Ischyropsalis Dentipalpis

''Ischyropsalis'' is a genus of harvestmen in the family Ischyropsalididae, found in Europe. There are more than 20 described species in ''Ischyropsalis''.

Description

Species in this genus range in body length from about four to 8.5 mm. They have moderately long legs. The greatly enlarged chelicerae can be almost twice as long as the body. While they share this feature with the Nipponopsalididae, this is a case of convergent evolution. The elongated pedipalps are rather slender. Some species occur in caves.

Distribution

Members of this genus are restricted to Europe, with many species found in the mountains ( Pyrenees, Alps, Carpathian Mountains, and Dinaric Mountains). They reach into the Netherlands, northwestern Germany and Poland in the north and to Calabria in the south. A find from Sardinia is considered doubtful.

Name

The genus name is a combination of Ancient Greek ''ischyros'' "strong" and ''psalis'' "shears", referring to the greatly enlarged chelicerae.

Species

These 21 species belong to the genus ''Ischyropsalis'':

* ''Ischyropsalis adamii'' Canestrini, 1873
* '' Ischyropsalis cantabrica'' Luque & Labrada, 2012
* '' Ischyropsalis carli'' Lessert, 1905
* '' Ischyropsalis dentipalpis'' Canestrini, 1872
* ''Ischyropsalis dispar'' Simon, 1872
* ''Ischyropsalis gigantea'' Dresco, 1968
* ''Ischyropsalis hadzii'' Roewer, 1950
* ''Ischyropsalis hellwigi'' (Panzer, 1794)
* ''Ischyropsalis hispanica'' Roewer, 1953
* '' Ischyropsalis kollari'' C.L.Koch, 1839
* ''Ischyropsalis lithoclasica'' Schönhofer & Martens, 2010
* ''Ischyropsalis luteipes'' Simon, 1872
* ''Ischyropsalis magdalenae'' Simon, 1881
* '' Ischyropsalis manicata'' C.L.Koch, 1865
* '' Ischyropsalis muellneri'' Hamann, 1898
* '' Ischyropsalis navarrensis'' Roewer, 1950
* '' Ischyropsalis nodifera'' Simon, 1879
* ''Ischyropsalis noltei'' Dresco, 1972
* '' Ischyropsalis petiginosa'' Simon, 1913
* '' Ischyropsalis pyrenaea'' Simon, 1872
* '' Ischyropsalis ravasinii'' Hadzi, 1942
* '' Ischyropsalis robusta'' Simon, 1872
* ''Ischyropsalis strandi'' Kratochvil, 1936

Taxonomic synonyms

The following were determined to be synonyms of the above species and are no longer valid.

* ''I. alfkeni'' Roewer, 1950, synonym of ''I. muellneri''
* ''I. amseli'' Roewer, 1950, synonym of ''I. adamii''
* ''I. archeri'' Roewer, 1950, synonym of ''I. dispar''
* ''I. asturica'' Roewer, 1950, synonym of ''I. nodifera''
* ''I. austriaca'' Roewer, 1950, synonym of ''I. manicata''
* ''I. balcanica'' Roewer, 1950, synonym of ''I. manicata''
* ''I. bosnica'' Roewer, 1914, synonym of ''I. kollari''
* ''I. caporiaccoi'' Roewer, 1950, synonym of ''I. luteipes''
* ''I. corcyraea'' Roewer, 1914, synonym of ''I. muellneri''
* ''I. corsica'' Roewer, 1950, synonym of ''I. nodifera''
* ''I. dacica'' Roewer, 1916, synonym of ''I. manicata''
* ''I. danubia'' Roewer, 1950, synonym of ''I. kollari''
* ''I. franzi'' Roewer, 1950, synonym of ''I. hellwigii''
* ''I. goodnighti'' Roewer, 1950, synonym of ''I. dispar''
* ''I. helvetica'' Roewer, 1916, synonym of ''I. dentipalpis, I. manicata''
* ''I. janetscheki'' Roewer, 1950, synonym of ''I. nodifera''
* ''I. kastneri'' Roewer, 1950, synonym of ''I. manicata''
* ''I. knirschi'' Roewer, 1950, synonym of ''I. strandi''
* ''I. kratochvili'' Roewer, 1950, synonym of ''I. adamii''
* ''I. lusitanica'' Roewer, 1923, synonym of ''I. robusta''
* ''I. moreana'' Roewer, 1950, synonym of ''I. nodifera, I. pyrenaea''
* ''I. nicaea'' Roewer, 1950, synonym of ''I. navarrensis''
* ''I. nivalis'' Roewer, 1950, synonym of ''I. kollari''
* ''I. pentelica'' Roewer, 1950, synonym of ''I. carli''
* ''I. pestae'' Roewer, 1950, synonym of ''I. luteipes''
* ''I. plicata'' Roewer, 1923, synonym of ''I. hellwigii''
* ''I. reimoseri'' Roewer, 1950, synonym of ''I. kollari''
* ''I. segregata'' Roewer, 1950, synonym of ''I. kollari''
* ''I. spinichelis'' Roewer, 1950, synonym of ''I. kollari''
* ''I. strasseri'' Roewer, 1950, synonym of ''I. kollari''
* ''I. styriaca'' Roewer, 1950, synonym of ''I. kollari''
* ''I. turki'' Roewer, 1950, synonym of ''I. navarrensis''

According to L. Labrada and C. Prieto in Schönhofer (2013), "Establishment of the present-day taxonomy and validating species-specific characters in Ischyropsalis have been mainly facilitated by the thorough revision of Martens (1969). Having been unable to borrow many types from the Iberian Peninsula, part of his work remained hypothetical for that local fauna, which was later corrected by Dresco (e.g. 1970, 1972), Luque (1991, 1992) and Prieto (1990a, 1990b). Of the 42 species described or emended by Roewer (1914, 1916, 1923, 1950, 1953a) only two remain valid."

References

Further reading

* (eds.) (2007): Harvestmen - The Biology of Opiliones. ''Harvard University Press''
*

Harvestmen

{{opiliones-stub