Ironwood is a common name for many

wood Wood is a porous and fibrous structural tissue found in the stems and roots of trees and other woody plants. It is an organic materiala natural composite of cellulose fibers that are strong in tension and embedded in a matrix of lignin th ...

s or plants that have a reputation for hardness, or specifically a wood density that is heavier than water (approximately 1000 kg/m³, or 62 pounds per cubic foot), although usage of the name ironwood in English may or may not indicate a tree that yields such heavy wood.

Some of the species with their common name

* ''

Acacia aulacocarpa ''Acacia aulacocarpa'', also known as New Guinea wattle or golden flowered salwood, is an Australian shrub or tree in the family Fabaceae. It is found in northern Australia, Papua New Guinea, Irian Jaya and parts of Indonesia. Description ''A ...

'' (Brush ironwood) * ''

Acacia estrophiolata ''Acacia estrophiolata'', commonly known as ironwood, southern ironwood, desert ironwood or utjanypa, is a tree native to Central Australia. Description It is a graceful, pendulous shade tree, which grows from about tall and has a trunk with a ...

'' (Southern ironwood), central Australia * ''

Acacia excelsa ''Acacia excelsa'', also known as ironwood, rosewood, bunkerman and doodlallie is a tree of the genus ''Acacia'' and the subgenus ''Plurinerves'' that is endemic to inland parts of north-eastern Australia. In the Gamilaraay language it is known as ...

'' (Ironwood) * ''

Acacia melanoxylon ''Acacia melanoxylon'', commonly known as the Australian blackwood, is an ''Acacia'' species native in South eastern Australia. The species is also known as Blackwood, hickory, mudgerabah, Tasmanian blackwood, or blackwood acacia. The tree belon ...

'' (Ironwood) * ''

Acacia stenophylla ''Acacia stenophylla'' is a species of Acacia commonly referred to as the shoestring acacia. It is an evergreen tree in the family Fabaceae native to Australia. It is not considered rare or endangered. Description ''Acacia stenophylla'' varies i ...

'' (Ironwood), Australia * ''

Aegiphila martinicensis ''Aegiphila'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae, first described in 1763. It was formerly classified in the Verbenaceae. It is native to Mexico, Central America, South America, the West Indies, and Florida.França, F ...

'' (Ironwood) * ''

Afzelia africana ''Afzelia africana'', the African mahogany, afzelia, lenke, lengue, apa, or doussi, is a tree species in the family Fabaceae. Range It occurs in Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, DRCongo, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Gui ...

'' (Ironwood) * ''

Androstachys johnsonii ''Androstachys johnsonii'', the Lebombo ironwood, is a medium-sized Afrotropical tree species, and the sole member of the genus ''Androstachys'' in the Picrodendraceae. It is slow-growing, evergreen to deciduous, and dioecious, with flowers that ...

'' (Lebombo ironwood), southeastern Africa and

Madagascar Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links=no, ; french: République de Madagascar), is an island country in the Indian Ocean, approximately off the coast of East Africa ...

* ''

Allagoptera caudescens ''Allagoptera caudescens'' is a species of flowering plant in the palm family endemic to Brazil, where it is known as buri palm.Uhl, Natalie W. and Dransfield, John (1987) ''Genera Palmarum - A classification of palms based on the work of Harold ...

'', ''

Borassus flabellifer ''Borassus flabellifer'', commonly known as doub palm, palmyra palm, tala or tal palm, toddy palm, wine palm or ice apple, is native to South Asia (especially in Bangladesh & South India) and Southeast Asia. It is reportedly naturalized in Socot ...

'', ''

Caryota urens ''Caryota urens'' is a species of flowering plant in the palm family, native to Sri Lanka, India, Myanmar and Malaysia (perhaps elsewhere in Indo-Malayan region), where they grow in fields and rainforest clearings, it is regarded as introduced ...

'', ''

Iriartea deltoidea ''Iriartea'' is a genus in the palm family Arecaceae, native to Central and South America. The best-known species – and probably the only one – is ''Iriartea deltoidea'', which is found from Nicaragua, south into Bolivia and a great p ...

'' Black Palm, Palmira wood (Black ironwood) * ''

Argania spinosa ''Argania'' (Tashelhit: ⴰⵔⴳⴰⵏ ''Argan'') is a genus of flowering plants containing the sole species ''Argania spinosa'', known as argan, a tree endemic to the calcareous semidesert Sous valley of southwestern Morocco and to the regi ...

'' (Morocco ironwood, Thorny, Prickly ironwood) * ''

Astronium fraxinifolium ''Astronium fraxinifolium'' is a timber tree, which is native to Amazon Rainforest, Atlantic Forest, Caatinga, and Cerrado vegetation in Brazil. Common names include kingwood, locustwood, tigerwood, and zebrawood. It is known in Portuguese as Gon ...

'', ''

Astronium urundeuva ''Astronium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the cashew family, Anacardiaceae. It is native to Central and South America. ''Astronium'' is a genus of dioecious trees. Leaves are deciduous, alternate, and odd-pinnate. Species , Plants of the ...

'' (Ironwood) * ''

Backhousia bancroftii ''Backhousia'' is a genus of thirteen currently known species of flowering plants in the family Myrtaceae. All the currently known species are endemic to Australia in the rainforests and seasonally dry forests of Queensland, New South Wales and ...

'' (Bancroft's ironwood) * ''

Backhousia citriodora ''Backhousia citriodora'' (common names lemon myrtle, lemon scented myrtle, lemon scented ironwood) is a flowering plant in the family Myrtaceae, genus ''Backhousia''. It is endemic to subtropical rainforests of central and south-eastern Queensl ...

'' (Lemon ironwood), northeastern Australia * ''

Backhousia myrtifolia ''Backhousia myrtifolia'' (commonly referred to as ''carrol, neverbreak, iron wood, grey myrtle'' or ''cinnamon myrtle'') is a small rainforest tree species which grows in subtropical rainforests of Eastern Australia. First discovered and s ...

'' (Carrol ironwood, Ironwood) * (''

Backhousia subargentea ''Backhousia subargentea'' (syn. ''Choricarpia subargentea'') is a rare Australian rainforest tree, growing near Mullumbimby in north eastern New South Wales and from Boonah to Imbil in south eastern Queensland. Common names include giant iro ...

'' Syn.: ''Choricarpia subargentea'') (Giant ironwood), eastern Australia * ''

Bridelia micrantha ''Bridelia micrantha'', the mitzeeri or the coastal golden-leaf, is a tree in the family Phyllanthaceae and is native to tropical and southern Africa as well as to the island of Réunion in the Indian Ocean. Description A medium to tall tree (u ...

'' (Benin or Yoruba ironwood), ''

Bridelia atroviridis ''Bridelia'' is a plant genus of the family Phyllanthaceae first described as a genus in 1806.Carpinus caroliniana ''Carpinus caroliniana'', the American hornbeam, is a small hardwood tree in the genus ''Carpinus''. American hornbeam is also known as blue-beech, ironwood, musclewood and muscle beech. It is native to eastern North America, from Minnesota and ...

