate and the Bitlis Emirate (1182–early 19th century) was a Kurdish principality originated from the ''Rojaki'' (or ''Rozagi'') tribal confederation. The Rojaki defeated the Georgian Kin ...

(1182–1847) *

Hadhabani Hadhabani (also: ''Hadhbani'') ( ku, ھەزەبانی ,Hecbanî) was a large medieval Sunni Muslim Kurdish tribe divided into several groups, centered at Arbil, Ushnu and Urmia. Their dominion included surrounding areas of Maragha and Urmia to th ...

(906–1070) *

Mukriyan Mukriyan () or 'Deryaz' was a Kurdish principality from the late 14th century to the 19th century centered around Mahabad. Mukriyan was a neighbor to the Emirate of Bradost. Geography and tribes Mukriyan encompassed the area south of Lake ...

(1050–1500) *

Qarghuyah Qarghuyah or Qarquya was an important Arab administrator in the Hamdanid Dynasty under Sayf al-Dawla, who would go on to control Aleppo himself and even sign the Treaty of Safar with the Byzantine Empire as the ruling emir of Aleppo. On January 7 ...

Emirate of Aleppo )), is an adjective which means "white-colored mixed with black". , motto = , image_map = , mapsize = , map_caption = , image_map1 = ...

(969–977) *

Nizari Ismaili state The Nizari state (the Alamut state) was a Shia Nizari Ismaili state founded by Hassan-i Sabbah after he took control of the Alamut Castle in 1090 AD, which marked the beginning of an era of Ismailism known as the "Alamut period". Their people we ...

(1090–1256; Iraq, Iran, Syria) *

Emirate of Aleppo )), is an adjective which means "white-colored mixed with black". , motto = , image_map = , mapsize = , map_caption = , image_map1 = ...

, Lulu' dynasty (1004–1016) *

Assaf dynasty The Assaf dynasty (also called Banu Assaf) were a Sunni Muslim and ethnic Turkmen dynasty of chieftains based in the Keserwan region of Mount Lebanon in the 14th–16th centuries. They came to the area in 1306 after being assigned by the Bahri ...

(1306–1591, Lebanon) *

Harfush dynasty The Harfush dynasty (or Harfouche, Harfouch, or most commonly spelled Harfoush dynasty, all varying transcriptions of the same Arabic family name حرفوش) was a dynasty that descended from the Khuza'a tribe, which helped, during the reign of ...

(1517–1865, Lebanon, Syria) *

Mamluk dynasty of Iraq The Mamluk dynasty of Mesopotamia ( ar, مماليك العراق, Mamālīk al-ʻIrāq) was a dynasty of Georgian Mamluk origin which ruled over Iraq in the 18th and early 19th centuries. In the Ottoman Empire, Mamluks were freed slaves who ...

(1734–1831) *

Emirate of Mosul This is a list of the rulers of the Iraqi city of Mosul. Umayyad governors * Muhammad ibn Marwan (ca. 685–705) * Yusuf ibn Yahya ibn al-Hakam (ca. 685–705) * Sa'id ibn Abd al-Malik (ca. 685–705) * Yahya ibn Yahya al-Ghassani (719–720) ...

(905–1096, 1127–1222, 1254–1383, 1758–1918) *

Emirate of Transjordan The Emirate of Transjordan ( ar, إمارة شرق الأردن, Imārat Sharq al-Urdun, Emirate of East Jordan), officially known as the Amirate of Trans-Jordan, was a British protectorate established on 11 April 1921,

(1921–1946; Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Iraq) *

Arab Kingdom of Syria The Arabs (singular: Arab; singular ar, عَرَبِيٌّ, DIN 31635: , , plural ar, عَرَب, DIN 31635: , Arabic pronunciation: ), also known as the Arab people, are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in Western Asia, No ...

(1920) * Kingdom of Iraq (1921–1958) *

Kingdom of Jordan Jordan ( ar, الأردن; tr. ' ), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan,; tr. ' is a country in Western Asia. It is situated at the crossroads of Asia, Africa, and Europe, within the Levant region, on the East Bank of the Jordan River ...

(1921–present)

Arabian Peninsula and Persian Gulf

Saudi Arabia * Rashidun Caliphate (632-661) *

Emirate of Mecca The Sharifate of Mecca () or Emirate of Mecca was a state, non-sovereign for much of its existence, ruled by the Sharifs of Mecca. A sharif is a descendant of Hasan ibn Ali, Muhammad's grandson. In Western sources, the prince of Mecca was known ...

(1916–1924) Saudi State *

Emirate of Riyadh The Emirate of Riyadh Madawi Al-Rasheed. ''A History of Saudi Arabia''. Cambridge, England, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Pp. 40. was the first iteration of the Third Saudi State from 1902 to 1913. J. A. Hammerton. ''Peoples Of All Natio ...

(1903-1918) Saudi State * Manfuha Sheikhdom (1682–1834) * Abu Arish Sheikhdom (1200–1863) * Al Bir Sheikhdom (1600–1850) * Al Rawdah Sheikhdom (1697–1790) * Al-Kharj Emirate (1688–1865) * Unaizah Emirate (1768–1904) * Buraidah Emirate (1768–1913) * Awdah Sheikhdom (1700–1790) * Jalajil Sheikhdom (1762–1831) * Harmah Sheikhdom (1700–1779) * Al Majma'ah Sheikhdom (1758–1908) * Shaqraa Sheikhdom (1803–1834) * Mutayr Sheikhdom (1872–1903) * 'Asir Sheikhdom (983–1003, 1728–1863) * Sheikdom of Upper Asir (1802–1923) * Sheikhdom of Lower 'Asir (1830–1930) * Principality of Najran (1633–1934) * 'Uyayna Sheikhdom (1446–1768) * Dhurma Sheikhdom (1600–1757) * Gatgat Sultanate (1900–1924) * Al Murrah Emirate (1900–1917) *

Emirate of Diriyah The Emirate of Diriyah (), also known as the First Saudi State, was established in February 1727 (1139 Hijri year, AH). In 1744, the emir of Najdi town called Diriyah Muhammad bin Saud and the religious leader Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab formed a ...

(1744–1818) (First Saudi State) * Emirate of Nejd (1818–1891) (Second Saudi State) * Emirate of Nejd and Hasa (1902–1921) (Third Saudi State) *

Sharifate of Mecca The Sharifate of Mecca () or Emirate of Mecca was a state, non-sovereign for much of its existence, ruled by the Sharifs of Mecca. A sharif is a descendant of Hasan ibn Ali, Muhammad's grandson. In Western sources, the prince of Mecca was known ...

(968–1925) *

Emirate of Jabal Shammar The Emirate of Jabal Shammar ( ar, إِمَارَة جَبَل شَمَّر), also known as the Emirate of Haʾil () or the Rashidi Emirate (), was a state in the northern part of the Arabian Peninsula, including Najd, existing from the mid-nin ...

(1836–1921) *

Sultanate of Nejd The Sultanate of Nejd ( ar, سلطنة نجد, ') was the third iteration of the Third Saudi State, from 1921 to 1926. It was a monarchy led by the House of Saud. This version of the Third Saudi State was created when Abdul Aziz ibn Saud, Emi ...

(1921–1926) * Idrisid Emirate of Asir (1909–1930) * Kingdom of Hejaz (1916–1925) *

Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd The Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd ( ar, مملكة الحجاز ونجد, '), initially the Kingdom of Hejaz and Sultanate of Nejd (, '), was a dual monarchy ruled by Abdulaziz following the victory of the Saudi Sultanate of Nejd over the Hashemite ...

(1926–1932) * Bani Khalid (1669–1796) * House of Saud (1744–present) Bahrain * Qarmatians (899–1077) * Uyunid Kingdom (1076–1253) *

Usfurid The Usfurids ( ar, آل عصفور, Al ʿUṣfūr) were an Arab dynasty that in 1253 gained control of Eastern Arabia, including the islands of Bahrain. They were a branch of Uqaylids who re-migrated to Arabia after the fall of their rule in Syr ...

(1253–1320) *

Jarwanid The Jarwanid dynasty () was an Arab dynasty that ruled Eastern Arabia in the 14th century. History The Jarwanids belonged to the clan of Bani Malik. It is disputed whether they belonged to the Banu Uqayl—the tribe of their predecessors the Usf ...

(1305–1487) *

Jabrids The Jabrids ( ar, الجبريون, al-Jabrīyūn) or Banu Jabr were an Arab dynasty that ruled all of Arabia except for Hejaz and Yemen, and expanded into Iran's southern coast, controlling the Strait of Hormuz Prominence Their most prominent ru ...

(1480–1570) * Bani Khalid (1669–1796) *

House of Khalifa The House of Khalifa ( ar, آل خليفة, translit=Āl Khalīfah) is the ruling family of the Kingdom of Bahrain. The Al Khalifas profess Sunni Islam and belong to the Anizah tribe, some members of this tribe joined the Utub alliance which m ...

(1783–present) Qatar *

House of Thani The House of Thani ( ar, الثاني , translit=Al Thani) is the ruling family of Qatar, with origins tracing back to the Banu Tamim tribal confederation. History and structure The Al Thanis can be traced back to Mudar bin Nizar. The tribe ...

(1825–present) Kuwait *

House of Al-Sabah The House of Sabah ( ar, آل صباح ''Āl Ṣubāḥ'') is the ruling family of Kuwait. History Origin The Al Sabah family originate from the Bani Utbah confederation. Prior to settling in Kuwait, the Al Sabah family were expelled from Umm ...

(1752–present) United Arab Emirates *

Emirate of Abu Dhabi The Emirate of Abu Dhabi (, , or ; ar, إِمَارَةْ أَبُوظَبِي , ) is one of seven emirates that constitute the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It is by far the largest emirate, accounting for 87% of the nation's total land area o ...

(1761–present) *

Emirate of Ajman The Emirate of Ajman ( ar, إمارة عجمان; ) (Gulf Arabic: إمارة عيمان emāratʿymān) is one of the seven emirates of the United Arab Emirates. It joined the United Arab Emirates federation on December 2, 1971. It has an ar ...

(1816–present) *

Emirate of Dubai The Emirate of Dubai ( ar, إمارة دبيّ; pr. ) is one of the seven emirates of the United Arab Emirates. It is the most populous emirate of the UAE. The capital of the emirate is the eponymous city, Dubai. Geography The city of Dubai i ...

(1833–present) *

Emirate of Fujairah The Emirate of Fujairah ( ar, إِمَـارَة ٱلْفُجَيْرَة ' ) is one of the seven emirates that make up the United Arab Emirates. The only of the seven with a coastline solely on the Gulf of Oman and none on the Persian Gulf, ...

(1876–present) *

Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah Ras Al Khaimah (RAK) ( ar, رأس الخيمة; ) is one of the seven emirates that make up the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The city of Ras Al Khaimah, abbreviated to RAK or RAK City, is the capital of the emirate and home to most of the emi ...

(1727–present) *

Emirate of Sharjah The Emirate of Sharjah (; ar, إِمَارَة ٱلشَّارِقَة ') is one of the emirates of the United Arab Emirates, which covers and has a population of over 1,400,000 (2015). It comprises the capital city of Sharjah, after which it ...

(1803–present) *

Emirate of Umm Al Quwain The Emirate of Umm Al Quwain (UAQ; ar, أم القيوين; ) is one of the seven constituent emirates of the United Arab Emirates, located in the north of the country. It is the second smallest and least populous emirate in the UAE and bord ...

(1775–present) *

Dibba Dibbā ( ar, دِبَّا) is a coastal area at the northern tip of the eastern Arabian peninsula on the Gulf of Oman. Political administration Dibba is politically divided into three segments: * Dibba Al-Fujairah, ruled by the Emirate of Fu ...

(1871–1953) * Hamriyya (1875–1922) *

Hira Hira may refer to: Places * Cave of Hira, a cave associated with Muhammad *Al-Hirah, an ancient Arab city in Iraq ** Battle of Hira, 633AD, between the Sassanians and the Rashidun Caliphate *Hira Mountains, Japan * Hira, New Zealand, settlement no ...

(1915–1942) *

Kalba Kalba () is a city in the Emirate of Sharjah in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It is an exclave of Sharjah lying on the Gulf of Oman coast north of Oman. Khor Kalba (Kalba Creek), an important nature reserve and mangrove swamp, is located south ...

(1871–1952) Oman * Sultanate of Zafar (1421–1975) *

Imamate of Oman The Imamate of Oman ( ar, إِمَامَة عُمَان, Imāmat ʿUmān, links=no) refers to a historical state within the ''Oman proper'' ( ar, عُمَان ٱلْوُسْطَى, ʿUmān al-Wusṭā) in the present-day Al Hajar Mountains in ...

(750–1696) *

Omani Empire The Omani Empire ( ar, الإمبراطورية العُمانية) was a maritime empire, vying with Portugal and Britain for trade and influence in the Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean. At its peak in the 19th century, Omani influence or control ...

(1696–1856) * Sultanate of Muscat and Oman (1820–1970) *

Sultanate of Oman Oman ( ; ar, عُمَان ' ), officially the Sultanate of Oman ( ar, سلْطنةُ عُمان ), is an Arabian country located in southwestern Asia. It is situated on the southeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula, and spans the mouth of t ...

(1970–present) Yemen * Banu Ukhaidhir (865–1066) * Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen (1918-1970) *

Zurayids The Zurayids (بنو زريع, Banū Zuraiʿ), were a Yamite Hamdani dynasty based in Yemen in the time between 1083 and 1174. The centre of its power was Aden. The Zurayids suffered the same fate as the Hamdanid sultans, the Sulaymanids and ...

(1083-1174) *

Hamdanids The Hamdanid dynasty ( ar, الحمدانيون, al-Ḥamdāniyyūn) was a Twelver Shia Arab dynasty of Northern Mesopotamia and Syria (890–1004). They descended from the ancient Banu Taghlib Christian tribe of Mesopotamia and Eastern A ...

(1099-1174) *

Sulaymanids The Sulaymanids () were a sharif dynasty from the line of the Muhammad's grandson Hasan bin Ali which ruled around 1063–1174. Their centre of power lay in Jazan in currently Saudi Arabia, Southern Arabia back then since 1020 where they soon a ...

(1063-1174) *

Mahdids The Mahdids ( ar, بني مهدي, Banī Mahdī) were a Himyarite dynasty in Yemen who briefly held power in the period between 1159 and 1174. Conquest of the Tihama Their name is derived from their first ruler Ali bin Mahdi who was born in Ti ...

(1159-1174) *

Sulayhid dynasty The Sulayhid dynasty ( ar, بَنُو صُلَيْح, Banū Ṣulayḥ, lit=Children of Sulayh) was an Ismaili Shi'ite Arab dynasty established in 1047 by Ali ibn Muhammad al-Sulayhi that ruled most of historical Yemen at its peak. The Sulayh ...

