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Iron ore Iron ores are rocks and minerals from which metallic iron can be economically extracted. The ores are usually rich in iron oxides and vary in color from dark grey, bright yellow, or deep purple to rusty red. The iron is usually found in the fo ...
production in Africa is dominated by
South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring countri ...
,
Mauritania Mauritania (; ar, موريتانيا, ', french: Mauritanie; Berber: ''Agawej'' or ''Cengit''; Pulaar: ''Moritani''; Wolof: ''Gànnaar''; Soninke:), officially the Islamic Republic of Mauritania ( ar, الجمهورية الإسلامية ...
and
Algeria ) , image_map = Algeria (centered orthographic projection).svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Algiers , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , relig ...
. Many countries possess iron ore deposits that are as yet untapped/unmined. Countries and companies currently involved in production are listed here; measurements are in tonnes per annum(year).


Deposits


Algeria

Deposits and production in
Algeria ) , image_map = Algeria (centered orthographic projection).svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Algiers , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , relig ...
include: * 2.3 mm TPA * Entreprise Nationale du Fer et du Phosphate * Mahavir Shree International * Société de l'Ouenza *
Boukhadra Boukhadra ( ar, بوخضرة) is a town and commune in Tébessa Province in north-eastern Algeria ) , image_map = Algeria (centered orthographic projection).svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital ...


Angola

Deposits and production in
Angola , national_anthem = " Angola Avante"() , image_map = , map_caption = , capital = Luanda , religion = , religion_year = 2020 , religion_ref = , coordina ...
include: * ''deposits in Kassala-Kitungo,
Cassinga Cassinga or Kassinga is a town and commune in the municipality of Jamba, province of Huíla, Angola. It is situated on an old and important two-track road from Jamba to Huambo. Established as an ore mine and during the Civil War allegedly u ...
, Chamuatete'' *
Malanje Malanje is the capital city of Malanje Province in Angola, with a population of 455,000 (2014 census), and a municipality, with a population of 506,847 (2014 census). Projected to be the thirteenth fastest growing city on the African continent be ...
, Bié,
Huambo Huambo, formerly Nova Lisboa (English: ''New Lisbon''), is the third-most populous city in Angola, after the capital city Luanda and Lubango, with a population of 595,304 in the city and a population of 713,134 in the municipality of Huambo (Cens ...
, and Huíla provinces. See
Mining in Angola Mining in Angola is an activity with great economic potential since the country has one of the largest and most diversified mining resources of Africa. Angola is the third largest producer of diamonds in Africa and has only explored 40% of the dia ...


Cameroon

Deposits and production in
Cameroon Cameroon (; french: Cameroun, ff, Kamerun), officially the Republic of Cameroon (french: République du Cameroun, links=no), is a country in west-central Africa. It is bordered by Nigeria to the west and north; Chad to the northeast; the C ...
include: *
Lolabé Lolabé is a small coastal town in Cameroon. It lies on the Atlantic Ocean, about halfway between Kribi and the border with Equatorial Guinea. Port The town has been chosen as the site for a port serving an iron ore railway (or slurry pipeli ...
Mbalam – iron ore port * Nkout(AU) – African Aura: iron ore, gold and diamond potential galore in Africa
. Proactive Investors (29 March 2010). Retrieved 2010-09-29.
Afferro Mining *
Mbarga Mbarga is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Prince Nico Mbarga, (1950–1997), Nigerian musician * Joséphine Mbarga-Bikié (born 1979), Cameroonian long jumper * Janvier Charles Mbarga (born 1985), Cameroonian footballer * Fran ...
– iron ore deposit near Mbalam * see extension in Congo-Brazzaville *
Ngovayang Ngovayang is an iron ore mining site in the department of Océan, South Region, Cameroon. It is controlled by the Indian company Jindal Steel and Power. History In November 2013, the Australian company Legend Mining sold the Ngovayang exploit ...
Legend Mining A legend is a genre of folklore that consists of a narrative featuring human actions, believed or perceived, both by teller and listeners, to have taken place in human history. Narratives in this genre may demonstrate human values, and possess ...


Central African Republic

Deposits and production in
Central African Republic The Central African Republic (CAR; ; , RCA; , or , ) is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Chad to the north, Sudan to the northeast, South Sudan to the southeast, the DR Congo to the south, the Republic of th ...
include: *
Bambari Bambari is a town in the Central African Republic, lying on the Ouaka River. It has a population of 41,356 (2003 census) and is the capital of Ouaka prefecture. Bambari is an important market town and is home to Bambari Airport, and the R ...
and Bakala are iron ore deposits located approximately 1,500 km from the sea.