'' American hornbeam (Ironwood, Blue-beech ironwood, Smooth-barked ironwood), eastern North America *

Casuarinaceae The Casuarinaceae are a family of dicotyledonous flowering plants placed in the order Fagales, consisting of four genera and 91 species of trees and shrubs native to eastern Africa, Australia, Southeast Asia, Malesia, Papuasia, and the Pacifi ...

, She-oaks in general, Southeast Asia (Australian ironwood) ** ''

Allocasuarina ''Allocasuarina'' is a genus of trees in the flowering plant family Casuarinaceae. They are endemic to Australia, occurring primarily in the south. Like the closely related genus ''Casuarina'', they are commonly called sheoaks or she-oaks. Wi ...

'' spp.; ''

Allocasuarina luehmannii ''Allocasuarina luehmannii'' (buloke or bull-oak) is a species of ironwood tree native to Australia and its wood is the hardest commercially available as measured by the Janka Hardness Scale. Description The evergreen tree typically grows ...

'', ''

Allocasuarina torulosa ''Allocasuarina torulosa'', the rose she-oak or forest oak, is a tree which grows in sub-rainforest (just outside the main forest area) of Queensland and New South Wales, Australia. There, it is typically found on coastal footslopes, hills, and ...

'', ''

Allocasuarina inophloia ''Allocasuarina inophloia'', also known as woolly oak, or stringybark she-oak, is a shrub or small tree of the she-oak family Casuarinaceae endemic to inland New South Wales and Queensland. The hairy bark is an unusual feature. Taxonomy First co ...

'' (Ironwood), ''

Allocasuarina verticillata ''Allocasuarina verticillata'', commonly known as drooping she-oak or drooping sheoak, is a nitrogen fixing native tree of southeastern Australia. Originally collected in Tasmania and described as ''Casuarina verticillata'' by French naturalist ...

'' (Long-leaved, Longleaf ironwood, Highland or Mountain ironwood) ** ''

Casuarina cunninghamiana ''Casuarina cunninghamiana'', commonly known as river oak or river she-oak, is a she-oak species of the genus ''Casuarina''. The native range in Australia extends from Daly River in the Northern Territory, north and east in Queensland and easter ...

'' (Small-cone ironwood, Australian coast ironwood, River-oak ironwood) ** ''

Casuarina equisetifolia ''Casuarina equisetifolia'', common names ''Coastal She-oak'' or ''Horsetail She-oak'' (sometimes referred to as the Australian pine tree or whistling pine tree outside Australia), is a she-oak species of the genus ''Casuarina''. The native ...

'' Toa (Beach, Coast ironwood, Pacific, Sea, South Sea or Polynesian ironwood or Short-leaf and False ironwood, Lowland Ironwood), native from

Burma Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John Wells explai ...

south to Australia ** ''

Casuarina cristata ''Casuarina cristata'' is an Australian tree of the sheoak family Casuarinaceae known as belah. It is native to a band across inland eastern Australia. Taxonomy The Dutch botanist Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel described the belah in 1848, and i ...

'' (Ironwood) ** ''

Casuarina glauca ''Casuarina glauca'', commonly known as the swamp she-oak, swamp oak, grey oak, or river oak, is a species of ''Casuarina'' native to the east coast of Australia. It is found from central Queensland south to southern New South Wales. It has becom ...

'' (Long-leaf Ironwood, Saltmarsh Ironwood, Blue ironwood) ** '' Casuarina stricta'' (Highland ironwood, Fodder ironwood) ** ''

Casuarina junghuhniana ''Casuarina junghuhniana'', the mountain ru or red-tipped ru, is a she-oak species of the genus ''Casuarina'' that originated in Java and Lesser Sunda Islands. The species has been introduced to Pakistan and Bangladesh. Description ''Casuarin ...

'' (Mountain Ironwood) * ('' Cenostigma pluviosum'' Syn.: ''Caesalpinia pluviosa'') (Bolivian ironwood) * ''

Cercocarpus ''Cercocarpus'', commonly known as mountain mahogany, is a small genus of at least nine species of nitrogen-fixing flowering plants in the rose family, Rosaceae. They are native to the western United States and northern Mexico, where they grow i ...

'' spp. (Ironwood), ''

Cercocarpus betuloides ''Cercocarpus betuloides'' is a shrub or small tree in the rose family.Flowering Plants of the Santa Monica Mountains, Nancy Dale,2nd Ed, 2000, p. 170 Its common names include mountain mahogany and birch leaf mountain mahogany The common name "m ...

'' (Mountain ironwood) * '' Chionanthus battiscombei '' (Water pock ironwood, Small-fruited ironwood, Water Ornate-leaf(ved) ironwood) * ''

Chionanthus caymanensis ''Chionanthus'' , common name: fringetrees, is a genus of about 150 species of flowering plants in the family (biology), family Oleaceae. The genus has a wide distribution primarily in the tropics and subtropics, but with three species exten ...

'' (Ironwood, Cayman ironwood) * '' Chioanthus compactus'' (White ironwood) * ''

Chionanthus panamensis ''Chionanthus'' , common name: fringetrees, is a genus of about 150 species of flowering plants in the family Oleaceae. The genus has a wide distribution primarily in the tropics and subtropics, but with three species extending north into te ...

'', ''

Chionanthus ligustrinus ''Chionanthus'' , common name: fringetrees, is a genus of about 150 species of flowering plants in the family Oleaceae. The genus has a wide distribution primarily in the tropics and subtropics, but with three species extending north into te ...

'' (Pine ridge ironwood) * ''

Chionanthus peglerae ''Chionanthus'' , common name: fringetrees, is a genus of about 150 species of flowering plants in the family Oleaceae. The genus has a wide distribution primarily in the tropics and subtropics, but with three species extending north into te ...

'' (Bastard black ironwood or Giant pock ironwood and Pegler's bastard ironwood, Large-leaved ironwood) * (''

Citharexylum flexuosum ''Citharexylum'' is a genus of flowering plants in the verbena family, Verbenaceae. It contains shrub and tree species commonly known as fiddlewoods or zitherwoods. They are native to the Americas, ranging from southern Florida and Texas in the ...

'' Syn.: ''

Citharexylum spinosum ''Citharexylum spinosum'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Verbenaceae that is native to southern Florida in the United States, the Caribbean, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela. Common names include Florida fiddlewood and spiny fiddlew ...

'') (White ironwood) * ''

Cliftonia monophylla ''Cliftonia monophylla'', the buck-wheat tree, buckwheat tree or black titi, is a tree native to the southeastern United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is ...

'' (Ironwood) * ''

Coccoloba pubescens ''Coccoloba pubescens'', known as grandleaf seagrape, largeleaf, mountain-grape, and Eve's umbrella, is a species of ''Coccoloba'' native to coastal regions of the Caribbean: on Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, Dominica, Hispaniola, Martinique, Montse ...

'' (Broad-leaved ironwood) * ''

Colophospermum mopane ''Colophospermum mopane'', commonly called mopane, mopani, balsam tree, butterfly tree, or turpentine tree, is a tree in the legume family ( Fabaceae), that grows in hot, dry, low-lying areas, in elevation, in the far northern parts of southern ...