(1047-1138) *

Rassids The Imams of Yemen and later also the Kings of Yemen were religiously consecrated leaders belonging to the Zaidiyyah branch of Shia Islam. They established a blend of religious and political rule in parts of Yemen from 897. Their imamate endured ...

Yemen Yemen (; ar, ٱلْيَمَن, al-Yaman), officially the Republic of Yemen,, ) is a country in Western Asia. It is situated on the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula, and borders Saudi Arabia to the Saudi Arabia–Yemen border, north and ...

(897-1962) *

Rasulid The Rasulids ( ar, بنو رسول, Banū Rasūl) were a Sunni Muslim dynasty who ruled Yemen from 1229 to 1454. History Origin of the Rasulids The Rasulids took their name from al-Amin's nickname "Rasul". The Zaidi Shi'i Imams of Yemen we ...

(1229-1454) *

Najahid dynasty Najahid dynasty ( ar, بنو نجاح; Banū Najāḥ) was a slave dynasty of Abyssinian origin founded in Zabid in the Tihama (lowlands) region of Yemen around 1050 AD. They faced hostilities from the Highlands dynasties of the time, chiefly ...

(1022-1158) *

Ziyadid dynasty The Ziyadid dynasty () was a Muslim dynasty that ruled western Yemen from 819 until 1018 from the capital city of Zabid. It was the first dynastic regime to wield power over the Yemeni lowland after the introduction of Islam in about 630. The ...

(819-856) *

Tahirid dynasty The Tahirid dynasty ( fa, طاهریان, Tâheriyân, ) was a culturally Arabized Sunni Muslim dynasty of Persian dehqan origin, that ruled as governors of Khorasan from 821 to 873 as well as serving as military and security commanders in A ...

(1454-1517) * Bani Ukhaidhir (865-1066) * Yufirids (847-997) * Yemeni Zaidi State (1547-1849) *

Alawi Sheikhdom The Alawi Sheikhdom ( ar, مشيخة العلوي '), or Alawi ( ar, علوي ') — was a Sheikhdom located in the Aden region of southwestern Yemen. Its capital was Al Qasha. The state was abolished in 1967 with the independence of the People ...

(1743-1967) * Aqrabi Sheikhdom (1770-1967) * Audhali Sultanate (1750-1970) * Lower Aulaqi Sultanate (1700-1967) * Upper Aulaqi Sheikhdom (1750-1967) * Upper Aulaqi Sultanate (1700-1967) * Beihan Emirate (1680-1967) * Sheikhdom of al-Hawra (1858-1967) *

Emirate of Dhala Dhala or Dhali` ( '), Amiri ( '), or the Emirate of Dhala ( ') was a state in the British Aden Protectorate, the Federation of Arab Emirates of the South, and its successor, the Federation of South Arabia. Its capital was Dhala (Ad Dali'). Histor ...

(1750-1967) * Dathina Sheikhdom (1947-1967) *

Fadhli Sultanate Fadhli ( ar, فضلي '), or the Fadhli Sultanate ( ar, السلطنة الفضلية '), was an independent sultanate on the southern coast of the Arabian Peninsula from the 17th century until 1967.

(1670-1967) * Sultanate of Haushabi (1730-1967) *

Lahej Sultanate Lahej ( ar, لحج '), the Sultanate of Lahej ( ar, سلطنة لحج '), or, sometimes, the Abdali Sultanate ( ar, سلطنة العبدلي '')'', was a Sheikdom based in Lahij in Southern Arabia. The Sultanate became self-ruling in 1728 and ga ...

(1728-1967) * Maflahi Sheikhdom (1850-1967) * Sheikhdom of Shaib (1850-1967) * Sultanate of Lower Yafa (1681-1967) * Sultanate of Upper Yafa (1800-1967) * Sheikhdom Al-Dhubi (1750-1967) * Hadrami Sheikhdom (1820-1967) * Emirate of Mawsata (1780-1967) * Sheikhdom of al-Irqa (1800-1967) *

Mahra Sultanate The Mahra Sultanate, known in its later years as the Mahra State of Qishn and Socotra ( ar, الدولة المهرية للبر وسقطرى ') or sometimes the Mahra Sultanate of Ghayda and Socotra ( ar, سلطنة المهرة في الغيض� ...

(1432–1967) * Kathiri Sultanate (1395-1967) * Tarim

Sultanate This article includes a list of successive Islamic states and Muslim dynasties beginning with the time of the Islamic prophet Muhammad (570–632 CE) and the early Muslim conquests that spread Islam outside of the Arabian Peninsula, and continuin ...

(1916-1945) * Qu'aiti Sultanate (1858-1967) *

Ash Shihr Ash-Shihr ( ar, ٱلشِّحْر, al-Shiḥr), also known as al-Shir or simply Shihr, is a coastal town in Hadhramaut, eastern Yemen. Ash-Shihr is a walled town located on a sandy beach. There is an anchorage but no docks; boats are used. The mai ...

(1752-1858) * Al Mukalla (1707-1881) Regional *

Tulunids The Tulunids (), were a Mamluk dynasty of Turkic origin who were the first independent dynasty to rule Egypt, as well as much of Syria, since the Ptolemaic dynasty. They were independent from 868, when they broke away from the central authority ...

(868–905; Egypt, Syria) *

(897–1962) * Qarmatian Kingdom (899–976) *

(968–1925) * Ayyubid Dynasty (1171–1260) *

Rasulids The Rasulids ( ar, بنو رسول, Banū Rasūl) were a Sunni Muslim dynasty who ruled Yemen from 1229 to 1454. History Origin of the Rasulids The Rasulids took their name from al-Amin's nickname "Rasul". The Zaidi Shi'i Imams of Yemen were ...

(1229–1454) * Mamluk Dynasty (1250–1517) *

Omani Sultanate Oman ( ; ar, عُمَان ' ), officially the Sultanate of Oman ( ar, سلْطنةُ عُمان ), is an Arabian country located in southwestern Asia. It is situated on the southeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula, and spans the mouth of t ...

(1696–1856) * Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (1932–present)

North Africa (Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia)

Rustamid dynasty The Rustamid dynasty () (or ''Rustumids'', ''Rostemids'') was a ruling house of Ibāḍī imāms of Persian descent centered in Algeria. The dynasty governed as a Muslim theocracy for a century and a half from its capital Tiaret (present day T ...

(777–909) *

Aghlabid dynasty The Aghlabids ( ar, الأغالبة) were an Arab dynasty of emirs from the Najdi tribe of Banu Tamim, who ruled Ifriqiya and parts of Southern Italy, Sicily, and possibly Sardinia, nominally on behalf of the Abbasid Caliph, for about a cent ...

(800–909; Ifriqiya, Tunisia, East-Algeria, West-Libya, Sicily) *

Fatimid dynasty The Fatimid dynasty () was an Isma'ili Shi'a dynasty of Arab descent that ruled an extensive empire, the Fatimid Caliphate, between 909 and 1171 CE. Claiming descent from Fatima and Ali, they also held the Isma'ili imamate, claiming to be the r ...

(909–1171; North Africa, Middle East) *

Zirid dynasty The Zirid dynasty ( ar, الزيريون, translit=az-zīriyyūn), Banu Ziri ( ar, بنو زيري, translit=banū zīrī), or the Zirid state ( ar, الدولة الزيرية, translit=ad-dawla az-zīriyya) was a Sanhaja Berber dynasty from m ...

(972–1148) *

Almoravid dynasty The Almoravid dynasty ( ar, المرابطون, translit=Al-Murābiṭūn, lit=those from the ribats) was an imperial Berber Muslim dynasty centered in the territory of present-day Morocco. It established an empire in the 11th century tha ...

(1040–1147; Maghreb, Spain) *

Almohad dynasty The Almohad Caliphate (; ar, خِلَافَةُ ٱلْمُوَحِّدِينَ or or from ar, ٱلْمُوَحِّدُونَ, translit=al-Muwaḥḥidūn, lit=those who profess the unity of God) was a North African Berber Muslim empire fou ...

(1121–1269) * Ayyubid dynasty (1171–1254) * Hafsid dynasty (1229–1574) *

Nasrid dynasty The Nasrid dynasty ( ar, بنو نصر ''banū Naṣr'' or ''banū al-Aḥmar''; Spanish: ''Nazarí'') was the last Muslim dynasty in the Iberian Peninsula, ruling the Emirate of Granada from 1230 until 1492. Its members claimed to be of Arab ...

(1232–1492; Granada,

Ceuta Ceuta (, , ; ar, سَبْتَة, Sabtah) is a Spanish autonomous city on the north coast of Africa. Bordered by Morocco, it lies along the boundary between the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. It is one of several Spanish territorie ...

) * Marinid dynasty (1244–1465) * Abbasid Caliph (1250–1517; North Africa, Middle East) under Mamluk Sultanate of Cairo *

Wattasid dynasty The Wattasid dynasty ( ber, Iweṭṭasen; ar, الوطاسيون, ''al-waṭṭāsīyūn'') was a ruling dynasty of Morocco. Like the Marinid dynasty, its rulers were of Zenata Berber descent. The two families were related, and the Marinids re ...

(1472–1554) *

Saadi dynasty The Saadi Sultanate (also rendered in English as Sa'di, Sa'did, Sa'dian, or Saadian; ar, السعديون, translit=as-saʿdiyyūn) was a state which ruled present-day Morocco and parts of West Africa in the 16th and 17th centuries. It was l ...

(1511–1628) *

Alaouite dynasty The Alawi dynasty ( ar, سلالة العلويين الفيلاليين, translit=sulālat al-ʿalawiyyīn al-fīlāliyyīn) – also rendered in English as Alaouite, Alawid, or Alawite – is the current Moroccan royal family and reigning ...

(1631–present) Algeria *

Emirate of Tlemcen The Ifranid Emirate of Tlemcen or Ifranid Kingdom of Tlemcen, was a Kharijite state, founded by Berbers of the Banu Ifran in the eighth century, with its capital at Tlemcen in modern Algeria. Background After the Muslim conquest of the ...

(736–790) *

Emirate of Cordoba An emirate is a territory ruled by an emir, a title used by monarchs or high officeholders in the Muslim world. From a historical point of view, an emirate is a political-religious unit smaller than a caliphate. It can be considered equivalen ...

(756-929) *

(777–909) *

Banu Ifran The Banu Ifran ( ar, بنو يفرن, ''Banu Yafran'') or Ifranids, were a Zenata Berber tribe prominent in the history of pre-Islamic and early Islamic North Africa. In the 8th century, they established a kingdom in the central Maghreb, with ...

(830–1040) *

(909–1171) *

(972–1148) * Confederation of Banu Mzab (1012–1882) *

Hammadid dynasty The Hammadid dynasty () was a branch of the Sanhaja Berber dynasty that ruled an area roughly corresponding to north-eastern modern Algeria between 1008 and 1152. The state reached its peak under Nasir ibn Alnas during which it was briefly the m ...

(1014–1152) *

(1121–1269) *

Kingdom of Tlemcen The Kingdom of Tlemcen or Zayyanid Kingdom of Tlemcen ( ar, الزيانيون) was a Berber kingdom in what is now the northwest of Algeria. Its territory stretched from Tlemcen to the Chelif bend and Algiers, and at its zenith reached Sijil ...

(1235–1556) * Hafsid Emirate of Be’jaîa (1285-1510) *

Zab Emirate The Zab Emirate ( ar, امارة الزاب) was an emirate that ruled Biskra and the surrounding oases in the Zab region under the Banu Muzni family from mid 14th century to 1402 in the highlands and desert fringes of what is today eastern Algeria ...

(1402) *

Sultanate of Tuggurt The Sultanate of Tuggurt was a state that extended over Tuggurt, the oases of the neighbouring region and the Oued Righ valley between the fifteenth century and 1881. It was governed by sultans of the Banu Djellab dynasty. Background The cit ...

(1414–1854) *

Kingdom of Ait Abbas The Kingdom of the Ait Abbas or Sultanate of the Beni Abbas ( ber, translit=tagelda n At Ɛebbas, ⵜⴰⴳⴻⵍⴷⴰ ⵏ ⴰⵜ ⵄⴻⴱⴱⴰⵙ; ar, سلطنة بني عباس ''salṭanat Beni Ɛabbas'') was a Kabyle, Berber state of Nor ...

(1510–1872) *

Kingdom of Kuku The Kingdom of Kuku (''Kingdom of Koukou'') was a Kabyle Berber Berber or Berbers may refer to: Ethnic group * Berbers, an ethnic group native to Northern Africa * Berber languages, a family of Afro-Asiatic languages Places * Berber, Sudan, ...

(1515–1638) * Kingdom of Algiers (1515–1837) *

Emirate of Abdelkader The Emirate of Mascara, Emirate of Abd al-Qadir, or the Resistance of Mascara, was founded by Abd al-Qadir al-Jazairi with the allegiance of the people of Algeria to resist the French conquest of Algeria with its first capital at Mascara the ...

(1832–1847) *

Zenata Kingdoms The Zenata (Berber language: Iznaten) are a group of Amazigh (Berber) tribes, historically one of the largest Berber confederations along with the Sanhaja and Masmuda. Their lifestyle was either nomadic or semi-nomadic. Etymology ''Iznaten (ⵉ ...

Egypt *

(868–905) *

(909-1171) *

Ikhshidids The Ikhshidid dynasty (, ) was a Turkic mamluk dynasty who ruled Egypt and the Levant from 935 to 969. Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid, a Turkic mamluk soldier, was appointed governor by the Abbasid Caliph al-Radi. The dynasty carried the Arabic t ...

(935–969) *

Banu Kanz Banu Kanz (), also known as Awlad Kanz, was a semi-nomadic Muslim dynasty of Arab descent that ruled the border region between Upper Egypt and Nubia between the 10th and 15th centuries. They were descended from the sons of sheikhs of the Arab Banu ...

(1004–1412) * Ayyubid dynasty (1171–1254) * Mamluk dynasty (1250–1517) * Abbasid Caliph (1250–1517) under Mamluk Sultanate of Cairo *

Khedivate of Egypt The Khedivate of Egypt ( or , ; ota, خدیویت مصر ') was an autonomous tributary state of the Ottoman Empire, established and ruled by the Muhammad Ali Dynasty following the defeat and expulsion of Napoleon Bonaparte's forces which br ...

(1867–1914) *

Sultanate of Egypt The Sultanate of Egypt () was the short-lived protectorate that the United Kingdom imposed over Egypt between 1914 and 1922. History Soon after the start of the First World War, Khedive Abbas II of Egypt was removed from power by the British ...

(1914–1922) *

Kingdom of Egypt The Kingdom of Egypt ( ar, المملكة المصرية, Al-Mamlaka Al-Miṣreyya, The Egyptian Kingdom) was the legal form of the Egyptian state during the latter period of the Muhammad Ali dynasty's reign, from the United Kingdom's recog ...