Congo (Brazzaville)

Deposits and production in
Congo (Brazzaville) The Republic of the Congo (french: République du Congo, ln, Republíki ya Kongó), also known as Congo-Brazzaville, the Congo Republic or simply either Congo or the Congo, is a country located in the western coast of Central Africa to the w ...
include: *
Mayoko Mayoko District is a district in the Niari Department of Republic of the Congo. The capital lies at Mayoko. It has a northern border with Gabon. As of 2007, the population is 5,147. Transport Mayoko is served by a branch railway of the Con ...
– in 2008 a possible iron ore mine is being considered Mayoko is already served by a
narrow gauge A narrow-gauge railway (narrow-gauge railroad in the US) is a railway with a track gauge narrower than standard . Most narrow-gauge railways are between and . Since narrow-gauge railways are usually built with tighter curves, smaller structu ...
railway branchline. The company is Exxaro Resources. ** new iron ore port at
Indienne ''Indienne'' (, ; , ), was a type of printed or painted textile manufactured in Europe between the 17th and the 19th centuries, inspired by similar textile originally made in India (hence the name). They received various other names in French s ...
for Mayoko iron ore north of
Pointe Noire Pointe-Noire (; kg, Njinji, french: Ndjindji with the letter d following French spelling standards) is the second largest city in the Republic of the Congo, following the capital of Brazzaville, and an autonomous department since 2004. Before ...
. * In 2007 privately owned British firm Mining Projects Development said it had found large deposits of iron ore at the
Zanaga Zanaga is a town and capital of Zanaga District in the Lékoumou Department of northeastern Republic of the Congo. It lies near the Ogooue River, which flows north into Gabon. Mining The city is near Zanaga mine, a potential 3 billion tonn ...
site in Lekoumou region, in the south of the country. Exploration work suggested there could be 500 million tonnes of ore. In 2008 the Brazzaville government said the project required investment of $2 billion, including a 300 km railway line to the port at
Pointe Noire Pointe-Noire (; kg, Njinji, french: Ndjindji with the letter d following French spelling standards) is the second largest city in the Republic of the Congo, following the capital of Brazzaville, and an autonomous department since 2004. Before ...
. * In 2010, a map shows a connection to the Cameroon railway from
Mbarga Mbarga is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Prince Nico Mbarga, (1950–1997), Nigerian musician * Joséphine Mbarga-Bikié (born 1979), Cameroonian long jumper * Janvier Charles Mbarga (born 1985), Cameroonian footballer * Fran ...
/ Mbalam to the port of
Kribi Kribi is a beach resort and sea port in Cameroon. Location The coastal town of Kribi lies on the Gulf of Guinea, in Océan Department, South Province, at the mouth of the Kienké River. This location, lies approximately , by road, south of ...
. * Nabeba majority owned by Sundance Resources * Letioukbala *
Avima The Monts Avima are a mountain range in the Republic of the Congo near Gabon border to the west, and the Cameroon border to the north. The highest peak is the Mt. Avima (949 m above sea level) in a 40 km west to east oriented ridge with sever ...
invests in iron ore projects in the republic of Congo and Gabon through the acquisition of shares in Core Mining Limited
. Severstal (13 May 2010). Retrieved 2010-09-29.
* Badondo


Côte d'Ivoire

Deposits and production in
Côte d'Ivoire Ivory Coast, also known as Côte d'Ivoire, officially the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, is a country on the southern coast of West Africa. Its capital is Yamoussoukro, in the centre of the country, while its largest city and economic centre is ...
include: * deposits in
Mount Nimba Mount Richard-Molard, also known as Mount Nimba, is a mountain along the border of Ivory Coast and Guinea in West Africa. The highest peak for both countries and the Nimba Range is at . The mountain is a part of the Guinea Highlands, which stra ...
(on border with Guinea) *
Mount Kalayo Mount is often used as part of the name of specific mountains, e.g. Mount Everest. Mount or Mounts may also refer to: Places * Mount, Cornwall, a village in Warleggan parish, England * Mount, Perranzabuloe, a hamlet in Perranzabuloe parish, C ...
''


Egypt

Deposits and production in
Egypt Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediter ...
include: * El Gedida * El Bahariya * Eastern Aswan near the Abo Alrish area
hematite Hematite (), also spelled as haematite, is a common iron oxide compound with the formula, Fe2O3 and is widely found in rocks and soils. Hematite crystals belong to the rhombohedral lattice system which is designated the alpha polymorph of . ...
has been mined since 1962, but the work has been finished due to economical conditions such as transition of ore, sulfide and shortage of water at that height.