'' (Black ironwood, Rhodesian ironwood) * ''

Colubrina elliptica ''Colubrina elliptica'', also known as mabi or soldierwood, is a species of flowering tree in the family Rhamnaceae, that is native to the Florida Keys, the Caribbean, Central America, Mexico, and Venezuela. It produces fruit the size of pepperco ...

'' (Ironwood, Martinique ironwood), ''

Colubrina arborescens ''Colubrina'' is a genus of about 30 species of flowering plants in the family Rhamnaceae, native to warm temperate to tropical regions of Africa, the Americas, southern Asia, northern Australia, and the Indian Ocean islands. Common names includ ...

'' (West Indian ironwood) * ''

Combretum imberbe ''Combretum imberbe'' (leadwood, af, hardekool, st, mohwelere-tšhipi, ts, motswiri/mondzo, zu, impondondlovu) is a characteristic and often impressive bushwillow species of the southern Afrotropics. The medium to large tree has a sparse, ...

'' (Ironwood) * ''

Cordia subcordata ''Cordia subcordata'' is a species of flowering tree in the borage family, Boraginaceae, that occurs in eastern Africa, South Asia, Southeast Asia, northern Australia and the Pacific Islands (including Hawaii). The plant is known by a variety o ...

'' (Ironwood) * ''

Cossinia pinnata ''Cossinia'' is a genus of four species of rainforest trees, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae. The genus has a disjunct distribution, occurring in Mascarene Islands, Australia, New Caledonia and Fiji. They grow naturally in rai ...

'' (Judas ironwood) * '' Cryptocarya lauriflora'' (Borneo ironwood), '' Cryptocarya ferrea'' (Java ironwood) * ''

Cynometra alexandri ''Cynometra alexandri'', the Uganda ironwood or muhimbi, is a species of legume that occurs in tropical lowland forests of central and east Africa. They grow gregariously in drier forest types and as a constituent of swamp forests. They reach so ...

'' (Uganda ironwood), central and east Africa * ''

Cyrilla racemiflora ''Cyrilla racemiflora'', the sole species in the genus ''Cyrilla'', is a flowering plant in the family Cyrillaceae, native to warm temperate to tropical regions of the Americas, from the southeastern United States (coastal areas from southeastern ...

'' (Ironwood, Swamp ironwood) * ''

Dalbergia melanoxylon ''Dalbergia melanoxylon'' (African blackwood, grenadilla, or mpingo) is a flowering plant in the family Fabaceae, native to seasonally dry regions of Africa from Senegal east to Eritrea and south to the north-eastern parts of South Africa. The ...

'' (African ironwood) * ''

Dialium guianense ''Dialium guianense'' is a species of tree in the flowering plant family Fabaceae. The species occurs through both Central America and South America, and was an important source of food and wood for the ancient Mayans. Common names In Engli ...

'' (Ironwood) * ''

Diploglottis australis ''Diploglottis australis'', known as the native tamarind, is a well known rainforest tree of eastern Australia. It is easily identified by the large sausage shaped leaflets. The native tamarind grows in a variety of different rainforests, on ba ...

'' Syn.: ''Diploglottis cunninghamii'') (Australian, New Holland ironwood) * ''

Distylium racemosum ''Distylium racemosum'', the isu tree, is a species of flowering plant in the family Hamamelidaceae. It is native to subtropical eastern Asia; central and southern Japan, the Ryukyu Islands, South Korea ( Jeju Island), southeastern China, Taiwan, ...

'' (Japanese ironwood) * ''

Drypetes gerrardii ''Drypetes gerrardii'' is a species of small tree or large shrub in the family Putranjivaceae. Common names include forest ironplum, bastard white ironwood, and forest ironwood. It is native to tropical and subtropical central and eastern Africa. ...

'' (Bastard white ironwood, Forest ironwood) * ''

Erythrophleum chlorostachys ''Erythrophleum chlorostachys'', commonly known as Cooktown ironwood, is a species of leguminous tree endemic to northern Australia. Description The Cooktown ironwood is semi-deciduous, dropping much of its foliage in response to the prolonged ...

'' Steelwood (Cooktown ironwood, Red or Northern ironwood, Leguminous ironwood, Poisonous ironwood), native to northern Australia * '' Erythroxylum areolatum'' (Cartagena ironwood, Jamaica ironwood) * ''

Eucalyptus ''Eucalyptus'' () is a genus of over seven hundred species of flowering trees, shrubs or mallees in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. Along with several other genera in the tribe Eucalypteae, including '' Corymbia'', they are commonly known as euca ...

'' spp. (Australian ironwood) * '' Eugenia confusa'' (Red berry ironwood, Tropical ironwood) * ''

Eusideroxylon zwageri ''Eusideroxylon zwageri'' is a rare timber tree native to the Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia and Philippines region. It is known colloquially in English as Bornean ironwood, billian, or ulin. Distribution It is native to Brunei; Flores, Java, Kali ...

'' (Borneo ironwood, Chinese ironwood, Real or True ironwood), southeast Asia * '' Exostema caribaeum'' (Bastard ironwood) * ''

Exothea paniculata ''Exothea'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Sapindaceae. Its native range is Southern Florida to Central America, Caribbean. Species: *''Exothea copalillo'' *''Exothea diphylla ''Exothea'' is a genus of flowering pla ...

'' (Ironwood) * ''

Fagraea fragrans The tembusu is a large evergreen tree in the family Gentianaceae, native to Southeast Asia (from Indo-China to New Guinea). It is the Malay language, Malay name for ''Cyrtophyllum fragrans'' (synonym ''Fagraea fragrans''). Its trunk is dark bro ...

'' (Sumatra or Java ironwood) * '' Fagara lentiscifolia'' (Bastard ironwood) * ''

Forestiera pubescens ''Forestiera pubescens'', commonly known as stretchberry, desert olive, tanglewood, devil's elbow, spring goldenglow, spring herald, New Mexico privet, or Texas forsythia is a deciduous shrub or small tree native to the southwestern United Stat ...

'' (Ironwood) * ''Forestiera pubescens'' var. ''parvifolia'' (New Mexican ironwood) * ''

Genipa americana ''Genipa americana'' () is a species of trees in the family Rubiaceae. It is native to the tropical forests of North and South America, as well as the Caribbean. Description ''Genipa americana'' trees are up to 30 m tall and up to 60 cm ...

'' (Brazilian ironwood) * '' Gordonia haematoxylon'' (Ironwood) * ''

Gossia bidwillii ''Gossia bidwillii'', known as the python tree is a rainforest myrtle of eastern Australia.The usual habitat is the drier rainforest areas. The range of natural distribution is from the Hunter River (32° S) in New South Wales to Coen (13� ...

'' (Smooth-barked ironwood, Scrub ironwood), '' Gossia acmenoides '' (Scrub ironwood), '' Gossia dulcis'' (Ironwood), ''

Gossia floribunda ''Gossia floribunda'' or Cape ironwood species of plant in the Myrtaceae family. It is a understorey plant growing to a height of . Found in Cape York Peninsula Australia and also in New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu: ''Niu Gini''; id, ...

'' (Cape ironwood), '' Gossia myrsinocarpa'' (Malanada ironwood) * ''

Gymnanthes lucida ''Gymnanthes lucida'', commonly known as shiny oysterwood or crabwood, is a species of flowering plant in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae, that is native to southern Florida in the United States, the Bahamas, the Caribbean, Mexico, and Central A ...