(1922–1953) Tunisia *

(800–909) * Khurasanid dynasty (1059–1158) * Hafsid Kingdom (1229–1574) * Hafsid Kingdom of Béjaïa *

Beylik of Tunis The Beylik of Tunis (), also known as Kingdom of Tunis ( ar, المملكة التونسية) was a largely autonomous beylik of the Ottoman Empire located in present-day Tunisia. It was ruled by the Husainid dynasty from 1705 until the abolit ...

(1573–1613) *

Muradid dynasty The Muradid dynasty was a dynasty of beys that ruled Tunisia from 1613 to 1702. They were succeeded in 1705 by the Husainid dynasty. History The dynasty was founded by Murad I Bey, a janissary of Corsican origin. Ramdan Bey, ruler of Tunis, had ...

(1613–1705) * Husaynid dynasty (1705–1956) *

Kingdom of Tunisia The Kingdom of Tunisia (french: Royaume de Tunisie; ar, المملكة التونسية ') was a short-lived country established as a monarchy on 20 March 1956 after Tunisian independence and the end of the French protectorate period. It appear ...

(1956–1957) Morocco *

Emirate of Nekor The Emirate of Nekor ( ar, إمارة بني صالح ''ʾImārat Banī Ṣāliḥ'') was an emirate centered in the Rif area of present-day Morocco. Its capital was initially located at Temsaman, and then moved to Nekor. The dynasty was of Himy ...

(710–1019) * Emirate of Sijilmasa (758–1055) *

Muhallabids The Muhallabids () or the Muhallabid dynasty were an Arab family who became prominent in the middle Umayyad Caliphate and reached its greatest eminence during the early Abbasids, when members of the family ruled Basra and Ifriqiya. The founders of ...

(771–793, Ifriqiya) *

Idrisid dynasty The Idrisid dynasty or Idrisids ( ar, الأدارسة ') were an Arab Muslim dynasty from 788 to 974, ruling most of present-day Morocco and parts of present-day western Algeria. Named after the founder, Idris I, the Idrisids were an Alid an ...

(788–974) *

(1040–1147) *

(1121–1269 CE) *

Marinid Sultanate The Marinid Sultanate was a Berber Muslim empire from the mid-13th to the 15th century which controlled present-day Morocco and, intermittently, other parts of North Africa (Algeria and Tunisia) and of the southern Iberian Peninsula (Spain) ar ...

(1244-1465, Maghreb) *

(1472–1554) *

Saadi Sultanate The Saadi Sultanate (also rendered in English as Sa'di, Sa'did, Sa'dian, or Saadian; ar, السعديون, translit=as-saʿdiyyūn) was a state which ruled present-day Morocco and parts of West Africa in the 16th and 17th centuries. It was l ...

(1549–1659) *

Pashalik of Timbuktu The Pashalik of Timbuktu was a West African political entity that existed between the 16th and the 19th century. It was formed after the Battle of Tondibi, when a military expedition sent by Saadian sultan Ahmad al-Mansur of Morocco defeated t ...

(1591–1833; Western Sahara, Maghreb, Mali) * Naqsid principality of Tetouan (1597–1673) *

Republic of Bou Regreg A republic () is a "state in which power rests with the people or their representatives; specifically a state without a monarchy" and also a "government, or system of government, of such a state." Previously, especially in the 17th and 18th ...

(1627–1668) *

(1666–present) *

Republic of the Rif The Republic of the Rif ( Tarifit: ''Tagduda n Arrif'', ''Jumhūriyya ar-Rīf''), unofficially The Confederal Republic of the Tribes of the Rif, also recorded as the Riff, was a short-lived republic in northern Morocco that existed between 19 ...

(1921–1926) *

Libya * Sultanate of Fezzan (918–1190) * Sultanate of Tripolitania (1327–1401) under

Bani Ammar {{Infobox settlement , name = Bani Ammar , other_name = , native_name = , nickname = , settlement_type = , motto = , image_skyline = , imagesize = , ...

Pasha of Tripoli Pasha of Tripoli was a title that was held by many rulers of Tripoli in Ottoman Tripolitania. The Ottoman Empire ruled the territory for most time from the Siege of Tripoli in 1551 until the Italian invasion of Libya in 1911, at the onset of ...

(1551–1711) * Kingdom of Fezzan (1556–1856) under Awlad Muhammad dynasty *

Karamanli dynasty The Karamanli, Caramanli, Qaramanli, or al-Qaramanli dynasty was an early modern dynasty, independent or quasi-independent, which ruled from 1711 to 1835 in Ottoman Tripolitania. The territory comprised Tripoli and its surroundings in present- ...

(1711–1835) *

Cyrenaica Emirate The Emirate of Cyrenaica ( ar, إمارة برقة) came into existence when Sayyid Idris unilaterally proclaimed Cyrenaica an independent Senussi emirate on 1 March 1949, backed by the United Kingdom. Sayyid Idris proclaimed himself Emir of Cyr ...

(1843–1951) *

Kingdom of Libya The Kingdom of Libya ( ar, المملكة الليبية, lit=Libyan Kingdom, translit=Al-Mamlakah Al-Lībiyya; it, Regno di Libia), known as the United Kingdom of Libya from 1951 to 1963, was a constitutional monarchy in North Africa which ca ...

(1951–1969)

Horn of Africa

Somalia * Hawiye Kingdom (500-1300) *

Tunni Sultanate The Tunni Sultanate () was a Somali Muslim Sultanate located in southwestern Somalia, south of the Shabelle river. It was ruled by the Tunni people, who spoke the Af-Tunni (a dialect of Somali). The historical Tunni area corresponds to the mo ...

(900–1300) * Mogadishu Sultanate (900–1300) *

Ajuran Sultanate The Ajuran Sultanate ( so, Saldanadda Ajuuraan, ar, سلطنة الأجورانية), also natively referred-to as Ajuuraan, and often simply Ajuran, was a Somali Empire in the Middle Ages in the Horn of Africa that dominated the trade in th ...

(1300-1798) *

Hiraab Imamate The Hiraab Imamate ( so, Saldanadda Hiraab) also known as the Yacquubi Dynasty was a Somali kingdom that ruled parts of the Horn of Africa during the late 17th century and 19th century until it was incorporated into Italian Somaliland. The Imamate ...

(1600–1860) *

Majeerteen Sultanate The Majeerteen Sultanate ( so, Suldanadda Majeerteen 𐒈𐒚𐒐𐒆𐒖𐒒𐒖𐒆𐒆𐒖 𐒑𐒖𐒃𐒜𐒇𐒂𐒜𐒒, lit=Boqortooyada Majerteen, ar, سلطنة مجرتين), also known as Majeerteen Kingdom or Majeerteenia and Migiu ...

(1600–1927) *

Geledi Sultanate The Sultanate of the Geledi ( so, Saldanadda Geledi, ar, سلطنة غلدي) also known as the Gobroon Dynasty Somali Sultanate: The Geledi City-state Over 150 Years - Virginia Luling (2002) Page 229 was a Somali kingdom that ruled parts of th ...

(1843–1908) * Hobyo Sultanate (1878–1925) *

Sultanate of Showa The Makhzumi dynasty also known as Sultanate of Shewa or Shewa Sultanate, was a Muslim kingdom in present-day Ethiopia. Its capital Walale was situated in northern Hararghe in Harla country. Its territory extended possibly to some areas west of t ...

(896-1285) *

Sultanate of Ifat The Sultanate of Ifat, known as Wafāt or Awfāt in Arabic texts, was a medieval Sunni Muslim state in the eastern regions of the Horn of Africa between the late 13th century and early 15th century. It was formed in present-day Ethiopia around e ...

(1185–1415) *

Adal Sultanate The Adal Sultanate, or the Adal Empire or the ʿAdal or the Bar Saʿad dīn (alt. spelling ''Adel Sultanate, ''Adal ''Sultanate'') () was a medieval Sunni Muslim Empire which was located in the Horn of Africa. It was founded by Sabr ad-Din II ...

(1415–1555) *

Isaaq Sultanate The Isaaq Sultanate ( so, Saldanadda Isaaq, Wadaad writing, Wadaad: , ar, السلطنة الإسحاقية) was a Somali people, Somali kingdom that ruled parts of the Horn of Africa during the 18th and 19th centuries. It spanned the territorie ...

(1750–1884) *

Habr Yunis Sultanate The Habr Yunis Sultanate ( so, Saldanadda Habar Yoonis, ar, سلطنة هبر يونس) was a Somali people, Somali kingdom that ruled parts of the Horn of Africa during the 18th century. It spanned the territories of the Garhajis#Habr Yunis, Ha ...

(1769-1907) * Zeila Emirate (1415–1420) * Harla Kingdom (501-1500) * Sultanate of Dawaro (915-1329) Ethiopia * Harla Kingdom (501-1500) *

(896–1285) * Sultanate of Dawaro (915-1329) * Sultanate of Bale (1200-1324) * Sultanate of Arababni (1200–1314) *

Hadiya Sultanate The Hadiya Sultanate (r. ~13th century – 15th century) was a medieval kingdom located in southwestern Ethiopia, south of the Abbay River and west of Shewa. It was ruled by the Hadiya people, who spoke the Cushitic Hadiyya language. The histor ...

(1200–1495) *

(1285–1415) *

Fatagar A medieval map of Fatagar and surrounding areas Fatagar ( Amharic: ፈጠጋር) was a historical province that separated Muslim and Christian dominions in the medieval Horn of Africa. In the eleventh century it was part of the Muslim states, the ...

(1400-1650) *

(1415–1577) *

Sultanate of Harar The Sultanate of Harar was a Muslim state centered in present-day Harar, Ethiopia. It succeeded the Adal Sultanate. In this period the Harar Sultanate led by Amīr Nūr continued to carry on the struggle of the Adal leader Imām Aḥmed Gurēy ...

(1526–1577) *

Imamate of Aussa The Imamate of Aussa also spelled Imamate of Awsa was a medieval Harari imamate in present-day eastern Ethiopia with its capital in Asaita. It was carved out of the Sultanate of Harar and the Adal Sultanate. History This polity was marred with in ...

(1557–1672) *

Emirate of Harar The Emirate of Harar was a Muslim kingdom founded in 1647 when the Harari people refused to accept Imām ʿUmardīn Ādan as their ruler and broke away from the Imamate of Aussa to form their own state under `Ali ibn Da`ud. Prior to its invasion ...

(1647–1887) *

Sultanate of Aussa The Sultanate of Aussa was a kingdom that existed in the Afar Region in eastern Ethiopia in the 18th and 20th centuries. It was considered to be the leading monarchy of the Afar people, to whom the other Afar rulers nominally acknowledged primac ...

(1734–present) *

(1750–1884) *

(1769-1907) * Wollo Kingdom (1760–1896) * Kingdom of Gimma (1770–1902) *

Kingdom of Gumma The Kingdom of Gumma was a kingdom in the Gibe region of Ethiopia that emerged in the 18th century. Its eastern border was formed by the bend of the Didessa River, which separated it from (proceeding downstream to upstream) Limmu-Ennarea to th ...

(1770–1902) *

Kingdom of Jimma The Kingdom of Jimma ( om, Mootummaa Jimmaa) was an Oromo kingdom in the Gibe region of Ethiopia that emerged in the 18th century. It shared its western border with Limmu-Ennarea, its eastern border with the Sidamo Kingdom of Janjero, and w ...

(1790–1932) * Gobaad Sultanate (1800–present) * Kingdom of Limmu-Ennarea (1801–1890) *

Kingdom of Gera The Kingdom of Gera was a kingdom in the Gibe region of Ethiopia that emerged in the late 19th century. It shared its northern border with the Kingdom of Gumma, its eastern border with the Kingdom of Gomma, and was separated from the Kingdom of ...

(1835–1887) Eritrea *

Sultanate of Dahlak The Sultanate of Dahlak was a small medieval kingdom covering the Dahlak Archipelago and parts of the African Red Sea coast in what is now Eritrea. First attested in 1093, it quickly profited from its location between Abyssinia and Yemen as well ...

(1050–1557) * Beja Kingdom (930-1500) Djibouti * Tadjoura Sultanate (1450–present) * Rahayta Sultanate (1600–present)

Persian Plateau

Iran

Paduspanid The Baduspanids or Badusbanids ( fa, پادوسبانیان, Pâdusbâniân), were a local Iranian dynasty of Tabaristan which ruled over Ruyan/Rustamdar. The dynasty was established in 665, and with 933 years of rule as the longest dynasty in I ...

(665–1598) * Dulafid dynasty (800–898,

Jibal Jibāl ( ar, جبال), also al-Jabal ( ar, الجبل), was the name given by the Arabs to a region and province located in western Iran, under the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates. Its name means "the Mountains", being the plural of ''jabal'' (" ...

) *

Justanids The Justanids or Jostanids ( fa, جستانیان) were an Iranian Zaydi Shia dynasty that ruled a part of Daylam (the mountainous district of Gilan) from 791 to the late 11th century. History The Justanids appear as kings of Daylam at the e ...

(805–1004) *

Samanid Empire The Samanid Empire ( fa, سامانیان, Sāmāniyān) also known as the Samanian Empire, Samanid dynasty, Samanid amirate, or simply as the Samanids) was a Persianate Sunni Muslim empire, of Iranian dehqan origin. The empire was centred in ...

(819–999) *

(821–873) *

Qarinvand dynasty The Qarinvand dynasty (also spelled Karenvand and Qarenvand), or simply the Karenids, was an Iranian dynasty that ruled in parts of Tabaristan ( Mazandaran) in what is now northern Iran from the 550s until the 11th-century. They considered themsel ...

(823–1110) *

Saffarid dynasty The Saffarid dynasty ( fa, صفاریان, safaryan) was a Persianate dynasty of eastern Iranian origin that ruled over parts of Persia, Greater Khorasan, and eastern Makran from 861 to 1003. One of the first indigenous Persian dynasties to eme ...

(861–1003) * Shirvanshah (861–1538) * Alavid dynasty (864–928) *

Sajid dynasty The Sajid dynasty ( fa, ساجیان, sajyan), was an Iranian Muslim dynasty that ruled from 889/890 until 929. The Sajids ruled Azerbaijan and parts of Armenia first from Maragha and Barda and then from Ardabil.''Azerbaijan IV'', C.E. Bosworth, ' ...

(889–929) * Ma'danids (890–1110, Makran) * Aishanids (912–961) *

Sallarid dynasty The Sallarid dynasty ( fa, سالاریان), (also known as the Musafirids or Langarids) was a Muslim dynasty, of Daylami origin, which ruled in Tarom, Samiran, Daylam, Gilan and subsequently Azerbaijan, Arran, and some districts in Eastern Arm ...