Gabon

Deposits and production in
Gabon Gabon (; ; snq, Ngabu), officially the Gabonese Republic (french: République gabonaise), is a country on the west coast of Central Africa. Located on the equator, it is bordered by Equatorial Guinea to the northwest, Cameroon to the north ...
include: * Bélinga – possible iron ore mine, with enhanced port and railway extension worth $3b. *
Mékambo Mékambo is a small town in north-eastern Gabon on the banks of the Zadié river. It is located in the Ogooué-Ivindo province of Gabon and is the seat of the Zadié Department. It has received international press for recent outbreaks of Ebola ...
*
Kango Kango is a town in the Estuaire Province of Gabon, Central Africa, lying on the Komo River and the N1 road. It has a station near the Trans-Gabon Railway, where the railway bridges the Gabon Estuary. Kango is a small town with a population o ...


Ghana

Deposits and production in
Ghana Ghana (; tw, Gaana, ee, Gana), officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country in West Africa. It abuts the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean to the south, sharing borders with Ivory Coast in the west, Burkina Faso in the north, and To ...
include: *
Yendi Yendi is a town and the capital of Yendi Municipal district in the Northern Region of Ghana. As of 2012 the population of Yendi was 52,008 people. It is the seat of the King of the Dagombas. Climate Economy The people of Yendi are mainly ...
* deposits being studied: ** ShieniFACTBOX: African iron ore projects
Reuters. Retrieved on 2010-09-29.
** Oppong Mansi ** Pudo ** Adum Banso


Guinea

Deposits and production in
Guinea Guinea ( ),, fuf, 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫, italic=no, Gine, wo, Gine, nqo, ߖߌ߬ߣߍ߫, bm, Gine officially the Republic of Guinea (french: République de Guinée), is a coastal country in West Africa. It borders the Atlantic Ocean to the we ...
include: *
Simandou Simandou is a range of hills located in the Nzérékoré and Kankan regions of southeastern Guinea, in the country's mountainous, forested ''Guinée Forestière'' region. At the southern end of the range the site of a large iron ore deposit i ...
(South) – Diéké – exploration company is Rio.Global corporations compete for West African minerals
Wsws.org. Retrieved on 2010-09-29.
– port
Matakong Matakong is an island just off the coast of Guinea between the capital Conakry and the Sierra Leone border. Nomenclature Matakong is also called Matakan. Transport Matakong is the proposed port terminus of the heavy duty standard gauge ...
** Zogota * Kalia, Guinea – Exploration company is Bellzone. – port
Matakong Matakong is an island just off the coast of Guinea between the capital Conakry and the Sierra Leone border. Nomenclature Matakong is also called Matakan. Transport Matakong is the proposed port terminus of the heavy duty standard gauge ...
*
Faranah Faranah ( N’ko: ߝߙߊߣߊ߫߫) is a town and sub-prefecture in central Guinea, lying by the River Niger. As of 2014 it had a population of 78,108 people. The town is mainly inhabited by the Malinke people. History Sékou Touré was born in ...
– mining company is Bellzone *
Matakong Matakong is an island just off the coast of Guinea between the capital Conakry and the Sierra Leone border. Nomenclature Matakong is also called Matakan. Transport Matakong is the proposed port terminus of the heavy duty standard gauge ...
– proposed port * ''
Mifergui Mifergui is a locality in southeastern Guinea near the borders of Liberia and Côte d'Ivoire. It is the site of yet to be exploited iron ore deposits. See also * Railway stations in Guinea Railway stations in Guinea include: Maps UNHCR ...
- Nimba-
Nzérékoré Nzérékoré (N’ko: , Adlam: ; also spelled N'Zérékoré) is the second-largest city in Guinea by population after the capital, Conakry, and the largest city in the Guinée forestière region of southeastern Guinea. The city is the capital of ...
iron and steel project'' * Didia – proposed port in LiberiaPublic Service On Guinea Line Revived , Railways Africa
. Railwaysafrica.com (7 June 2010). Retrieved on 2010-09-29.
east of Buchanan