'' (Narrow-leaf ironwood) * (''

Gymnostoma nodiflorum ''Gymnostoma'' is a genus of about eighteen species of trees and shrubs, constituting one of the four genera of the plant family Casuarinaceae. The species grow naturally in the tropics, including at high altitudes having temperate climates, in ...

'' Syn.: ''Casuarina nodiflora '') (Knot-flowered ironwood) * (''

Gymnostoma papuanum ''Gymnostoma'' is a genus of about eighteen species of trees and shrubs, constituting one of the four genera of the plant family Casuarinaceae. The species grow naturally in the tropics, including at high altitudes having temperate climates, in ...

'' Syn.: ''Casuarina papuana'') (Papuan ironwood) * ('' Gymnostoma sumatranum'' Syn.: Casuarina sumatrana) (Ironwood) * ''

Handroanthus ''Handroanthus'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Bignoniaceae.David J. Mabberley. 2008. ''Mabberley's Plant-Book'' third edition (2008). Cambridge University Press: UK. It consists of 30 species of trees, known in Latin America by ...

'' spp. formerly ''Tabebuia'' spp.; ''

Handroanthus heptaphyllus ''Handroanthus heptaphyllus'', commonly referred to as the pink trumpet tree or pink tab, is a Bignoniaceae tree native to tropical and subtropical regions of South America. It grows in the high forest watershed of the Paraná River, Paraguay Ri ...

'', ''

Handroanthus serratifolius ''Handroanthus serratifolius'' is a species of tree, commonly known as yellow lapacho, pau d'arco, yellow poui, yellow ipe, pau d'arco amarelo, or ''ipê-amarelo''. Description It is a tree native to forests throughout Central and South Ame ...

'' etc., Ipê, Brazilian walnut, Lapacho, Yellow poui (Ironwood) * ''

Heritiera trifoliolata ''Argyrodendron trifoliolatum'' is an Australian rainforest tree. It is native to eastern Queensland and northeastern NSW, Australia, where it is known as white booyong. Booyong, New South Wales is named after the tree. It can grow up to 45 me ...

'' Black stavewood, '' Heritiera actinophylla'' Stavewood (Ironwood) * ''

Holodiscus discolor ''Holodiscus discolor'', commonly known as ocean spray or oceanspray, creambush, or ironwood, is a shrub of western North America. Description ''Holodiscus discolor'' is a fast-growing deciduous shrub usually from to in height, and up to ta ...

'' Oceanspray (Ironwood), western North America * '' Homalium dentatum'', ''

Homalium letestui ''Homalium'' is a genus of plants in the family Salicaceae. Species Species include: * ''Homalium acuminatum'' * ''Homalium betulifolium'' * ''Homalium brevidens'' * ''Homalium buxifolium'' * ''Homalium ceylanicum'' * ''Homalium cochinchi ...

'' (Brown ironwood), '' Homalium rufescens'' (Small-leaved brown ironwood), '' Homalium abdessammadii'' (Zambezi brown ironwood) * ''

Hopea odorata ''Hopea odorata'', or ta-khian ( th, ตะเคียน), is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. It is found in Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam. It is a large tree reaching up to 45 m ...

'', ''

Hopea parviflora ''Hopea parviflora'' is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. It is Endemism, endemic to India. It is called 'kampakam' or 'thampakam' in Malayalam and கோங்கு 'vellaikongu' or 'irubogam' in Tamil language, Tamil. ''Hopea ...

'' (Malabar, Ceylon ironwood) * ''

Hypelate trifoliata ''Hypelate trifoliata'', commonly known as white ironwood or inkwood, is a small tree in the soapberry family. It is native to extreme southern Florida and islands of the Caribbean. It has trifoliate leaves and produces small flowers in early s ...

'' (White ironwood) * ''

Ilex mitis ''Ilex mitis'' (commonly called Cape holly, African holly, waterboom or umDuma) is a tall, dense, evergreen tree that is indigenous to Sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar. It makes an excellent fast-growing hedge for gardens - growing tall, stra ...

'' (Lance-leaved ironwood, Smooth or Mild, Unarmed ironwood) * ''

Inhambanella henriquesii ''Inhambanella'' is a group of trees in the Sapotaceae 240px, '' Madhuca longifolia'' var. ''latifolia'' in Narsapur, Medak district, India The Sapotaceae are a family (biology), family of flowering plants belonging to the order (biology), o ...

'' (Rock, Water or Small ironwood) * ''

Intsia bijuga ''Intsia bijuga'', commonly known as Borneo teak, Johnstone River teak, Kwila, Moluccan ironwood, Pacific teak, scrub mahogany and vesi, is a species of flowering tree in the family Fabaceae, native to the Indo-Pacific. It ranges from Tanzania and ...

'', ''

Intsia palembanica ''Intsia palembanica'' is a species of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. The plant common names include Borneo teak, Malacca teak, merbau and Moluccan ironwood where it is native to tropical rainforests in Southeast Asia and the islands of ...

'' (Moluccan, Madagascar ironwood) * ''

Ixora ferrea ''Ixora'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is the only genus in the tribe Ixoreae. It consists of tropical evergreen trees and shrubs and holds around 544 species. Though native to the tropical and subtropical areas ...

'' (Ironwood, West Indian ironwood, Martinique ironwood, Red ironwood, Three-flowered ironwood) * ''

Jacquinia keyensis ''Jacquinia keyensis'', commonly called Joewood, is a woody plant in the primrose family. It is native to the West Indies The West Indies is a subregion of North America, surrounded by the North Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea tha ...

'' (Ironwood) * ''

Krugiodendron ferreum ''Krugiodendron ferreum'', commonly known as the black ironwood or leadwood, is a species of tree in the family Rhamnaceae. It is found in southern Florida, throughout the Caribbean and from southern Mexico to Honduras. Originally described by M ...

'' (Black ironwood, Caribbean or Guadeloupe ironwood), Caribbean * (''

Libidibia ferrea ''Libidibia ferrea'', formerly ''Caesalpinia ferrea'', and commonly known as pau ferro, Jucá, Brazilian ironwood, morado, or leopard tree, is a tree found in Brazil and Bolivia. Wood Most species of ''Caesalpinia'' s.l. have poorly defined g ...

'' Syn.: 'Caesalpinia ferrea'') (Brazilian ironwood), Brazil * ''

Lignum vitae Lignum vitae () is a wood, also called guayacan or guaiacum, and in parts of Europe known as Pockholz or pokhout, from trees of the genus ''Guaiacum''. The trees are indigenous to the Caribbean and the northern coast of South America (e.g: Col ...

''; ''

Guaiacum officinale ''Guaiacum officinale'', commonly known as roughbark lignum-vitae, guaiacwood or gaïacwood, is a species of tree in the caltrop family, Zygophyllaceae, that is native to the Caribbean and the northern coast of South America. Description This sm ...

'', ''

Guaiacum sanctum ''Guaiacum sanctum'', commonly known as holywood, lignum vitae or holywood lignum-vitae, is a species of flowering plant in the creosote bush family, Zygophyllaceae. It is native to tropical America, from Mexico through Central America, Florida, ...