(919–1062) * Ziyarid dynasty (928–1043) *

Banu Ilyas The Banu Ilyas ( fa, بنو الیاس) or Ilyasids were an Iranian dynasty of Sogdian origin which ruled Kerman from 932 until 968. Their capital was Bardasir. Muhammad b. Ilyas Abu 'Ali Muhammad b. Ilyas was a member of the Samanid army an ...

(932–968) *

Buyid dynasty The Buyid dynasty ( fa, آل بویه, Āl-e Būya), also spelled Buwayhid ( ar, البويهية, Al-Buwayhiyyah), was a Shia Iranian dynasty of Daylamite origin, which mainly ruled over Iraq and central and southern Iran from 934 to 1062. Coupl ...

(934–1062) *

Rawadid dynasty Rawwadid or Ravvadid (also Revend or Revendi) or Banū Rawwād () (955–1071) was a Sunni Muslim Kurdish dynasty, centered in the northwestern region of Adharbayjan (Azerbaijan) between the late 8th and early 13th centuries. Originally of Az ...

(955–1071,

Tabriz Tabriz ( fa, تبریز ; ) is a city in northwestern Iran, serving as the capital of East Azerbaijan Province. It is the List of largest cities of Iran, sixth-most-populous city in Iran. In the Quri Chay, Quru River valley in Iran's historic Aze ...

) *

Hasanwayhid Hasanwayhids or Hasanuyid was a powerful Shia Kurdish dynasty reigning the western parts of Iran such as Iranian Azerbaijan and Zagros Mountains between Shahrizor and Khuzestan from c. 959 to 1015. The last Hasanwayhid ruler died in 1015 in Sarm ...

(959–1015) * Annazids (990–1180; Iran, Iraq) *

Ma'munid dynasty The Maʾmunids ( fa, مأمونیان) were an independent dynasty of Iranian rulers in Khwarazm. Their reign was short-lived (995–1017), and they were in turn replaced by the expansionist Ghaznavids. History The ancient Iranian kingdom of Kh ...

(995–1017) *

Kakuyid The Kakuyids (also called Kakwayhids, Kakuwayhids or Kakuyah) ( fa, آل کاکویه) were a Shia Muslim dynasty of Daylamite origin that held power in western Persia, Jibal and Kurdistan (c. 1008–c. 1051). They later became ''atabegs'' (g ...

(1008–1141) *

Great Seljuq Empire The Great Seljuk Empire, or the Seljuk Empire was a high medieval, culturally Turko-Persian, Sunni Muslim empire, founded and ruled by the Qïnïq branch of Oghuz Turks. It spanned a total area of from Anatolia and the Levant in the west to t ...

(1029–1194) *

Nasrid dynasty (Sistan) The Nasrid dynasty, also referred to as the ''Later Saffarids of Seistan'' or the ''Maliks of Nimruz'', was an Iranian Sunni dynasty that ruled Sistan in the power vacuum left by the collapse of the Ghaznavid Empire and until the Mongol invasion ...

(1029–1225) *

Kerman Seljuk Sultanate The Kerman Seljuk Sultanate (Persian: سلجوقیان کرمان Saljūqiyān-i Kerman) was a Persianate Sunni Muslim state, established in the parts of Kerman and Makran which had been conquered from the Buyid dynasty by the Seljuk Empire ...

(1041-1187) * Hormuz Kingdom (1060–1622) *

Khwarezmian Empire The Khwarazmian or Khwarezmian Empire) or the Khwarazmshahs ( fa, خوارزمشاهیان, Khwārazmshāhiyān) () was a Turko-Persian Sunni Muslim empire that ruled large parts of present-day Central Asia, Afghanistan, and Iran in the app ...

under Khwarezm-Shâh dynasty (1077–1231) *

(1090–1256) * Ahmadilis (1122–1220) *

Eldiguzids The Ildegizids, EldiguzidsC.E. Bosworth, "Ildenizids or Eldiguzids", Encyclopaedia of Islam, Edited by P.J. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs et al., Encyclopædia of Islam, 2nd Edition., 12 vols. with index ...

(1135–1225) *

Atabegs of Yazd The Atabegs of Yazd ( fa, اتابکان یزد, ''Atābakān-e Yazd'') were a local dynasty, which ruled the city of Yazd from about 1141 to 1319. They succeeded the Kakuyids to whom they were linked by marriage. The names of the first members o ...

(1141–1319) *

Salghurids The Salghurids ( fa, سلغُریان), also known as the Atabegs of Fars (), were a Persianate dynasty of Salur Turkmen origin that ruled Fars, first as vassals of the Seljuqs then for the Khwarazm Shahs in the 13th century. History Th ...

(1148–1282,

Shiraz Shiraz (; fa, شیراز, Širâz ) is the fifth-most-populous city of Iran and the capital of Fars Province, which has been historically known as Pars () and Persis. As of the 2016 national census, the population of the city was 1,565,572 p ...

) *

Hazaraspids The Hazaraspids ( fa, هزاراسپیان, 1115–1424), was a Kurdish dynasty that ruled the Zagros Mountains region of southwestern Iran, essentially in Lorestan and which flourished in the later Saljuq, Ilkhanid, Muzaffarid, and Timurid p ...

(1155–1424) * Khorshidi dynasty (1155–1597, Lorestan) *

Qutlugh-Khanids The Qutlugh-Khanids (otherwise known as the Qutlugh-Khanid dynasty, Kirmanid dynasty, or very rarely as the Later Western Liao) was a dynasty of ethnic Khitan origin that ruled over Kirman (in present-day Kerman Province, Iran) from 1222 to 1306 ...

(1222–1306) * Mihrabanid dynasty (1236–1537, Baluchistan) *

Kart dynasty The Kart dynasty, also known as the Kartids ( fa, آل کرت), was a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Tajik origin closely related to the Ghurids, that ruled over a large part of Khorasan during the 13th and 14th centuries. Ruling from their capital ...

(1244–1381) *

Ilkhanate The Ilkhanate, also spelled Il-khanate ( fa, ایل خانان, ''Ilxānān''), known to the Mongols as ''Hülegü Ulus'' (, ''Qulug-un Ulus''), was a khanate established from the southwestern sector of the Mongol Empire. The Ilkhanid realm ...

(Mongol) (1295–1357) * Muzaffarids (1314–1393) *

Sarbadars The Sarbadars (from fa, سربدار ''sarbadār'', "head on gallows"; also known as Sarbedaran ) were a mixture of religious dervishes and secular rulers that came to rule over part of western Khurasan in the midst of the disintegration of t ...

(1332–1386) *

Chupanids The Chobanids or the Chupanids ( fa, سلسله امرای چوپانی) were descendants of a Mongol family of the Suldus clan that came to prominence in 14th century Persia. At first serving under the Ilkhans, they took '' de facto'' contr ...

(1335–1357) *

Injuids The House of Inju (Injuids, Injus, or Inju'ids) was an Iranian dynasty of Persian origin that came to rule over the cities of Shiraz and Isfahan during the 14th century. Its members became de facto independent rulers following the breakup of the ...

(1335–1357) *

Jalayirid Sultanate The Jalayirid Sultanate was a culturally Persianate, Mongol Jalayir dynasty which ruled over Iraq and western Persia after the breakup of the Mongol khanate of Persia in the 1330s.Bayne Fisher, William. ''The Cambridge History of Iran'', p.3: ...

(1335–1432) *

Afrasiyab dynasty The Afrasiyab or Chalavi dynasty was a relatively minor Iranian Shia dynasty of Tabaristan (present-day Mazandaran province, Iran) and flourished in the late medieval, pre-Safavid period; it is also called the Kia dynasty. It was founded by Ki ...

(1349–1504) *

Marashis The Marashiyan or Marashis (Mazandarani language, Mazandarani: مرعشیون, fa, مرعشیان) were an Iranian peoples, Iranian Sayyid Twelver Shia Islam, Shiʿite dynasty of Mazandarani people, Mazandarani origin, ruling in Mazandaran from ...

(1359–1596) *

Kara Koyunlu The Qara Qoyunlu or Kara Koyunlu ( az, Qaraqoyunlular , fa, قره قویونلو), also known as the Black Sheep Turkomans, were a culturally Persianate, Muslim Turkoman "Kara Koyunlu, also spelled Qara Qoyunlu, Turkish Karakoyunlular, En ...

(1374–1468) * Ak Koyunlu (1378–1501) *

Musha'sha'iyyah The Musha'sha' (also spelled Mosha'sha'; ar, المشعشعية) were a Shi'i Arab dynasty based in the town of Hoveyzeh in Khuzestan, ruling from 1435 to 1924. Initially starting out as a tribal confederation, they gradually transformed into a ...

(1436–1729) *

Talysh Khanate Talysh Khanate or Talish Khanate ( fa, خانات تالش, Khānāt-e Tālesh) was a khanate of Iranian origin that was established in Persia and existed from the middle of the 18th century till the beginning of the 19th century, located in the ...

(1747–1832) *

Maku Khanate Khanate of Maku was an 18th-20th century khanate based in Maku of the Bayat dynasty. It came into existence after the death of Nader Shah which led to the breakup of the Safavid empire, and gain semi-independence. It rejoined the Persian E ...

(1747–1922) * Ardabil Khanate (1747–1808) *

Khalkhal Khanate The Khalkhal Khanate ( fa, خانات خالخال) was an 18th-19th century khanate based in Khalkhal. Khanate of Khalkhal was one of the khanates, located in historic Azerbaijan which remained semi-independent for 62 years. Founding The khana ...

(1747–1809) *

Khoy Khanate The Khoy Khanate, also known as the Principality of Donboli, was a hereditary Kurdish khanate around Khoy and Salmas in Iran ruled by the Donboli tribe from 1210 until 1799. The khanate has been described as the most powerful khanate in the regi ...

(1747–1813) * Maragheh Khanate (1610–1925) * Marand Khanate (1747–1828) * Sarab Khanate (1747–1797) * Tabriz Khanate (1747–1802) *

Urmia Khanate The Afshars of Urmia (also spelled Urmiya; fa, افشارهای ارومیه) are a branch of the Afshar tribe centered in the Iranian city of Urmia. From 1624/25 to 1820/21, the governorship of Urmia was mainly in the hands of the Urmia Afshars. ...

(1747–1865) * Emirate of Muhammara (1740-1925) * Safavid dynasty (1502–1736) *

Afsharid dynasty The Afsharid dynasty ( fa, افشاریان) was an Iranian dynasty founded by Nader Shah () of the Qirqlu clan of the Turkoman Afshar tribe Afshar ( az, Əfşar افشار; tr, Avşar, ''Afşar''; tk, Owşar; fa, اَفشار, Āfshār) ...

(1736–1796) *

Zand dynasty The Zand dynasty ( fa, سلسله زندیه, ') was an Iranian dynasty, founded by Karim Khan Zand (1751–1779) that initially ruled southern and central Iran in the 18th century. It later quickly came to expand to include much of the rest o ...

(1751–1794) * Qajar dynasty (1789–1925) * Pahlavi dynasty (1925–1979) Anatolia (Turkey) *

Great Seljuk Empire The Great Seljuk Empire, or the Seljuk Empire was a high medieval, culturally Turko-Persian, Sunni Muslim empire, founded and ruled by the Qïnïq branch of Oghuz Turks. It spanned a total area of from Anatolia and the Levant in the west to t ...

(1029–1194) *

(1299–1923) *

Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm fa, سلجوقیان روم () , status = , government_type = Hereditary monarchyTriarchy (1249–1254)Diarchy (1257–1262) , year_start = 1077 , year_end = 1308 , p1 = By ...

(1077–1308) * Danishmends Dynasty (1071–1178) * Mengujekids Dynasty (1072–1277) * Saltukids Dynasty (1071–1202) * Artuqids Dynasty (1101–1409) * Karamanids (1250–1487) *

Chaka of Smyrna Tzachas ( gr, Τζαχᾶς, Tzachás), also known as Chaka Bey ( tr, Çaka Bey)"Tzachas" is the Hellenized form of a Turkish name which does not appear in any historical documents, but was likely "Chaka", "Chagha", or "Chaqan". The name "Chak ...

(1081–1098) *

Shah-Armens The Shah-Armens (lit. 'Kings of Armenia', tr, Ermenşahlar), also known as Ahlatshahs (lit. 'Rulers of Ahlat', tr, Ahlatşahlar), was a Turkoman Sunni Muslim Anatolian beylik founded after the Battle of Manzikert (1071) and centred in Ahlat on t ...

(1100–1207) * Beylik of Dilmac (1085–1398) * Inalids (1095–1183) * Beylik of Cubukogullari (1085–1112) * Afshar (1480–1534) *

Ahiler The Ahi Brotherhood ( tr, Ahî, plur. ''Ahîler''), referred to as Ahi Republic by modern historians, was a fraternity, guild and a beylik based in modern-day Ankara in the 13th and 14th century Anatolia. Background Turkic people began settl ...

(1290–1362) *

Alaiye Alaiye () is the medieval Seljuq name for Alanya (on the southern coast of Turkey). It refers to the city-state in a specific period and the beylik which developed around there, at times under the Karamanid dynasty. After the 1242 Battle of Kö ...

(1293–1471) *

Aydinids The Aydinids or Aydinid dynasty ( Modern Turkish: ''Aydınoğulları'', ''Aydınoğulları Beyliği'', ota, آیدین اوغوللاری بیلیغی), also known as the Principality of Aydin and Beylik of Aydin (), was one of the Anatolia ...

(1300–1425) *

Beyliks of Canik Beyliks of Canik ( tr, Canik beylikleri ) is a name given to a group of small Turkoman principalities in northern Anatolia during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Anthony Bryer connects the toponyme Chanik with the name "Chani" which the ...

(1300–1460) *

Jandarids The Isfendiyarids or Isfendiyarid dynasty (Modern Turkish: ''İsfendiyaroğulları'', ''İsfendiyaroğulları Beyliği''), also known as the Beylik of Sinop, Beylik of Isfendiyar (''İsfendiyar Beyliği''), Jandarids or Beylik of Jandar (''Cand ...

(1291–1461) *

Chobanids The Chobanids or the Chupanids ( fa, سلسله امرای چوپانی) were descendants of a Mongol family of the Suldus clan that came to prominence in 14th century Persia. At first serving under the Ilkhans, they took ''de facto'' contr ...

(1211–1309) *

Dulkadirids The Anatolian beylik of Dulkadir (Modern Turkish: ''Dulkadiroğulları Beyliği''), was one of the frontier principalities established by the Turkoman clans Bayat, Afshar and Begdili after the decline of Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm. Capitals ...

(1348–1522) *

Eretnids The Eretnids ( tr, Eretna Beyliği) were an Anatolian beylik that succeeded the Ilkhanids, Ilkhanid governors in Anatolia and that ruled in a large region extending between Caesarea (Kayseri), Sebastea (Sivas) and Amaseia (Amasya) in Central Anato ...