Liberia

Deposits and production in
Liberia Liberia (), officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country on the West African coast. It is bordered by Sierra Leone to Liberia–Sierra Leone border, its northwest, Guinea to its north, Ivory Coast to its east, and the Atlantic Ocean ...
include: * Nimba
ArcelorMittal ArcelorMittal S.A. is a Luxembourgian multinational steel manufacturing corporation headquartered in Luxembourg City. It was formed in 2006 from the takeover and merger of Arcelor by Indian-owned Mittal Steel. ArcelorMittal is the second larg ...
* Putu * Didia – proposed port for ore from Guinea * Western Cluster
BHP BHP Group Limited (formerly known as BHP Billiton) is an Australian multinational mining, metals, natural gas petroleum public company that is headquartered in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The Broken Hill Proprietary Company was founded ...
* 240 km from Tokadeh mine to the sea port at Buchanan.


Libya

Deposits and production in
Libya Libya (; ar, ليبيا, Lībiyā), officially the State of Libya ( ar, دولة ليبيا, Dawlat Lībiyā), is a country in the Maghreb region in North Africa. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to Egypt–Libya bo ...
include: * Proposed railway 800 km long for iron ore transport from the southern city of Sabha to the port at
Misrata Misrata ( ; also spelled Misurata or Misratah; ar, مصراتة, Miṣrāta ) is a city in the Misrata District in northwestern Libya, situated to the east of Tripoli and west of Benghazi on the Mediterranean coast near Cape Misrata. With ...
.


Mali

Deposits and production in
Mali Mali (; ), officially the Republic of Mali,, , ff, 𞤈𞤫𞤲𞥆𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤣𞤭 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭, Renndaandi Maali, italics=no, ar, جمهورية مالي, Jumhūriyyāt Mālī is a landlocked country in West Africa. Mali ...
include: * Bale 220 km (136 miles) west of
Bamako Bamako ( bm, ߓߡߊ߬ߞߐ߬ ''Bàmakɔ̌'', ff, 𞤄𞤢𞤥𞤢𞤳𞤮 ''Bamako'') is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Mali, with a 2009 population of 1,810,366 and an estimated 2022 population of 2.81 million. It is located on t ...
.


Mauritania

Deposits and production in
Mauritania Mauritania (; ar, موريتانيا, ', french: Mauritanie; Berber: ''Agawej'' or ''Cengit''; Pulaar: ''Moritani''; Wolof: ''Gànnaar''; Soninke:), officially the Islamic Republic of Mauritania ( ar, الجمهورية الإسلامية ...
include: * Société Nationale Industrielle et Minière (SNIM) *
Askaf Askaf is an iron ore prospect in Mauritania. Railway The deposit straddles the SNIM railway 598 km from its port of export. In 2014, Glencore Xstrata paid $1 billion to SNIM for access to that company's rail and port infrastructure, how ...
* El Aouj * Iron ore in Mauritania


Nigeria

Deposits and production in
Nigeria Nigeria ( ), , ig, Naìjíríyà, yo, Nàìjíríà, pcm, Naijá , ff, Naajeeriya, kcg, Naijeriya officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa. It is situated between the Sahel to the north and the Gulf o ...
include: * National Iron Ore Mining Company in
Itakpe Itakpe is a town in Kogi State, Nigeria. The Itakpe Hills in and around the town of Itakpe contain very pure deposits of iron ore. The National Iron Ore Mining Company is located here. It supplies the steel works of Ajaokuta and Aladja, as well as ...
, with both steel mill at
Ajaokuta Ajaokuta is a Local Government Area in Kogi State, Nigeria and a town within it on the left bank of the Niger River. The headquarters of the LGA are in the town of Egayin in the south of the area at . It has an area of 1,362 km and a populati ...
,
Kogi State Kogi State is a state in the North Central region of Nigeria, bordered to the west by the states of Ekiti and Kwara, to the north by the Federal Capital Territory, to the northeast by Nasarawa State, to the northwest by Niger State, to the s ...
, and port at
Warri The city of Warri is an oil hub within South-South Nigeria and houses an annex of the Delta State Government House. Warri City is one of the major hubs of the petroleum industry in Nigeria. Warri and her twin city, Uvwie are the commercial c ...
, Delta State *
Agbaja Agbaja is the locality of a large iron ore deposit in Kogi State, central Nigeria. People Agbaja is inhabited by the Oworo people who speak a dialect of Yoruba also called Oworo. Agbaja was the administrative capital of Oworo district during th ...
for export