'' and Argentine, Paraguay Lignum Vitae, Verawood ''

Bulnesia arborea ''Bulnesia arborea'' is a species of flowering plant in the creosote subfamily (Larreoideae) of family Zygophyllaceae. It is native to Colombia and Venezuela. Related to the true ''lignum vitae'' trees (''Guaiacum''), it is known as Maracaibo ''l ...

'' also als Maracaibo Lignum Vitae and ''

Bulnesia sarmientoi ''Bulnesia sarmientoi'' (recently reclassified as ''Gonopterodendron sarmientoi'') is a tree that inhabits a part of the Gran Chaco area in South America, around the Argentina-Bolivia-Paraguay border. Its wood is often traded as "Paraguay ''lig ...

'' (Ironwood) * ''

Lophira alata ''Lophira alata'', commonly known as azobé, ekki or the red ironwood tree, is a species of plant in the family Ochnaceae. It is found in Cameroon, the Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, G ...

'' (West African ironwood, (Small) Red ironwood, Dwarf (red) ironwood, Dryzone (red) ironwood), western and central Africa * ''

Lophira lanceolata ''Lophira lanceolata'', commonly known as the dwarf red ironwood, is a species of tree in the family Ochnaceae which is native to tropical West and Central Africa. The timber is used for heavy construction, an edible oil can be extracted from the ...

'' ((Dwarf) Red ironwood) * ''

Lyonothamnus floribundus ''Lyonothamnus'' is a monotypic genus of trees in the rose family containing the single living species ''Lyonothamnus floribundus'', which is known by the common name Catalina ironwood, and the subspecies ''L. f.'' ssp. ''aspleniifolius'' and '' ...

'' (Catalina or Western ironwood, Island or Santa Cruz (Island) Ironwood, Lyon's Ironwood or Fern-leaved ironwood), in the

rose family Rosaceae (), the rose family, is a medium-sized family of flowering plants that includes 4,828 known species in 91 genera. The name is derived from the type genus ''Rosa''. Among the most species-rich genera are ''Alchemilla'' (270), ''Sorbus' ...

Channel Islands of California The Channel Islands () are an eight-island archipelago located within the Southern California Bight in the Pacific Ocean, off the coast of California. The four Northern Channel Islands are part of the Transverse Ranges geologic province, and ...

* ''

Manilkara hexandra ''Manilkara hexandra'' is a tree species in the tribe Sapoteae, in the family Sapotaceae. It is native to much of south Asia (China: Hainan and southern Guangxi provinces; the Indian subcontinent: Bangladesh, India, and Sri Lanka; Indo-China: C ...

'' (Ceylon ironwood) * ''

Manilkara kauki ''Manilkara kauki'' is a plant in the subfamily Sapotoideae, and the tribe Sapoteae of the family Sapotaceae; and is the type species for the genus ''Manilkara''. It occurs in tropical Asia from Indo-China (Cambodia, Myanmar, Thailand and Viet ...

'' (Moluccan ironwood) * ''

Mesua ferrea ''Mesua ferrea'', the Ceylon ironwood, or cobra saffron, is a species in the family Calophyllaceae. This slow-growing tree is named after the heaviness and hardness of its timber. It is widely cultivated as an ornamental due to its graceful sha ...

'' (Sri Lankan or Ceylon and Assam ironwood, East Indian Ironwood), southern and southeastern Asia * ''

Metrosideros ''Metrosideros'' is a genus of approximately 60 trees, shrubs, and vines mostly found in the Pacific region in the family Myrtaceae. Most of the tree forms are small, but some are exceptionally large, the New Zealand species in particular. The n ...

'' spp. all Species (Ironwood), ''

Metrosideros umbellata ''Metrosideros umbellata'', the southern rātā, is a tree endemic to New Zealand. It grows up to or more tall with a trunk up to or more in diameter. It produces masses of red flowers in summer. Unlike its relative, northern rātā, this spec ...

'' (New Zealand Ironwood), ''

Metrosideros kermadecensis ''Metrosideros kermadecensis'', with common names ''Kermadec pōhutukawa'' and New Zealand Christmas bush is an evergreen tree of the myrtle family which is endemic to the volcanic Kermadec Islands about 900 km north-east of New Zealand. ...

'' (Real or True ironwood) * ''

Millettia grandis ''Millettia grandis'' is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae from South Africa. It is commonly called umzimbeet which is a name derived from the isiZulu name umSimbithwa. Distribution These trees are found in coastal regions of KwaZulu- ...

'' (Kafir ironwood) * ''

Minquartia guianensis ''Minquartia'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the Olacaceae family containing the single species ''Minquartia guianensis'' (also called black manwood or huambula). It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Frenc ...

'' (Ironwood) * '' Mouriri myrtilloides'' (Small-leaved ironwood) * ''

Myoporum obscurum ''Myoporum obscurum'', commonly known as popwood, sandalwood or bastard ironwood is a plant in the figwort family, Scrophulariaceae. It is a very rare shrub, endemic to Norfolk Island where it occurs in a few scattered locations. Description ' ...

'' (Bastard ironwood) * ''

Myracrodruon urundeuva ''Myracrodruon urundeuva'' (Portuguese common names: aroeira-do-sertão, aroeira preta, urundeúva, urindeúva, arindeúva) is a timber tree, which is often used for beekeeping. This plant is native to Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay, and ...

'' (Ironwood) * ''

Nestegis apetala ''Nestegis apetala'' is a small tree native to northern New Zealand and to Norfolk Island. The common names in New Zealand are coastal maire or broad-leaved maire. On Norfolk Island, the common name is ironwood. The species name ''apetala'' ref ...

'' (Bastard ironwood),

New Zealand New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and over 700 smaller islands. It is the sixth-largest island count ...

and

Norfolk Island Norfolk Island (, ; Norfuk: ''Norf'k Ailen'') is an external territory of Australia located in the Pacific Ocean between New Zealand and New Caledonia, directly east of Australia's Evans Head and about from Lord Howe Island. Together with ...

* ''

Notelaea ligustrina ''Notelaea ligustrina'', known as the privet mock olive, native olive, doral or silkwood, is a plant in the olive family, found in south eastern Australia. It is known to grow in and near rainforests south of Monga National Park in New South W ...

'' (Tasmanian ironwood, New-South-Wales ironwood) * ''

Notelaea longifolia ''Notelaea longifolia'' is a very common shrub or small tree in eastern Australia. Occurring in or adjacent to rainforest from Mimosa Rocks National Park (37° S) to Bamaga (11° S) in far north Queensland. Common names include large mock-oliv ...

'' (Norfolk-Island ironwood) * ('' Noronhia foveolata'' Syn.: ''

Chionanthus foveolatus ''Chionanthus foveolatus'', commonly known as the pock ironwood or bastard ironwood, is a medium-sized, evergreen, Afromontane tree that is native to South Africa, Eswatini and Malawi. ''Chionanthus foveolatus'' occurs at medium to high altitude ...