(1335–1390) *

Erzincan Erzincan (; ku, Erzîngan), historically Yerznka ( hy, Երզնկա), is the capital of Erzincan Province in Eastern Turkey. Nearby cities include Erzurum, Sivas, Tunceli, Bingöl, Elazığ, Malatya, Gümüşhane, Bayburt, and Giresun. The ...

(1379–1410) *

Eshrefids The Eshrefids or Ashrafids (Modern Turkish: ''Eşrefoğulları'' or ''Eşrefoğulları Beyliği'' ) was one of the Anatolian beyliks. Capital Its capital was in Beyşehir. Foundation It was one of the frontier principalities established by Ogh ...

(1285–1326) *

Germiyanids The Germiyanids ( tr, Germiyanoğulları Beyliği or ''Germiyan Beyliği'') was a prominent Anatolian beylik established by the Oghuz Turkish tribes (probably the Afshar tribe) after the decline of Sultanate of Rûm. However, while the beyl ...

(1300–1429) *

Hamidids Hamidids or Hamed Dynasty (Modern Turkish: ''Hamidoğulları'' or ''Hamidoğulları Beyliği'') also known as the Beylik of Hamid, was one of the 14th century Anatolian beyliks that emerged as a consequence of the decline of the Sultanate of Rum an ...

(1300–1391) *

Kadi Burhan al-Din Qāżi Aḥmad Borhān al-Din ( tr, Kadı Burhâneddin, 8 January 1345 – 1398; az, Qazi Bürhanəddin) was an Oghuz Turkic vizier to the Eretnid rulers of Anatolia. In 1381 he took over Eretnid lands and claimed the title of sultan for him ...

(1381–1398) *

Karasids The Karasids or Karasid dynasty ( Ottoman قرا صي; Modern Turkish ''Karesioğulları'', ''Karesioğulları Beyliği''), also known as the Principality of Karasi and Beylik of Karasi (''Karasi Beyliği'' or ''Karesi Beyliği'' ), was an Anatolia ...

(1296–1357) * Ladik (1262–1391) * Mentese (1261–1424) * Pervaneoglu (1277–1322) *

Ramadanids The Ramadanid Emirate (Modern Turkish: ''Ramazanoğulları Beyliği'') was an autonomous administration and a ''de facto'' independent emirate that existed from 1352 to 1608 in Cilicia, taking over the rule of the region from the Armenian Kingdo ...

(1352–1608) * Sahib Ataids (1275–1341) *

Sarukhanids The Sarukhanids or Sarukhanid dynasty (Modern Turkish: ''Saruhanoğulları'', ''Saruhanoğulları Beyliği''), also known as the Principality of Saruhan and Beylik of Saruhan (''Saruhan Beyliği''), was one of the Anatolian beyliks, centered in ...

(1300–1410) *

Teke Teke or Tekke can refer to: People * Teke (Turkmen tribe) or Tekke, a tribe of southern Turkmenistan * Teke people or Bateke, a Central African ethnic group * Fatih Tekke (born 1977), Turkish footballer * Kent Tekulve (born 1947), American baseba ...

(1321–1423) * Emirate of Melitene (850–934) * Amida (983–1085) * Ayyubid dynasty (1171-1341) * Zurarid

Emirate An emirate is a territory ruled by an emir, a title used by monarchs or high officeholders in the Muslim world. From a historical point of view, an emirate is a political-religious unit smaller than a caliphate. It can be considered equivalen ...

Arzen Arzen (in Syriac ''Arzŏn'' or ''Arzŭn'', Armenian ''Arzn'', ''Ałzn'', Arabic ''Arzan'') was an ancient and medieval city, located on the border zone between Upper Mesopotamia and the Armenian Highlands. The site of the ancient Armenian capital ...

(850-930) * Emirate of Bingöl (1231-1864) *

Emirate of Bradost An emirate is a territory ruled by an emir, a title used by monarchs or high officeholders in the Muslim world. From a historical point of view, an emirate is a political-religious unit smaller than a caliphate. It can be considered equivalen ...

(1510-1609) *

Emirate of Bitlis The Principality of Bitlis, also known as the Bitlis Khanate and the Bitlis Emirate (1182–early 19th century) was a Kurdish principality originated from the ''Rojaki'' (or ''Rozagi'') tribal confederation. The Rojaki defeated the Georgian Kin ...

(1182-1815) * Emirate of Çemiçgezek(1200-1663) * Emirate of Hasankeyf (1232-1524) * Emirate of Hakkari (1380-1847) *

Emirate of Pazooka The Emirate of Pazuki, was a Kurdish emirate that ruled around Hınıs, Erciş, Malazgirt, Doğubayazıt, and Nakhchivan, with its capital in Eleskirt between 1499 and 1587. History It was established in 1499 in the Bitlis region by Huseyin Al ...

(1499-1587) * Emirate of Palu (1495-1850) Azerbaijan *

(1136-1225) * Shirvanshah (1207–1607) * Ak Koyunlu (1378-1501) *

(1374-1468) * Shamakhy Khanate (1721–1749) *Salyan Khanate (1729–1782) *

Karabakh Khanate The Karabakh Khanate was a semi-independent Turkic peoples, Turkic Khanates of the Caucasus, Caucasian khanate on the territories of modern-day Armenia and Azerbaijan established in about 1748 under Safavid dynasty, Iranian suzerainty in Karaba ...

(1748-1822) *

Erivan Khanate The Erivan Khanate ( fa, خانات ایروان, translit=Xānāt-e Iravān; hy, Երեւանի խանութիւն, translit=Yerevani xanut'iwn; az, ایروان خانلیغی, translit=İrəvan xanlığı), also known as Chokhur-e Sa'd, was ...

(1747-1828) *

(1736-1796) * Safavid dynasty (1501-1736) * Shaki Khanate (1743-1819) *

Ganja khanate The Ganja Khanate ( fa, خانات گنجه, translit=Khānāt-e Ganjeh, az, گنجه خنليغى, translit=Gəncə xanlığı, ) was a semi-independent Khanates of the Caucasus, Caucasian khanate that was established in Afsharid dynasty, Afs ...

(1747-1805) *

Quba Khanate The Quba Khanate (also spelled Qobbeh; fa, خانات قبه, Khānāt-e Qobbeh) was one of the most significant semi-independent khanates that existed from 1747 to 1806, under Iranian suzerainty. It bordered Caspian sea to the east, Derbent Kha ...

(1726-1806) *

Baku Khanate Baku Khanate ( fa, خانات باکو, Khānāt-e Baku), was an autonomous Muslim khanate under Iranian suzerainty, which existed between 1747 and 1806. Originally a province of Safavid empire, it became practically independent after the assas ...

(1735-1806) *

(1747–1809) *

Nakhichevan Khanate The Nakhichevan Khanate ( fa, خانات نخجوان, translit=Khānāt-e Nakhchevān; Azerbaijani:ناخچیوان خانلیغی,Naxçıvan xanlığı; hy, Նախիջեւանի խանութիւն, translit=Naxijewani xanowt'iwn) was a khanate ...

(1747-1828) *

Shirvan Khanate Shirvan Khanate ( fa, خانات شیروان, Khānāt-e Shirvan) was a Caucasian khanate under Iranian suzerainty, which controlled the Shirvan region from 1761 to 1820. Background Under the Safavid dynasty of Iran, Shirvan was a leading silk ...

(1748-1820) *

Khoja The Khojas ( sd}; gu, ખોજા, hi, ख़ोजा) are a mainly Nizari Isma'ili Shia community of people originating in Gujarat, India. Derived from the Persian Khwaja, a term of honor, the word Khoja is used to refer to Lohana Rajp ...

Shamakha (1748–1786) *Yeni Shamakha (1748–1786) * Ardabil Khanate (1747-1808) *

(1747-1865) *

Javad Khanate Javad Khanate ( fa, خانات جواد) was a khanate in the territory of modern Azerbaijan with its capital in the town of Javad. It extended from Javad on the Kura River southwest along the east side of the Aras River. It was bordered by Sh ...

(1747-1805) *

(1748-1820) *

(1747-1828) *

Elisu Sultanate The Sultanate of Elisu, also known as Elisou or Ilisu, was a sultanate in the 18th and 19th centuries. Geography, population and government Located mostly on the southern slope of the Caucasus Mountains in what is now northwest Azerbaijan, it ex ...

(1604–1844) *

(1037-1194) *

Derbent Khanate The Derbent Khanate ( fa, خانات دربند, Khānāt-e Darband; az, Dərbənd Xanlığı) was a Caucasian khanate that was established in Afsharid Iran. It corresponded to southern Dagestan and its center was at Derbent. History Large par ...

(1747-1806) * Qajar dynasty (1789-1925) * Shamakha ll (1786–1844) Armenia * Emirate of Armenia (697–700, 711–885) *

(1736–1827) *

(1606–1806) *

Shaddadids The Shaddadids were a Kurdish Sunni Muslim dynasty. who ruled in various parts of Armenia and Arran from 951 to 1199 AD. They were established in Dvin. Through their long tenure in Armenia, they often intermarried with the Bagratuni royal fami ...

(951–1199) *

(919–1062) *

(889–929) * Marwanid dynasty (983–1085) *

(1135–1225) Georgia *

Emirate of Tbilisi The Emirate of Tbilisi ( ka, თბილისის საამირო ', ar, إمارة تفليسي ') was a Muslim emirate in Transcaucasia. The Emirs of Tbilisi ruled over the parts of today's eastern Georgia from their base in the ci ...

(736–1122) *

Principality of Abkhazia The Principality of Abkhazia ( ka, აფხაზეთის სამთავრო, tr) emerged as a separate feudal entity in the 15th-16th centuries, amid the civil wars in the Kingdom of Georgia that concluded with the dissolution of t ...

(1463-1864) Caucasus *

Derbent Derbent (russian: Дербе́нт; lez, Кьвевар, Цал; az, Дәрбәнд, italic=no, Dərbənd; av, Дербенд; fa, دربند), formerly romanized as Derbend, is a city in Dagestan, Russia, located on the Caspian Sea. It i ...

(654-1747) * Caucasian Imamate (1828–1859) *

Chechen Republic of Ichkeria The Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (; ce, Нохчийн Республик Ичкери, Nóxçiyn Respublik Içkeri; russian: Чеченская Республика Ичкерия; abbreviated as "ChRI" or "CRI") was a ''de facto'' state that ...

(1991–2000) *

(1747–1806) *

Avar Khanate The Avar Khanate, the Avar Nutsaldom ( av, Avar Nutsallhi; russian: Аварское ханство), also known as Khundzia or Avaria, was a long-lived Avar state, which controlled mountainous parts of Dagestan (in the North Caucasus) from the ...

(1240–1864) *

Gazikumukh Shamkhalate "Gazikumukh Shamkhalate" is a term introduced in Russian-Dagestan historiography starting from the 1950s–60s to denote the Kumyk state that existed on the territory of present-day Dagestan in the period of the 8th to 17th centuries with the cap ...

(740–1640) *

Shamkhalate of Tarki The Shamkhalate of Tarki, or Tarki Shamkhalate (also Shawhalate, or Shevkalate, ') was a Kumyk state in the eastern part of the North Caucasus, with its capital in the ancient town of Tarki. It formed on the territory populated by Kumyks and inc ...

(1640–1867) *

Gazikumukh Khanate Gazikumukh Khanate was a Lak state that was established in present-day Dagestan after the disintegration of Gazikumukh Shamkhalate in 1642. Its peoples included various Lezgin tribes and Avars. State structure Supreme council Khanate was rule ...

(1642–1860) * Abazinia (1400–1800) *

North Caucasian Emirate The North Caucasian Emirate (russian: Северо-Кавказский эмират ''Severo-Kavkazskiy emirat'') was a mainly Avar and Chechen Islamic state that existed in the territory of Chechnya and western Dagestan during the Russian Ci ...

(1919–1920) *

Circassia Circassia (; also known as Cherkessia in some sources; ady, Адыгэ Хэку, Адыгей, lit=, translit=Adıgə Xəku, Adıgey; ; ota, چرکسستان, Çerkezistan; ) was a country and a historical region in the along the northeast ...

(1427-1864) *

Kabardia Grand Principality of Great Kabarda or East Circassia was a historical country in the North Caucasus corresponding partly to the modern Kabardino-Balkaria. It had better political organization than its neighbors and existed as a political commun ...

(1453-1825) Afghanistan *

Farighunids The Farighunids were an Iranian dynasty that ruled Guzgan (modern-day northern Afghanistan) in the late 9th, 10th and early 11th centuries. They were ultimately deposed by the ruler of the Ghaznavid Empire, Sultan Mahmud (). Background Accordi ...

(800–1010) *

(1244–1381, based in

Herat Herāt (; Persian: ) is an oasis city and the third-largest city of Afghanistan. In 2020, it had an estimated population of 574,276, and serves as the capital of Herat Province, situated south of the Paropamisus Mountains (''Selseleh-ye Safē ...

) * Afsharid Empire (1736–1796) *

Emirate of Afghanistan The Emirate of Afghanistan also referred to as the Emirate of Kabul (until 1855) ) was an emirate between Central Asia and South Asia that is now today's Afghanistan and some parts of today's Pakistan (before 1893). The emirate emerged from t ...

(1823–1926) * Emirate of Afghanistan (1929) *

Kingdom of Afghanistan The Kingdom of Afghanistan ( ps, , Dǝ Afġānistān wākmanān; prs, پادشاهی افغانستان, Pādešāhī-ye Afġānistān) was a constitutional monarchy in Central Asia established in 1926 as a successor state to the Emirate of A ...

(1926–1973) * Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001) *

Barakzai dynasty The two branches of the Barakzai dynasty (, "sons of Barak") ruled modern day Afghanistan from 1823 to 1973 when the monarchy ended under Musahiban Mohammed Zahir Shah. The Barakzai dynasty was established by Dost Mohammad Khan after the Dur ...

(1826–1973) *

Hotaki dynasty The Hotak dynasty ( ps, fa, ) was an Afghan monarchy founded by Ghilji Pashtuns that briefly ruled portions of Iran and Afghanistan during the 1720s. It was established in April 1709 by Mirwais Hotak, who led a successful revolution against t ...

(1709–1738) * Durrani Empire (1747–1826) * Azad Khan (1750–1758) * Shiberghan Khanate (1757–1875) * Sar-e Pol Khanate (1510–1875) *

Maymana Maymana ( Persian/ Uzbek/Pashto: میمنه) is the capital city of Faryab Province in northwestern Afghanistan, near the Turkmenistan border. It is approximately northwest of the country's capital Kabul, and is located on the Maymana River, wh ...

Khanate (1506–1900) *

Khulm Kholm or Khulm (Dari/Pashto: خلم), formerly known as Tashqurghan (Dari/Uzbek: تاشقرغان), is a town in Balkh Province of northern Afghanistan, 60 km east of Mazar-i-Sharif one-third of the way to Kunduz. Kholm is an ancient town loc ...

Khanate (1800–1849) *

Kunduz , native_name_lang = prs , other_name = , settlement_type = City , image_skyline = Kunduz River valley.jpg , imagesize = 300 , image_alt = , image_caption = , image_ ...

Khanate (1508–1888) * Ghuriyan Khanate (1803–1816) *

Badakshan Badakhshan is a historical region comprising parts of modern-day north-eastern Afghanistan, eastern Tajikistan, and Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County in China. Badakhshan Province is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan. Much of historic Ba ...

Khanate (1657–1773) * Andkhoy Khanate (1730–1880) *

Ghazni Ghazni ( prs, غزنی, ps, غزني), historically known as Ghaznain () or Ghazna (), also transliterated as Ghuznee, and anciently known as Alexandria in Opiana ( gr, Αλεξάνδρεια Ωπιανή), is a city in southeastern Afghanistan ...

(1879–1880) *

Peshawar Peshawar (; ps, پېښور ; hnd, ; ; ur, ) is the sixth most populous city in Pakistan, with a population of over 2.3 million. It is situated in the north-west of the country, close to the International border with Afghanistan. It is ...

(1747–1823) *

Qandahar Kandahar (; Kandahār, , Qandahār) is a city in Afghanistan, located in the south of the country on the Arghandab River, at an elevation of . It is Afghanistan's second largest city after Kabul, with a population of about 614,118. It is the ca ...

(1704–1881) *

(1695–1881) *

Kabul Kabul (; ps, , ; , ) is the capital and largest city of Afghanistan. Located in the eastern half of the country, it is also a municipality, forming part of the Kabul Province; it is administratively divided into 22 municipal districts. Acco ...

Kingdom (1747–1901) *

Islamic Emirate of Kunar The Islamic Emirate of Kunar () was a short-lived unrecognized Salafi quasi-state in Kunar Province, which was led by Jamil al-Rahman and established by his group, Jamaat al-Dawah ila al-Quran wal-Sunnah. The Islamic Emirate of Kunar was the ...

(1991) * Islamic Emirate of Badakhshan (1996) *

Islamic Revolutionary State of Afghanistan The Islamic Revolutionary State of Afghanistan ( fa, دولت انقلابی اسلامی افغانستان) was a small Salafist Islamic state located in the north of Bashgal Valley, Nuristan Province. It was founded by Mawlawi Afzal during the n ...

(1980)

Indian subcontinent

Bangladesh * Khalji dynasty (1204-1231) * Balban dynasty (1287-1324) * Bengal Sultanate (1352-1576) under: **

Ilyas Shahi dynasty The Ilyas Shahi dynasty ( bn, ইলিয়াস শাহী খান্দান, fa, الیاس شاهی خاندان) was the first independent dynasty to set the foundations of the late medieval Sunni Muslim Sultanate of Bengal. Hailin ...

(1342–1415, 1437-1487) ** Bani Ganesh (1418–1437) **

Hussain Shahi dynasty The Hussain Shahi dynasty ( bn, হোসেন শাহী খান্দান, fa, حسين شاهی خاندان) was a family which ruled the late medieval Sunni Muslim Sultanate of Bengal from 1494 to 1538. History The dynasty's founder, ...

(1493-1538) **

Muhammad Shahi dynasty Muhammad ( ar, مُحَمَّد; 570 – 8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam. According to Islamic doctrine, he was a prophet divinely inspired to preach and confirm the monoth ...

(1554-1564) **

Karrani dynasty The Karrani dynasty ( ps, کرلاڼي, Karlāṇī, bn, কররাণী, Korrāṇī) was founded in 1564 by Taj Khan Karrani, an ethnic Pashtun from the Karlani tribe, hailing from Bangash district. It was the last dynasty to rule the Sultan ...

(1564-1576) * Nawabs of Bengal (1717-1880) * Prithimpassa Estate (1499-1950) * Pratapgarh Kingdom (1489-1700) * Taraf Kingdom (1200-1610) *

Baro-Bhuiyan The Baro-Bhuyans (or ''Baro-Bhuyan Raj''; also ''Baro-Bhuians'' and Baro-Bhuiyans) refers to the confederacies of soldier-landowners in Assam and Bengal in the late Middle Ages and the early modern period. The confederacies consisted of loose ...

(1576-1611) Pakistan * Dynasties of Sindh (841–1843) **

Habbari dynasty The Habbari (, Sindhi: حباري خاندان) were an Arab dynasty that ruled much of Greater Sindh, as a semi-independent ''emirate'' from 854 to 1024. Beginning with the rule of 'Umar bin Abdul Aziz al-Habbari in 854 CE, the region became sem ...

(841–1024) **

Soomra dynasty The Soomra (or Soomro) dynasty (, '' lit.'' the family/dynasty of the Soomras) was a late medieval dynasty of Sindh, and at times adjacent regions, located in what is now Pakistan. Sources The only contemporary literary source remains the ' ...

(1026–1351) **

Samma dynasty The Samma dynasty ( sd, سمن جو راڄ, ) was a medieval Sindhi dynasty in the Indian subcontinent, that ruled Sindh, as well as parts of Kutch, Punjab and Balochistan from 1351 to 1524 CE, with their capital at Thatta known as Sa ...

(1351–1524) ** Arghun dynasty (1520–1591) **

Tarkhan dynasty The Tarkhan dynasty ( sd, ترخان گهراڻو), was established by the a Tarkhan and ruled Sindh, Pakistan from 1554 to 1591 AD. General Mirza Isa Beg founded the Tarkhan dynasty in Sindh after the death of Shah Husayn Arghun of the Arg ...

(1554–1591) **

Kalhora dynasty The Kalhora dynasty ( sd, ڪلهوڙا راڄ, translit=Kalhora Raj) was a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Sindhi Kalhora origin based in the region of Sindh in what is now Pakistan. They claimed an Arab origin. The dynasty ruled Sindh and parts of the P ...

(1701–1783) **

Talpur dynasty The Talpur dynasty ( sd, ٽالپردور) were rulers based in Sindh. Four branches of the dynasty were established following the defeat of the Kalhora dynasty at the Battle of Halani in 1783: one ruled lower Sindh from the city of Hyderabad, ...

(1783–1843) *

Emirate of Multan Emirate of Multan (855 – 1010) was a medieval kingdom in Punjab that was centred around city of Multan, present-day Punjab, Pakistan. It was initially ruled by the tribe of ''Banu Munabbih''. In 959 CE, Ismaili Qarmatians under '' Banu Lawi'' ...

(855-1010) *

Langah Sultanate The Langah Sultanate, also known as the Sultanate of Multan, was a kingdom which emerged after the decline of Delhi Sultanate in the Punjab region. The capital of the Sultanate was the city of Multan in south Punjab. Origin There are conflicti ...

(1445-1540) * Sultanate of Kashmir (1339–1586) **

Shah Mir dynasty The Shah Mir dynasty was a dynasty that ruled the region of Kashmir in the Indian subcontinent. The dynasty is named after its founder, Shah Mir. During the rule of the dynasty from 1339 to 1561, Islam forcefully established in Kashmir. Origin ...

(1339–1561) **

Chak dynasty The Chak dynasty was a dynasty that ruled the region of Kashmir after the Shah Mir dynasty. The origins of the Chaks are unclear, they are said to be native Kashmiris of Dardic origin. The Chak dynasty ruled from 1561 to 1586. Ghazi Chak is refe ...

(1554-1586) *

Northern Dynasties The Northern and Southern dynasties () was a period of political division in the history of China that lasted from 420 to 589, following the tumultuous era of the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Eastern Jin dynasty. It is sometimes considered as ...

(780–1947) ** Trakhan dynasty (780–1821) **

Maqpon dynasty The Maqpon kingdom ( bft, ) was a kingdom located in Baltistan. The royal family of the kingdom, the ''Maqpon dynasty'' was a Balti people, Balti royal house based in Skardu which ruled over the region for around 700 years. The kings of the Maq ...

(1190–1840) * Dynasties of Chitral ** Raees Dynasty (1320–1570) **

Katoor dynasty The Katoor dynasty (also spelled Katur and Kator) was a dynasty, which along with its collateral branches ruled the sovereign, later princely state of Chitral and its neighbours in the eastern Hindu Kush region for over 450 years, from around ...

(1570–1947) * Bawalpur state (1727–1947) *Gabare Jahangiri Dynasty (1190–1520) *

Qarlughids The Qarlughids were a tribe of Turkic peoples, Turkic origin that controlled Ghazni, lands of the Bamyan Province, Bamyan, the Kurram Valley (Ghazna, Banban, and Kurraman), and established a short-lived Muslim principality and dynasty that last ...

(1238–1266) *

Pakhal Sarkar Pakhal is an area of the Mansehra district in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It was ruled by the Sarkar Sultanate between 1190 and 1519. Also known as the Sarkar Kingdom, it was known for agricultural products such as rice and tobacco. The territory ...

(1472–1703) * Sadozai of

Multan Multan (; ) is a city in Punjab, Pakistan, on the bank of the Chenab River. Multan is Pakistan's seventh largest city as per the 2017 census, and the major cultural, religious and economic centre of southern Punjab. Multan is one of the old ...

(1738–1818) *

Kheshgi The Kheshgi, Khaishgi, Kheshagi, Khweshgi, or Kheshki is a prominent Sarbani Pashtun tribe and Imperial dynasty in South Asia. Administration The Kheshgi Tribe is divided into the following sub-tribes: * Batakzi * Umerzai * Hussainzai * Azizi ...

Kasur Kasur (Urdu and pa, ; also romanized as Qasūr; from pluralized Arabic word ''Qasr'' meaning "palaces" or "forts") is a city to south of Lahore, in the Pakistani province of Punjab. The city serves as the headquarters of Kasur District. Kasu ...

(1525–1807) * Langah of

(1445–1526) *

Mirani dynasty The Mirrani or Mirhani Dynasty was a tribe of Baloch who were influential in India between the 15th and 18th centuries. The dynasty founded by Kamal Khan, a Mirani Baloch and a descendant of the founder of Dera Ghazi Khan, In 1550 the dynasty becam ...

(1550–1787) *

Lodi dynasty The Lodi dynasty ( ps, لودي سلسله; fa, سلسله لودی) was an Afghan dynasty that ruled the Delhi Sultanate from 1451 to 1526. It was the fifth and final dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate, and was founded by Bahlul Khan Lodi when he ...

(961–1040) * Emirate of Waziristan (2004–2014) *

Khairpur (princely state) The State of Khairpur ( sd, خيرپور رياست، ur, ریاست خیرپور), also transliterated as Khayrpur, was a princely state of British India on the Indus River in northern Sindh, modern Pakistan, with its capital city at Khairpu ...

(1783–1947) *

Swat (princely state) State of Swat (Urdu, ps, ; locally called as Dera Swat) was a kingdom established in 1849 that was ruled by chiefs known as Akhunds. It was then recognized as a princely state in alliance with the British Indian Empire between 1926 and 1 ...

(1849–present) * Hunza (princely state) (1700–1974) *

Nagar (princely state) Nagar ( ur, , ''Riyasat Nagar'') was a princely state, princely salute state in the northern part of Gilgit–Baltistan, Pakistan. Until August 1947, it was in a subsidiary alliance with British India. It bordered the states of the Gilgit Agen ...

(1660–1974) * Amb (princely state) (1772–1971) * Phulra (princely state) (1828–1950) *

Dir (princely state) Dir was a princely state in a subsidiary alliance with the British Raj, located within the North-West Frontier Province. Following the Partition of British India, Dir remained independent and unaligned until February 1948, when the Dominion ...

(1626–1969) *

Las Bela (princely state) Las Bela () was a princely state in a subsidiary alliance with British India (later a princely state of Pakistan) which existed until 1955. The state occupied an area of in the extreme southeast of the Balochistan region, with an extensive ...

(1742–1955) *

Kharan (princely state) , conventional_long_name = State of Kharan , common_name = Kharan , nation = Dominion of Pakistan , subdivision = Princely State , era = , year_start = 1697 , date_star ...

(1697–1955) *

Makran (princely state) , subdivision = Princely state , nation = Pakistan , image_flag = Flag of the State of Makran.svg , image_map = Makran Map.gif , image_map_caption = Map of Pakistan with Makran highlighted , capital = Kech (Turbat) , stat_year1 = , sta ...

(1898–1955) *

Khanate of Kalat The Khanate of Kalat ( bal, کلاتءِ ھانات) was a Baloch Khanate that existed from 1512 to 1955 in the centre of the modern-day province of Balochistan, Pakistan. Its rulers were Brahui speakers. Prior to that they were subjects of ...

(1666–1955) *

Jandol State Jandol (also called Jandool or Jandul) was a minor Pashtun princely state at the time of the British Raj. It was established circa 1830, with its capital at Barwa (modern Samarbagh). Umra Khan was probably its most prominent ruler. It became a ...

(1830–present) *

Punial The valley of Punial (Urdu: پونیال) is situated in Ghizer District in the Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, where hundreds of thousands of tourists visit annually. Punial is a mountainous valley situated at an elevation of about 5000–9000 fee ...

(1898–1974) *

Yasin Valley Yasin ( ur, ''Yāsīn''), also known as Babaye-i-Yasen () or Worshigum ( khw, ''Worśigūm''), is a high mountain valley in the Hindu Kush mountains, in the northern part of Gupis-Yasin District in the territory of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. ...

(1640–1972) *

Nawab of Kalabagh Malik Amir Mohammad Khan (; 20 June 1910 – 26 November 1967) was the Nawab of Kalabagh and a prominent feudal lord, politician, the chief or sardar of the Awan tribe, and of his tribal estate Kalabagh, in Mianwali District of north western P ...

(1700–1972) *

Nawab Nawab ( Balochi: نواب; ar, نواب; bn, নবাব/নওয়াব; hi, नवाब; Punjabi : ਨਵਾਬ; Persian, Punjabi , Sindhi, Urdu: ), also spelled Nawaab, Navaab, Navab, Nowab, Nabob, Nawaabshah, Nawabshah or Nobab, ...

of Jogezai (1897-present) * Dynasties and Empires of all of Pakistan **

Ghurids The Ghurid dynasty (also spelled Ghorids; fa, دودمان غوریان, translit=Dudmân-e Ğurīyân; self-designation: , ''Šansabānī'') was a Persianate dynasty and a clan of presumably eastern Iranian Tajik origin, which ruled from the ...

(879–1215) ** Ghaznavids (977–1186) **

(1526–1857) ** Durrani Empire (1747–1826) * Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526) **

Mamluk dynasty of Delhi The Mamluk dynasty ( fa, سلطنت مملوک, Salṭanat Mamlūk) was founded in Northern India by Qutb ud-Din Aibak, a Turkic Mamluk slave-general of the Ghurid Empire from Central Asia. The Mamluk dynasty ruled from 1206 to 1290; it was th ...