'') (Pock ironwood, Bastard ironwood or Cape pock ironwood, Bastard, Forest pock ironwood, Ornate-leaf(ved), Fine-leaved ironwood) native to southern Africa * ''

Ochna holstii ''Ochna''Linnaeus C (1753) ''Sp. Pl.'' 1: 513. is a genus comprising 86 species of evergreen trees, shrubs and shrublets belonging to the flowering plant family ''Ochnaceae''. These species are native to tropical woodlands of Africa, the Mascare ...

'' (Red ironwood) * ''

Oldfieldia africana Oldfieldia africana, also known as the African oak, is a large tree which can grow to 36 metres or more in height. It is to be found across West Africa in such countries as Ivory Coast, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Gabon, Cameroon, Central African Repu ...

'' (West African ironwood) * ''

Olea capensis ''Olea capensis'', the black ironwood, is an African tree species in the olive family Oleaceae. It is widespread in sub-Saharan Africa: from the east in Somalia, Ethiopia and Sudan, south to the tip of South Africa, and west to Cameroon, Sierra ...

'' (''Bastard'' Black, Forest, Bushveld or False, Bastard ironwood, South African ironwood, Small and Olive ironwood, East African ironwood),

Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...

* ''

Olea woodiana ''Olea woodiana'', known commonly as the forest olive or black ironwood (Afrikaans: ''Bosolienhout''), is an African tree species belonging to the olive family (Oleaceae). The tree grows in lower altitude hill forests from Kenya, Tanzania, Esw ...

'' (Black ironwood), eastern and southern Africa * ''

Olinia ventosa ''Olinia ventosa'', commonly known as the hard-pear. is a large, evergreen forest tree indigenous to South Africa. Appearance The hard-pear is a large tree that usually grows to 15–20 meters in height. When exposed to harsh conditions, it f ...

'' (Sproutful ironwood) * ''

Olneya tesota ''Olneya tesota'' is a perennial flowering tree of the family Fabaceae, legumes (peas, beans, etc.), which is commonly known as ironwood, desert ironwood, or palo fierro in Spanish. It is the only species in the monotypic genus ''Olneya''. This t ...

'' (desert ironwood, Arizona or Sonora ironwood, Mexican ironwood) * ''

Ostrya knowltonii ''Ostrya knowltonii'' is a species of tree known by the common names Knowlton's hophornbeam, western hophornbeam, woolly hophornbeam, and wolf hophornbeam. It is also one of many trees called ironwood. It is native to Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, a ...

'' Knowlton's or Western hophornbeam (Canyon ironwood, Western Ironwood) * ''

Ostrya virginiana ''Ostrya virginiana'', the American hophornbeam, is a species of ''Ostrya'' native to eastern North America, from Nova Scotia west to southern Manitoba and eastern Wyoming, southeast to northern Florida and southwest to eastern Texas. Populations ...

'' Hophornbeam, (North-American, American ironwood, Canadian ironwood, Rough-barked ironwood, Eastern ironwood) * ''Palicourea cardiomorpha'' subsp. ''cardiomorpha'' (Panicled-flowered ironwood) * ''

Parrotia persica ''Parrotia persica'', the Persian ironwood, is a deciduous tree in the family Hamamelidaceae, closely related to the witch-hazel genus '' Hamamelis''. It is native to Iran's Caspian region (where it is called ) and Iranian Azerbaijan (where it ...

'' (Persian ironwood, Transcaucasian ironwood) * '' Parrotia subaequalis'' (Chinese ironwood) * ''

Paubrasilia echinata ''Paubrasilia echinata'' is a species of flowering plant in the legume family, Fabaceae, that is endemic to the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. It is a Brazilian timber tree commonly known as Pernambuco wood or brazilwood ( pt, pau-de-pernambuco, ...

'' (Ironwood) * ''

Peltophorum rufum ''Peltophorum'' is a genus of 5–15 species of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae, subfamily Caesalpinioideae. The genus is native to certain Tropics, tropical regions across the world. The species are medium-sized to large trees growing up ...

'' (Cochinchina ironwood) * ''

Pemphis acidula ''Pemphis acidula'', commonly known as bantigue (pron. ) or mentigi, is a species of flowering plant in the family Lythraceae. It is a mangrove found throughout most of the tropical Indo-Pacific growing on rocky shores. The genus ''Pemphis'', to ...

'' (Maldivian ironwood) * '' Picrodendron baccatum'' (Black ironwood) * ''

Planchonella costata ''Pouteria costata'' is a small coastal tree native to the northern North Island (New Zealand) and to Norfolk Island (Australia). In New Zealand, its common name is tawapou (Māori: "tawāpou"); on Norfolk Island it is called bastard ironwood. Th ...

'' (Bastard ironwood) * '' Planchonella obovata'' (Silvery ironwood, Obovate ironwood) * ''

Prosopis juliflora ''Prosopis juliflora'' ( es, bayahonda blanca, Cuji Venezuela, Trupillo Colombia, Aippia Wayuunaiki and long-thorn kiawe in Hawaii) is a shrub or small tree in the family Fabaceae, a kind of mesquite. It is native to Mexico, South America and ...

'', ''

Prosopis glandulosa ''Prosopis glandulosa'', commonly known as honey mesquite, is a species of small to medium-sized, thorny shrub or tree in the legume family (Fabaceae). Distribution The plant is primarily native to the Southwestern United States and Northern M ...

'' (Texas ironwood), ''

Prosopis kuntzei ''Prosopis kuntzei'' (synonym ''Prosopis casadensis'') is a South American leguminous tree species that inhabits the westernmost Gran Chaco forests covering areas of Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay, where it acts as natural component. It has als ...

'', ''

Prosopis africana ''Prosopis africana'' is a flowering plant species in the genus Fabaceae. It is found in Africa. Its common names include African mesquite, iron tree, ''gele'' (Malinke) (traditional djembe wood) or ''somb'' tree. In the Serer creation myth, i ...

'' (Ironwood) Mesquite * ''

Prunus africana ''Prunus africana'', the African cherry, has a wide distribution in Africa, occurring in montane regions of central and southern Africa and on the islands of Bioko, São-Tomé, Grande Comore, and Madagascar. It can be found at above sea level. I ...

'' (Ironwood) * Quebracho ''

Schinopsis ''Schinopsis'' is a genus of South American trees in the family Anacardiaceae, also known by the common names quebracho, quebracho colorado and red quebracho. In Brazil it is known as ''baraúna'' or ''braúna''. Description The species within t ...

'' spp.; ''

Schinopsis brasiliensis ''Schinopsis brasiliensis'' is a species of flowering plant in the cashew family known by the common names ''baraúna'' or ''braúna''.Cardoso, M. P., et al. (2005)A new alkyl phenol from ''Schinopsis brasiliensis''.''Natural Product Research'' ...

'', ''

Schinopsis balansae ''Schinopsis balansae'' is a hardwood tree known as willow-leaf red quebracho which forms forests in the subtropical Humid Chaco ecoregion of north-eastern Argentina, and Paraguay. It is also found in the wild Pantanal vegetation in Brazil. Some ...

'', ''

Schinopsis lorentzii ''Schinopsis lorentzii'' is a hardwood tree known as red quebracho, native of the Paraguayan subtropical area, which forms forests in Gran Chaco region of Argentina, in Paraguay, and Bolivia. Some of its common names are ''coronillo'', ''quebrach ...