(1206–1290) ** Khalji Dynasty (1290–1320) **

Tughlaq dynasty The Tughlaq dynasty ( fa, ), also referred to as Tughluq or Tughluk dynasty, was a Muslim dynasty of Indo- Turkic origin which ruled over the Delhi sultanate in medieval India. Its reign started in 1320 in Delhi when Ghazi Malik assumed the ...

(1321–1414) **

Sayyid Dynasty The Sayyid dynasty was the fourth dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate, with four rulers ruling from 1414 to 1451. Founded by Khizr Khan, a former governor of Multan, they succeeded the Tughlaq dynasty and ruled the sultanate as a vassal of the Ti ...

(1414–1451) **

(1451–1526) India * Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526) **

(1206–1290) ** Khalji Dynasty (1290–1320) **

(1321–1414) **

(1414–1451) **

(1451–1526) * Bengal Sultanate (1352–1576) * Khandesh Sultanate under

Farooqi dynasty Farooqui ( ar, الفاروقي); also transliterated as Farooqi, Faruki or Al Farooqui), is a distinct name or surname or last name of Arabic origin. Notable Farooquis * Umar, second Caliph of Islam associate of Muhammad * Hafsa bint Umar, wif ...

(1382–1601) *

Jaunpur Sultanate The Jaunpur Sultanate ( fa, ) was an independent Islamic state in northern India between 1394 and 1479, ruled by the Sharqi dynasty. It was founded in 1394 by Khwajah-i-Jahan Malik Sarwar, a former wazir of Sultan Nasiruddin Muhammad Shah IV ...

(1394–1479) *

Gujarat Sultanate The Gujarat Sultanate (or the Sultanate of Guzerat), was a Medieval Indian kingdom established in the early 15th century in Western India, primarily in the present-day state of Gujarat, India. The dynasty was founded by Sultan Zafar Khan Mu ...

(1407–1573) *

Malwa Sultanate The Malwa Sultanate ( fa, ) (Pashto: ; ''lit: Mālwā Salṭanat'') was a late medieval Islamic sultanate in the Malwa region, covering the present day Indian states of Madhya Pradesh and south-eastern Rajasthan from 1392 to 1562. It was fo ...

(1392–1562) *

Sur Empire The Sur Empire ( ps, د سرو امپراتورۍ, dë sru amparāturəi; fa, امپراطوری سور, emperâturi sur) was an Afghan dynasty which ruled a large territory in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent for nearly 16 year ...

(1540–1556) *

(1526–1857) * Bahmani Sultanate (1347–1527) *

Madurai Sultanate Ma'bar Sultanate ( fa, ), unofficially known as the Madurai Sultanate, was a short lived kingdom based in the city of Madurai in Tamil Nadu, India. The sultanate was proclaimed in 1335 led by Jalaluddin Ahsan Khan declared his independenc ...

(1335–1378) *

Mysore Kingdom The Kingdom of Mysore was a realm in southern India, traditionally believed to have been founded in 1399 in the vicinity of the modern city of Mysore. From 1799 until 1950, it was a princely state, until 1947 in a subsidiary alliance with Brit ...

(1749–1799) under

Hyder Ali Hyder Ali ( حیدر علی, ''Haidarālī''; 1720 – 7 December 1782) was the Sultan and ''de facto'' ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore in southern India. Born as Hyder Ali, he distinguished himself as a soldier, eventually drawing the at ...

Tippu Sultan Tipu Sultan (born Sultan Fateh Ali Sahab Tipu, 1 December 1751 – 4 May 1799), also known as the Tiger of Mysore, was the ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore based in South India. He was a pioneer of rocket artillery.Dalrymple, p. 243 He i ...

* Deccan sultanates (1489–1687) **

Bidar Sultanate Bidar sultanate was one of the Deccan sultanates of late medieval southern India. The sultanate emerged under the rule of Qasim Barid I in 1492 and leadership passed to his sons. Starting from the 1580s, a wave of successions occurred in th ...

(1489–1619) ** Ahmadnagar Sultanate (1490–1637) **

Berar Sultanate Berar Sultanate, also called as Imad Shahi Sultanate was one of the Deccan sultanates, which was founded by an Indian Muslim. It was established in 1490 following the disintegration of the Bahmani Sultanate. History Background The origin of th ...

(1490–1572) **

Bijapur Sultanate The Adil Shahi or Adilshahi, was a Shia,Salma Ahmed Farooqui, ''A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: From Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century'', (Dorling Kindersley Pvt Ltd., 2011), 174. and later Sunni Muslim,Muhammad Qasim Firishta's T ...

(1490–1686) ** Golconda Sultanate (1518–1687) *

Nagpur Kingdom The Kingdom of Nagpur was an Indian kingdom in the 18th and 19th centuries. It came under the rule of the Marathas of the Bhonsle dynasty in the mid-18th century and became part of the Maratha Empire. The city of Nagpur was the capital of the sta ...

(1580-1885) *Nawab of Bengal and Murshidabad (1707-1880) *Arcot State (1692–1855) *Oudh State (1732–1858) *Balasinor State (1758–1948) *Banda (state) (1790–1858) *Nawab of Banganapalle (1665–1947) *Baoni State (1784–1947) *Basoda State (1753–1947) *Bhopal State (1723–1947) *Dujana (1806–1947) *Farrukhabad, Nawab of Farrukhabad (1714–1802) *Hyderabad State (1724–1949) *Jafarabad State (1650–1948) *Janjira State (1489–1948) *Jaora State (1808–1948) *Junagadh State (1730–1948) *Kamadhia (1817–1947) *Cambay State (1730–1948) *Arakkal Kingdom (1545–1819) *Kurnool, Nawab of Kurnool (1690–1839) *Kurwai State (1713–1923) *Loharu State (1806–1931) *Malerkotla State (1468–1947) *Bantva Manavadar (1733–1947) *Mohammadgarh State (1818–1947) *Palanpur State (1597–1947) *Pataudi State (1804–1931) *Pathari State (1794–1947) *Radhanpur State (1753–1948) *Rajouri, Nawab of Rajouri (1194–1846) *Rampur State (1719–1947) *Sachin State (1791–1947) *Sardargarh Bantva (1743–1948) *Savanur State (1680–1912) *Surat, Nawab of Surat (1733–1842) *Tonk State (1817–1947) *Zainabad (1903–1947) *Mewat (1372–1527) *Kharagpur Raj (1503–1840) *Qaimkhani (1384–1731) *Lalkhani *Kingdom of Rohilkhand (1710–1857) *Nanpara (1632–1947) *Nawab of Mamdot (1800–1947) *Bhikampur and Datawali (Aligarh) State (1750–1947) *Farrukhnagar, Nawab of Farrukhnagar (1732–1947) *Nawab of Chhatari (1680–1981) *Nawab of Sardhana (1842–1947) *Faujdars of Purnea (1704-1947) *Pahasu, Nawab of Pahasu (1825-1969)

Southern Europe

Spain & Portugal *Emirate of Córdoba, Emirate of Cordoba (756–929) *Caliph of Cordoba (929-1031) *Taifa of Arjona (1232-1244) *Barcelona, Taifa of Barcelona (716-801) *Taifa of Baeza (1224-1226) *Taifa of Ceuta (1026-1079) *Taifa of Constantina and Hornachuelos (1143-1150) *Taifa of Guadix and Baza (1145-1151) *Taifa of Saltes and Huelva (1012-1051) *Taifa of Jaen (1145-1168) *Taifa of Lérida (1039-1046,1102-1110) *Taifa of Murviedro and Sagunto (1086-1092) *Taifa of Orihuela (1239-1249) *Taifa of Purchena (1145-1150) *Taifa of Segura (1147-1150) *Taifa of Tortosa (1010-1099) *Taifa of Tejada (1146-1150) *Valencia, Taifa of Valencia (1010-1238) *Taifa of Alpuente (1009–1106) *Taifa of Badajoz (1009–1151) *Taifa of Morón (1010–1066) *Taifa of Toledo (1010–1085) *Taifa of Tortosa (1010–1099) *Taifa of Arcos (1011–1145) *Taifa of Almería (1010–1147) *Taifa of Denia (1010–1227) *Taifa of Valencia (1010–1238) *Taifa of Murcia (1011–1266) *Taifa of Albarracín (1012–1104) *Taifa of Zaragoza (1013–1110) *Taifa of Granada (1013–1145) *Taifa of Carmona (1013–1150) *Taifa of Santa María de Algarve (1018–1051) *Taifa of Mallorca (1018–1203) *Taifa of Lisbon (1022–1093) *Taifa of Seville (1023–1091) *Taifa of Niebla (1023–1262) *Taifa of Córdoba (1031–1091) *Taifa of Mértola (1033–1151) *Taifa of Algeciras (1035–1058) *Taifa of Ronda (1039–1065) *Taifa of Silves (1040–1151) *Taifa of Málaga (1073–1239) *Taifa of Molina (c. 1080's–1100) *Taifa of Lorca (1228–1250) *Taifa of Menorca (1228–1287) *Emirate of Granada (1228–1492) France * Fraxinetum (887-972) * The Septimania, Emirate of Septimania, ''Southern France'' (Gaul) (719-759) Rule by: Umayyad Caliph of Córdoba, Spain, Cordova Italy * The Emirate of Bari (847–871) * The Taranto, Emirate of Taranto (831-880) * The Emirate of Sicily (802-1091) Rule by: **Sicily, Wali of Sicily (802-827) Euphemius & Asad ** Aghlabids, Aghlabids of Sicily (827-909) ** Fatimids, Fatimids of Sicily (909-965) ** Emirate of Sicily (965-1091) Kalbids Gibraltar *Gibraltar Maghreb (711-1462)

West and East Africa (West and East Africa, Sahel)

Sudan, South Sudan *

(1004–1412) Nubian *Kingdom of al-Abwab (1276–1560) *Darfur Sultanate (1445–1916) *Dar Fertit (1700-1873) *Masalit people, Dar al Masalit Sultanate (1884–1921) *Dar Qimr Sultanate (1850–1945) *Funj Sultanate (1503–1821) *Kingdom of Fazughli (1685–1821) Under Sennar *Kordofan, Kordofan Sultanate (1700–1821) *

(1867–1914) *Mahdist State, Mahdiyya (1889–1898) *

(1914–1z922) *

(1922–1958) Mauritania *Emirate of Brakna (1600–1934) *Emirate of Trarza (1640–present) *

of Adrar Region, Adrar (1740–1932) *

of Tagant Region, Tagant (1580–present) Niger *Dendi Kingdom (1591–1901) *Sultanate of Agadez (1449–1900) *Sultanate of Damagaram (1731–present) *Dosso kingdom (1750–present) *

Maradi, Niger, Maradi (1807–present) *Téra, Tera Kingdom (1700–present) *Kokorou, Kokoro Kingdom (1700–1901) *Goure, Goure Kingdom (1700–1960) *Dargol, Dargol Kingdom (1700–1901) *Emirate of Say (1825-1860) Nigeria *Bornu Empire (1380–1893) *Sokoto Caliphate (1804–1903) *Hausa Kingdoms (1696–1831) *Nupe Kingdom (1531–1872) *Biu Emirate, Biu Kingdom (1535–1740) *Dutse, Gadawur Kingdom (1421–1807) *Hadejia, Biram Kingdom (1110–1808) *Ila Orangun, Kingdom of Ila Orangun (1680–present) *Iwo, Osun, Iwo Kingdom (1415–present) *Kingdom of Kano (999–1349) *Sultanate of Kano (1350–1805) *Kebbi, Sultanate of Kebbi (1515–1831) *Yauri, Nigeria, Yauri Kingdom (1400–1799) *Zamfara State, Zamfara Kingdom (1200–1804) *Zaria, Zaria Kingdom (1200–1896) *Osogbo, Osogbo Kingdom (1760–present) *Ede, Osun, Ede Kingdom (1858–present) *Suleja Emirate (1804–present) *Adamawa Emirate (1809–present) *Agaie Emirate (1832–present) *Bade Emirate (1818–present) *Bashar, Plateau, Nigeria, Bashar Emirate *Bauchi Emirate (1805–present) *Bida Emirate (1856–present) *Biu Emirate (1740–present) *Birnin Gwari *Borgu Emirate (1730–present) *Borno Emirate (1902–present) *Damaturu Emirate (2004–present) *Daura Emirate (1778–present) *Dikwa Emirate (1901–present) *Fika Emirate (1806–present) *Gobir Kingdom (1694–1800) *Gobir, Gobir Emirate (1800–present) *Gombe Emirate (1804–present) *Gujba, Gujba Emirate (2000–present) *Gumel Emirate (1750–present) *Gusau, Gusau Emirate (1997–present) *Gwandu Emirate (1849–present) *Hadejia Emirate (1808–present) *Ohinoyi of Ebiraland (1904–present) *Ilorin Emirate (1824–present) *Tarmuwa, Jajere Emirate (2000–present) *Jama'are, Jama'are Emirate (1811–present) *Jema'a, Jema'a Emirate (1810–present) *Kano Emirate (1805–present) *Katagum Emirate (1807–present) *Katsina Emirate (1903–present) *Kazaure Emirate (1819–present) *Kebbi Emirate (1849–present) *Keffi, Keffi Emirate (1802–present) *Kontagora Emirate (1858–present) *Koton Karifi (1800–present) *Lafia Emirate (1650–present) *Lafiagi, Lafiagi Emirate (1975–present) *Lapai Emirate (1825–present) *Lere, Nigeria, Lere Emirate (1808–present) *Machina, Nigeria, Machina Emirate *Misau, Misau Emirate (1850–present) *Mubi (town), Mubi Emirate (1805–present) *Muri, Nigeria, Muri Emirate (1817–present) *Nasarawa, Nasarawa Emirate (1835–present) *Ningi, Nigeria, Ningi Emirate (1827–present) *Pategi Emirate (1897–present) *Potiskum Emirate (1809–present) *Tula Chiefdom (2003–present) *Rano, Rano Emirate (1819–present) *Rano, Rano Kingdom (523–1819) *Yauri Emirate (1799–present) *Zamfara State, Zamfara Emirate (1804–present) *Zazzau, Zazzau Emirate (1808–present) *Etsako West, Agbede (1880–present) *Ajasse Ipo (1749–present) *Ado-Odo, Ado-Odo Kingdom (1494–present) *Auchi (1819–present) *Kaiama, Kaiama Emirate (1770–present) *Dutse, Dutse Emirate (1807–present) *Gwoza, Gwoza Emirate (1919–present) *Ibadan (1820–present) *Bichi, Bichi Emirate (2019–present) *Gaya, Nigeria, Gaya Emirate (2019–present) *Karaye, Karaye Emirate (2019–present) *Kwara State, Gwanara Emirate (1810–present) *Shanga, Nigeria, Shanga Emirate (1859–present) *Wase, Nigeria, Wase Emirate (1820–present) *Kwara State, Yashikira Emirate (1769–present) *Bwari, Bwari Emirate (1976–present) Mali *Ghana Empire (500–1200) *Mali Empire (1230–1670) *Gao Empire (750–1430) *Songhai Empire (1340–1591) *

(1591–1833) *Sosso Empire (1100–1235) *Bamana Empire (1712–1862) *Kaarta Empire (1753–1854) Regional *Fulani Empire of Sokoto (1804–1903) *Fulani or Fulbe Empire of Massina Empire, Macina of Seku Amadu (1818–1862) *Fulani or Fulbe Empire of El Hajj Oumar Tall, Toucouleur Empire (1848–1898) *Fulani or Fulbe Empire of Bundu (state) of Malick Daouda Sy (1669–1954) *Kanem Empire (700–1380) *Bornu Empire (1380–1893) *Wadai Empire (1501–1912) *Ghana Empire (500–1200) *Mali Empire (1230–1670) Cameroon *Fon of Bafut, Bafut Kingdom (1750–present) *Kotoko kingdom (1450–present) *Bamum Kingdom (1394–present) *Banyo, Cameroon, Banyo Kingdom (1830–present) *Bibemi, Bibemi Sultanate (1770–present) *Garoua, Garoua Sultanate (1810–present) *Kontcha, Kontcha Kingdom (1902–present) *Kungi Kingdom (1990–present) *Logone-Birni, Logone-Birni Kingdom (1805–present) *Mandara Kingdom (1500–present) *Maroua, Maroua Sultanate (1792–present) *N'Gaoundere, N'Gaoundere Sultanate (1836–present) *Rey Bouba, Rey Bouba Sultanate (1804–present) *Tibati, Tibati Lamidate (1810–present) *Bankim, Bankim Kingdom (1760–present) *Mbum language, Mboum Kingdom (1800–present) Benin *Kandi, Benin, Kandi Kingdom (1700–present) *Parakou, Parakou Kingdom (1700–present) *Kwande (1709–1961) *Nikki, Benin, Nikki Kingdom (1700–present) *Djougou (1750–present) Burkina Faso *Mossi Kingdom (1095–1898) *Ouagadougou, Wogodogo Kingdom (1182–present) *Yatenga, Yatenga Kingdom (1333–present) *Tenkodogo, Tenkodogo Kingdom (1120–present) *Bilanga, Bilanga Kingdom (1700–present) *List of rulers of Liptako, Koala Kingdom (1810–present) *Royal family of Nungu, Nungu Kingdom (1204–present) *Pama, Burkina Faso, Pama Kingdom (1600–present) *Gurunsi, Gurunsi Kingdom (1870–1897) *Liptako, Liptako Kingdom (1810–present) *Gwiriko, Gwiriko Kingdom (1714–1915) Chad *Kanem Empire (700–1380) *Wadai Empire (1501–1912) *

of Yao, Chad, Yao (1400-1890) *Tunjur kingdom (1400–1650) *Kingdom of Baguirmi (1485–1898) *Dar Sila (1213–1643) *Dar Runga (1700–1898) *Rabih az Zubaiyr (1860-1900) *Kabka Sultanate (1990-Present) Central African Republic *Dar al Kuti

(1830–1912) *Rafai

(1800–1966) *Zemio

(1830–1923) *Bangassou

(1780–1966) Côte d'Ivoire *Kong Empire (1690–1913) *Kabasarana (1846–1880) *Bouna, Ivory Coast, Bouna Kingdom (1600–present) Ghana *Dagbon Kingdom (1409–present) *Kingdom of Wala (1317–present) *Mamprusi (1450–present) *Nanumba people, Nanumba (1850–present) *Gonja kingdom (1564–present) *Zabarima (emirate), Zabarima Emirate (1860–1897) Senegambia *Imamate of Futa Toro (1776–1821) *Imamate of Futa Jallon (1725–1911) *Empire of Great Fulo (1490–1776) *Jolof Empire (1350–1549) *Kingdom of Jolof (1549–1875) *Cayor (1549–1879) *Kingdom of Sine (1449–1969) *Kingdom of Khasso, Xaaso (1600–1880) *Takrur Kingdom (800–1285) *Baol (1555–1894) *Waalo (1287–1855) *Kingdom of Saloum (1494–1969) Gambia *Baro , Gambia, Baro Kingdom (1600–1892) *Fuladugu, Fuladugu Kingdom (1867–present) *Marabout, Marabout Kingdom (1851–1887) Guinea *Benna (Guinea), Benna Kingdom (1858–1904) *Bramaya, Bramaya Kingdom (1800–1883) *Dubreka, Dubreka Kingdom (1800–1888) *Fuuta Jalon (1726–1912) *Kanea, Kanea Kingdom (1800–1880) *Kinsam, Kinsam Kingdom (1850–1894) *Koba (Guinea), Koba Kingdom (1700–1898) *Landuma people, Landuma Kingdom (1700–1892) *Nalu people, Nalu Kingdom (1845–1884) *Samburu people, Samburu Kingdom (1700–1892) *Solima, Solima Kingdom (1850–1894) *Timbi-Touny, Timbi Tunni Kingdom (1800–1890) Guinea Bissau *Kaabu, N'Gabu Kingdom (1850–1903) Togo *Kotokolia (1785–present) *Tchamba (1750–present) *Bafilo (1700–present) *Bassar (1800–present) *Cokossi (1750–present) Sierra Leone *Alikalia, Alikalia Kingdom (1817–1898) *Biriwa Chiefdom (1800–present) *Dembelia Sikunia (1850–present) *Imperri Chiefdom (1850–present) *Kaiyamba Chiefdom (1884–present) *Mandé peoples, Mande (1800–1919) *Nongowa Chiefdom (1820–present) *Safroko Limba Chiefdom (1907–present) *Susu people, Susu Kingdom (1806–1892) *Kingdom of Koya (1505–1908) *Ko Fransa Kingdom (1700–1859) *Tonko Limba Chiefdom (1836–present) *Wonkafong (1794–1890)

East Africa

Tanzania *Pemba Island, Pemba Sultanate (1550–1829) *Hadimu, Hadimu Sultanate (1650–1873) *Unyanyembe, Unyanyembe Kingdom (1727–present) *Kilindi dynasty (1750-Present) *Tumbatu, Tumbatu Sultanate (1800–1865) *Ujiji, Ujiji Sultanate (1800–present) *Sultanate of Zanzibar (1856–1964) *Uhehu Sultanate (1860–1962) Kenya *Malindi Kingdom (850-1861) *Kilwa Sultanate (957–1517) *Pate Sultanate (1203–1870) *Mombasa, Mombasa Sultanate (1502–1895) *Wituland (1858–1929) Democratic Republic of the Congo *Tippu Tip's State (1860–1887) *

Kasongo (1860-1895) Malawi *Yao people (East Africa), Yao Chieftain (*1500–present) *Jumbes of Nkhotakota (1840-1894) Mozambique *Angoche Sultanate (1485–1910) *Kitangonya Sheikhdom (1750–1906) *Sankul Sheikhdom (1753–1910)

Indian Ocean Region

Maldives *Sultanate of Maldives (1153–1968) **Sultanate of Mogadishu, Sultanate of Mogadishu (1150-1300) **Theemuge dynasty (1161–1338) **Hilaalee dynasty (1388–1558) **Utheemu dynasty (1632–1692) **Hamavi dynasty (1692) **Devadhu dynasty (1692–1701) **Isdhoo dynasty (1701–1704) **Dhiyamigili dynasty (1704–1759, 1766–1773) **Huraa dynasty (1759–1766, 1774–1968) Mayotte * The Mayotte, Sultanate of Mwati (1500-1841) Comoros * The Anjoun, Sultanate of Ndzuwani (1711-1912) * The Grand Comore, Sultanate of Ngazidjia (1400-1912) Sultanate of Bambao * The Moheli, Sultanate of Mwali (1830-1909) * The Bajini, Sultanate of Bajini (1500-1889) * The Itsandra, Sultanate of Itsandra (1400-1886) * The Mitsamihuli, Sultanate of Mitsamihuli * The Washili, Sultanate of Washili * The Hambuu, Sultanate of Hambuu * The Hamahame, Sultanate of Hamahame * The Mbwankuu, Sultanate of Mbwankuu * The Mbude, Sultanate of Mbude * The Domba, Sultanate of Domba Madagascar * The Sakalava people, Sakalava Kingdom (1500-1898) * The Antemoro people, Antemoro Kingdom (1495-1888)

Eastern Europe (Balkan Region)

Ukraine, Moldova *Crimean Khanate (1441–1783) *Budjak Horde (1603–1799) Romania, Bulgaria *Tamrash Republic (1878–1886) *Provisional Government of Western Thrace (1913) Greece *Pashalik of Yanina (1788–1822) *Emirate of Crete (820–961) Albania *Pashalik of Scutari (1757–1831) *Pashalik of Berat (1774–1809)

Ural Region, Siberia (Russia)

*Volga Bulgaria (922–1236) *Golden Horde (1251–1502) *Khanate of Kazan, Kazan Khanate (1438–1552) *Astrakhan Khanate (1466–1556) *Qasim Khanate (1452–1681) *Bashkirs (800–1557) *Sibir Khanate (1468–1598) *Great Horde (1466–1502) *Nogai Horde (1440–1634) *Nogai Horde, Lesser Nogai Horde (1449–1783) *Crimean Khanate (1441–1783) *Mishar Yurt (1298–1393) *Mukhsha Ulus (1300-1500) *Idel-Ural State (1918)

Central Asia, East Asia

Transoxania (Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan) *Afrighid dynasty (305–995) *Principality of Ushrusana (822–892) *Kara-Khanid Khanate, Karakhanid Empire (840–1212, Transoxiana) *Seljuk Empire (1029–1194, based in Merv, Eastern Division *Khwarazmian dynasty, Khwarazmian Empire (1077–1231) *Timurid dynasty (1370–1507) *Chagatai Khanate (Mongol) (1226–1347) *Muhtajids (950–1030) *Yarkent Khanate (1487–1705) *Shaybanid (1428–1599) *Samanid dynasty (819–999) * Ghaznavids (977–1186) *Khanate of Bukhara (1500–1785) *Kazakh Khanate (1456–1847) *Khanate of Khiva (1511–1920) *Khanate of Kokand (1709–1876) *Uzbek Khanate (1428–1471) *White Horde (Mongol) (1360–1428) *Emirate of Bukhara (1785–1920) *Golden Horde (Mongol) (1313–1502) *Bukey Horde (1801–1845) *Sufids (1361–1379) China *Kara-Khanid Khanate (840–1212, based in Kashgar) *Moghulistan (Mongol) (1347–1462) **Western Moghulistan (1462–1690) **Eastern Moghulistan / Moghulistan, Uyghurstan (1462–1680) *Yarkent Khanate (1514–1705) *Turpan Khanate (1487–1570) *Kashgaria Khanate (1865–1877) *Kumul Khanate (1696–1930) *Khoja, Khoja Kingdom (1693–1857) *Dughlats (1466–1514) *Kingdom of Mangalai (1220–1877) *Pingnan Guo (1856–1873) *First East Turkestan Republic (1933–1934) *Second East Turkestan Republic (1944–1949) *Ma Clique (1919-1928) under General Ma Bufang *Dunganistan (1934-1937)

Southeast Asia

Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia *Samudera Pasai Sultanate (1267–1521) *Malacca Sultanate (1400–1511) *List of sultans of Brunei, Bruneian Sultanate (1363–present) *Aceh Sultanate (1496–1904) *Sultanate of Siak (1723–1949) *Aru Kingdom (1225–1613) *Sultanate of Langkat (1568–1946) *Sultanate of Asahan (1630–1946) *Sultanate of Serdang (1723–1946) *Sultanate of Deli (1632–1946) *Pagaruyung Kingdom (1347–1833) *Sultan of Johor, Sultanate of Johor (1528–present) *Kedah Sultanate, Sultanate of Kedah (1136–present) *Kelantan Sultanate, Sultanate of Kelantan (1267–present) *Perak Sultanate, Sultanate of Perak (1528–present) *Sultan of Pahang, Sultanate of Pahang (1470–present) *Selangor Sultanate, Sultanate of Selangor (1743–present) *Sultanate of Terengganu (1725–present) *House of Jamalullail (Perlis), Perlis Kingdom (1843–present) *Yamtuan Besar, Negeri Sembilan Kingdom (1773–present) *Sultanate of Sarawak (1599–1641) *Bima Sultanate (1620–1958) *Mataram Sultanate (1586–1755) *Demak Sultanate (1475–1554) *Cirebon Sultanate (1430–1666) *Banten Sultanate (1527–1813) *Kingdom of Pajang (1568–1618) *Yogyakarta Sultanate (1755–present) *Surakarta Sunanate (1755–1945) *Kingdom of Sumedang Larang (1527–1620) *Kalinyamat Sultanate (1527–1599) *Sultanate of Ternate (1257–1914) *Sultanate of Tidore (1450–1967) *Sultanate of Jailolo (1200s–1832) *Sultanate of Bacan (1322–1965) *Sultanate of Banjar (1526–1860) *Sultanate of Pontianak (1771–1950) *Kutai, Kutai Kartanegara Sultanate (1600s–1945) *Sultanate of Sambas (1609–1956) *Sultanate of Sintang (1365–1950) *Sultanate of Bulungan (1731–1964) *Kingdom of Bolaang Mongondow (1670–1950) *Sultanate of Gowa (1300s–1945) *Kingdom of Tallo (1400–1856) *Palembang Sultanate (1659–1823) *Kingdom of Kaimana (1309–1923) *Jambi Sultanate (1550–1905) *Riau-Lingga Sultanate (1824–1911) Philippines Moro Sultanates (Philippines)

*Kingdom of Manila (1258–1571) *Namayan, Kingdom of Namayan (1175–1571) *Tondo (historical polity), Kingdom of Tondo (1450–1589) *Dapitan Kingdom (1200–1595) *Mactan, Datu of Mactan (1500–1540) *Sultanate of Maguindanao (1515–1905) *Sultanate of Sulu (1405–1915, 1962–1986) *Balayan, Bon-bon sultanate Thailand *Pattani Kingdom (1457–1902) *Sultanate of Singora (1605–1680) *Kingdom of Setul Mambang Segara (1808–1916) *Kingdom of Reman (1810–1902)

Middle East and North Africa

Mesopotamia and Levant (Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Syria)

Arabian Peninsula and Persian Gulf

North Africa (Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia)

Horn of Africa

Persian Plateau

Indian subcontinent

Southern Europe

West and East Africa (West and East Africa, Sahel)

East Africa

Indian Ocean Region

Eastern Europe (Balkan Region)

Ural Region, Siberia (Russia)

Central Asia, East Asia

Southeast Asia

See also