'' and ''

Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco ''Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco'', commonly known as Quebracho blanco, kebrako, or white quebracho, is a South American tree species, native to Brazil, northern Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay. It must not be confused with other specie ...

'' (Ironwood) * ''

Rhodamnia acuminata ''Rhodamnia'' is a group of rainforest trees and shrubs in the myrtle family described as a genus in 1822.Govaerts, R., Sobral, N., Ashton, P., Barrie, F., Holst, B.K., Landrum, L.L., Matsumoto, K., Fernanda Mazine, F., Nic Lughadha, E., Proen� ...

'' (Cooloola ironwood) * ''Rhodomyrtus trineura'' var. ''canescens'' (Crater ironwood), '' Rhodomyrtus pervagata'' (Rusty ironwood) * ''

Rapanea melanophloeos ''Rapanea melanophloeos'', commonly known as Cape beech, Kaapse boekenhout or isiCalabi, is a dense evergreen tree that is native to the afromontane forests of Southern Africa. Outside forests they are also commonly encountered along stream banks ...

'' (Laurel-leaved ironwood) * ''

Rauvolfia sandwicensis ''Rauvolfia sandwicensis'', the devil's-pepper, also known as ''hao'' in the Hawaiian language, is a species of flowering plant in the milkweed family, Apocynaceae, that is endemic to Hawaii. It is a shrub, a small tree In botany, a t ...

'' (Hawaiian ironwood) * '' Reynosia septentrionalis'' (Red ironwood) * '' Rothmannia capensis'' (Black ironwood, Cape of Good Hope ironwood) * ''

Schleichera oleosa ''Schleichera'' is a monotypic genus of plants in the soapberry family, Sapindaceae. There is only one species, ''Schleichera oleosa'', a tree that occurs in the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia. Species ''Schleichera oleosa'', kusum tre ...

'' (Ironwood) * '' Senegalia intsia'' (Indian ironwood) * ''

Senegalia muricata ''Senegalia'' (from Senegal and ''Acacia senegal'' (L.) Willd.) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It belongs to the Mimosoid clade. Until 2005, its species were considered members of '' Acacia.'' The genus was considered pol ...

'' (Ironwood) * ''

Senegalia tenuifolia ''Senegalia tenuifolia'' is a perennial climbing shrub which is native to Asia, the Caribbean, India and South America. Common names are ara a gato, bejuco cochino, tocino. It is not listed as being a threatened species Threatened species a ...

'' (Antillean ironwood) * ''

Senna siamea ''Senna siamea'', also known as Siamese cassia, kassod tree, cassod tree and cassia tree, is a legume in the subfamily Caesalpinioideae. It is native to South and Southeast Asia, although its exact origin is unknown. It is a medium-size, evergr ...

'' (Indonesian or Indian ironwood) * ''

Sideroxylon ''Sideroxylon'' is a genus of trees in the family Sapotaceae described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753. They are collectively known as bully trees. The generic name is derived from the Greek words σιδηρος (''sideros''), meaning "iron", and ...

'' spp. (Ironwood); ** ''

Sideroxylon inerme ''Sideroxylon inerme'' (aMasethole or white milkwood, af, wit-melkhout, xh, Ximafana, zu, Umakhwelafingqane) is a Southern African coastal tree, with dense foliage, black berries and small, foetid, greenish flowers. The tree's generic name mea ...

'' (Smooth or White ironwood, Broad-leaved, Unarmed ironwood, Cape or East African ironwood) ** ''

Sideroxylon lanuginosum ''Sideroxylon lanuginosum'' is a shrub or small tree of the family Sapotaceae. It is native to the Sun Belt and Midwest of the United States as well as Northeastern Mexico. Common names include gum bully, black haw, chittamwood, chittimwood, s ...

'' or Gum bully (Ironwood) ** ''

Sideroxylon lycioides ''Sideroxylon lycioides'', the buckthorn bully, is a small tree in the family Sapotaceae. It is widely distributed in the southeastern United States The Southeastern United States, also referred to as the American Southeast or simply the ...

'' (American ironwood, Canada thorny ironwood, Willow-leaved, Boxthorn-leaved ironwood, Ten-threaded, Decandrous ironwood, Bumelia ironwood) ** ''

Sideroxylon tenax ''Sideroxylon tenax'', called the tough bully, is a plant species native to Florida, Georgia, South Carolina and the southernmost part of North Carolina. It grows on dry, sandy soil in pine forests, pine-oak woodlands, and hummocks at elevations ...

'' (Silky(-leaved) ironwood, Silvery-leaved ironwood) ** '' Sideroxylon celastrinum'' (Ironwood) ** ''

Sideroxylon cinereum ''Sideroxylon'' is a genus of trees in the family Sapotaceae described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753. They are collectively known as bully trees. The generic name is derived from the Greek words σιδηρος (''sideros''), meaning "iron", and ...

'' (White ironwood, Bourbon or Mauritius ironwood) ** '' Sideroxylon foetidissimum'' (Opposite-leaved ironwood) ** ''

'' (Woolly-leaved ironwood) ** ''

Sideroxylon reclinatum ''Sideroxylon reclinatum'', the Florida bully, is a small tree in the family Sapotaceae. It occurs locally in the southeastern United States The Southeastern United States, also referred to as the American Southeast or simply the Southeas ...

'' (Reclined ironwood) * ''

Sloanea dentata ''Sloanea'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Elaeocarpaceae, comprising about 150 species. Species include: * ''Sloanea acutiflora'' Uittien * ''Sloanea assamica'' Alfred Rehder, Rehder & E. Wilson * ''Sloanea aust ...

'' (Black ironwood, Broad-leaf ironwood) * '' Sloanea jamaicensis'', '' Sloanea sinemariensis'' (Ironwood) * ''

Stadmania ''Stadtmannia'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Sapindaceae. Its native range is Kenya to the Northern Provinces, Tanzania and Zimbabwe (in Southern Africa) and the islands of Madagascar and Mauritius, in the western Indian ...

'' spp. (Ironwood, ''Bois de fer'', Mauritius ironwood), ''

Stadmania oppositifolia ''Stadtmannia'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Sapindaceae. Its native range is Kenya to the Northern Provinces, Tanzania and Zimbabwe (in Southern Africa) and the islands of Madagascar and Mauritius, in the western Indian ...

'' (Bourbon ironwood) * ''

Swartzia ''Swartzia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It was named in honor of Swedish botanist Olof Swartz and contains about 200 species. ''Swartzia'' is restricted in its geographical distribution to the New World Tropics, where ...

'' spp.; ''

Swartzia tomentosa ''Swartzia panacoco'', known as panococo or Brazilian ebony, is a tree of the bean family, growing in Guyana, South America. Its wood is hard and durable. The heartwood ranges from an olive brown to a near black color and can have lighter or da ...

'' (Cayenne ironwood), ''

Swartzia bannia ''Swartzia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It was named in honor of Swedish botanist Olof Swartz and contains about 200 species. ''Swartzia'' is restricted in its geographical distribution to the New World Tropics, wher ...

'', '' Swartzia bidentata'', ''

Swartzia leiocalycina ''Swartzia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It was named in honor of Swedish botanist Olof Swartz and contains about 200 species. ''Swartzia'' is restricted in its geographical distribution to the New World Tropics, wher ...

'', '' Swartzia ingifolia'', ''

Swartzia grandifolia ''Swartzia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It was named in honor of Swedish botanist Olof Swartz and contains about 200 species. ''Swartzia'' is restricted in its geographical distribution to the New World Tropics, wher ...

'', ''

Swartzia panacoco ''Swartzia panacoco'', known as panococo or Brazilian ebony, is a tree of the bean family, growing in Guyana, South America. Its wood is hard and durable. The heartwood ranges from an olive brown to a near black color and can have lighter or d ...

'' (Guiana ironwood) etc. (Ironwood, South American ironwood, Suriname ironwood) * ''

Terminalia canescens ''Terminalia canescens'', commonly known as joolal, winged nut tree, or wingnut, and also known by its Aboriginal name djilanydjin in north-western Australia, is a tree of the family ''Combretaceae'' native to northern parts of Australia. Descr ...

'' (Ironwood) * ''

Tetragastris balsamifera ''Tetragastris'' is a genus of plants in family Burseraceae. It contains the following species (but this list may be incomplete): References

Tetragastris, Burseraceae genera Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{sapindales-stub ...

'' (West Indian ironwood) * ''

Thouinia striata ''Thouinia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Sapindaceae. The genus is named for André Thouin, a French botanist.Trichilia hirta ''Trichilia'' is a flowering plant genus in the family Meliaceae. These plants are particularly diverse in sub-Saharan Africa and tropical South America. Several species are used in folk medicine and shamanism – e.g. '' T. rubescens'' agai ...

'' (Bastard ironwood) * ''

Tristaniopsis laurina ''Tristaniopsis laurina'', the water gum or kanooka, is a tree species native to Australia. It usually grows near the eastern coastline and along the banks of streams, where the trunks and branches tend to be shaped in the direction of the curr ...

'' (Canungra ironwood) * ''

Vachellia farnesiana ''Vachellia farnesiana'', also known as ''Acacia farnesiana'', and previously ''Mimosa farnesiana'', commonly known as sweet acacia, huisache, or needle bush, is a species of shrub or small tree in the legume family, Fabaceae. Its flowers are use ...

'' (Ironwood) * ''

Vepris lanceolata ''Vepris lanceolata'' (umZane or white ironwood) is a large, evergreen tree native to southern and eastern Africa. It ranges from southeastern Kenya through Tanzania and Mozambique to South Africa, where it grows in coastal evergreen thicket or o ...

'' (White ironwood), ''

Vepris reflexa ''Vepris'' is a genus of plant in family Rutaceae. It comprises around 90 species, mainly from tropical Africa, Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands and at a lesser extent Arabia and India. Species , Plants of the World Online (PoWO) accepted th ...

'' (Woodland white ironwood, Bushveld white ironwood, Drooping or Rock white ironwood), ''

Vepris undulata ''Vepris'' is a genus of plant in family Rutaceae. It comprises around 90 species, mainly from tropical Africa, Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands and at a lesser extent Arabia and India. Species , Plants of the World Online (PoWO) accepted th ...

'' (White ironwood), ''

Vepris carringtoniana ''Vepris'' is a genus of plant in family Rutaceae. It comprises around 90 species, mainly from tropical Africa, Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands and at a lesser extent Arabia and India. Species , Plants of the World Online (PoWO) accepted th ...

'' (Coastal white ironwood, Wing-leaved white ironwood), ''

Vepris zambesiaca ''Vepris'' is a genus of plant in family Rutaceae. It comprises around 90 species, mainly from tropical Africa, Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands and at a lesser extent Arabia and India. Species , Plants of the World Online (PoWO) accepted th ...

'' (Rare white ironwood), '' Vepris termitaria'' (Riverine white ironwood) native to South Africa * ''

Vernonia angustifolia ''Vernonia angustifolia'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, native to the southeastern United States (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina and South Carolina). It was first described by André ...

'' (Narrow-leaf ironwood) * ''

Vernonia gigantea ''Vernonia gigantea'' (also known as giant ironweed, tall ironweed or ironweed) is a species of perennial plant from family Asteraceae found in United States and Canada. The plant is native to the eastern United States, north to New York state an ...

'' (Oval-leaved ironwood) * '' Xanthostemon verdugonianus'' or Mangkono (Philippine ironwood) endemic to the Philippines, ''

Xanthostemon verus ''Xanthostemon'' is a genus of trees and shrubs, constituting part of the myrtle plant family Myrtaceae. This genus was first described in 1857 by German–Australian botanist Ferdinand von Mueller. According to different official sources between ...

'' (Asian or Moluccan, Real or True ironwood) * ''

Xantolis tomentosa ''Xantolis tomentosa'', the wooly ironwood, is a forest tree commonly found in India, Sri Lanka Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්‍රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-std=ISO ...

'' (Armed ironwood, Felty, Woolly, Downy-leaved ironwood) * ''

Xylia xylocarpa ''Xylia xylocarpa'' is a species of tree in the mimosoid clade of the subfamily Caesalpinioideae of the family Fabaceae. Description and properties This perennial tree is very conspicuous in the flowering season owing to its bright yellow flow ...

'' (Burma ironwood or Myanmar ironwood) * ''

Zanthoxylum fagara ''Zanthoxylum fagara'' or wild lime, is a species of flowering plant that—despite its name—is not part of the genus ''Citrus'' with real limes and other fruit, but is a close cousin in the larger citrus family, Rutaceae. It is native to sout ...

'' (Bastard, False ironwood, Yellow ironwood, Jamaica, Brazilian ironwood, Intended-leaved American ironwood) * ''

Zanthoxylum piperitum ''Zanthoxylum piperitum'', also known as Japanese pepper or Japanese prickly-ash is a deciduous aromatic spiny shrub or small tree of the citrus and rue family Rutaceae, native to Japan and Korea. It is called sanshō () in Japan and chopi () ...

'' (Crenated-leaved ironwood) * '' Zanthoxylum tragodes'' (Prickly-leaved American ironwood) * '' Zapoteca tetragona'' (Antillean ironwood)

Plants named ironwood

Acacia estrophiolata habit.jpg, ''

'' Acacia-stenophylla-flowers.jpg, ''

'' flowers American Hornbeam Leaves 600.jpg, ''

Carpinus caroliniana ''Carpinus caroliniana'', the American hornbeam, is a small hardwood tree in the genus ''Carpinus''. American hornbeam is also known as blue-beech, ironwood, musclewood and muscle beech. It is native to eastern North America, from Minnesota and ...

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'' subsp. ''incana'' Chionanthus foveolatus - Pock Ironwood Tree - Cape Town 6.jpg, ''

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'' Lyonothamnus floribundus floribundus.jpg, ''

'' MesuaFerrea IronWood.jpg, ''

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'' Olea capensis - Ironwood Tree - Cape Town 2.jpg, ''

'' Olea woodiana, KwaZulu-Natal NBT, PMB.jpg, ''

References

{{Plant common name Wood Trees

Some of the species with their common name

Plants named ironwood

See also

References