Senegal

Deposits and production in
Senegal Senegal,; Wolof: ''Senegaal''; Pulaar: 𞤅𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤺𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 (Senegaali); Arabic: السنغال ''As-Sinighal'') officially the Republic of Senegal,; Wolof: ''Réewum Senegaal''; Pulaar : 𞤈𞤫𞤲𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤣𞤭 ...
include: * '' Miferso Company, exploring in Faleme; a
Kumba Resources Kumba Iron Ore is an iron-ore mining company in South Africa. It is the fourth largest iron-ore producer in the world and the largest in Africa. History Kumba Iron Ore is a successor of Kumba Resources, which was listed on the Johannesburg Sec ...
project'' * Bargny-
Sendou Bargny (also, Bargny-Gouddau and Bargny Gouddou) is a settlement in Senegal. It is located in a somewhat sheltered bay about 15 km to the east of the capital, Dakar. Environment The community has a number of severe environmental threats, ...
– proposed
deepwater port A port is a maritime facility comprising one or more wharves or loading areas, where ships load and discharge cargo and passengers. Although usually situated on a sea coast or estuary, ports can also be found far inland, such as Ha ...
for iron ore


Sierra Leone

Deposits and production in
Sierra Leone Sierra Leone,)]. officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country on the southwest coast of West Africa. It is bordered by Liberia to the southeast and Guinea surrounds the northern half of the nation. Covering a total area of , Sierra ...
include: *
Marampa Marampa Mines is the site of an hematite iron ore mine based in the town of Lunsar, Port Loko District,
London Mining – Cape Lambert will need to build 34 km rail spur line to the existing railway. – operational 2012 – operational 2012 * Bagla Hills near east and near border with Liberia *
Tagrin Point Tagrin Point is the proposed location of a deep water port to replace the older and shallower port of Port Pepel in Sierra Leone. It would be connected to existing and new iron ore mined by an upgraded railway line converted to standard gauge. F ...
proposed port


South Africa

Deposits and production include: * With ~ 38 mm TPA,
South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring countri ...
is the world's 7th largest producer. *
Kumba Resources Kumba Iron Ore is an iron-ore mining company in South Africa. It is the fourth largest iron-ore producer in the world and the largest in Africa. History Kumba Iron Ore is a successor of Kumba Resources, which was listed on the Johannesburg Sec ...
/ Exxaro – globally ranked producer * Assmang (company) in Beeshoek, South Africa * Highveld Steel and Vanadium Company in Mapochs, South Africa


Tunisia

Deposits and production include: *
Tunisia ) , image_map = Tunisia location (orthographic projection).svg , map_caption = Location of Tunisia in northern Africa , image_map2 = , capital = Tunis , largest_city = capital , ...
produces about 200,000 TPA of pellets.


Uganda

Deposits and production in
Uganda }), is a landlocked country in East Africa East Africa, Eastern Africa, or East of Africa, is the eastern subregion of the African continent. In the United Nations Statistics Division scheme of geographic regions, 10-11-(16*) territor ...
include: * Muko deposits in
Kabale District Kabale District is a district in the Western Region of Uganda. Kabale hosts the district headquarters. It was originally part of Kigezi District, before the districts of Rukungiri, Kanungu, Kisoro, Rubanda and Rukiga and were excised to form se ...
,
Kisoro District Kisoro District is a district in the Western Region of Uganda. The town of Kisoro is the site of the district headquarters. Education Metropolitan International University in a secular private university licensed and accredited by National Co ...
* Sukulu deposits and
Bukusu The Bukusu people ( Bukusu: ''Babukusu'') are one of the seventeen Kenyan tribes of the Luhya Bantu people of East Africa residing mainly in the counties of Bungoma and Trans Nzoia. They are closely related to other Luhya people and the Gisu ...
deposits in
Tororo District Tororo District is a district in the Eastern Region of Uganda. The town of Tororo hosts the district headquarters. Location Tororo District is bordered by Mbale District to the north, Manafwa District to the north-east, Kenya to the east, Busi ...


Zimbabwe

Deposits and production in
Zimbabwe Zimbabwe (), officially the Republic of Zimbabwe, is a landlocked country located in Southeast Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers, bordered by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the south-west, Zambia to the north, and Mozam ...
include: *
Zimbabwe Iron and Steel Company Zimbabwe Iron and Steel Company is the largest steel works in Zimbabwe. It is located just outside Kwekwe, in Redcliff, Kwekwe District. Over the years the company has faced many operational problems and corruption scandals. History In 1942, the ...
(ZISCO) * Ripple Creek


See also

*
Aluminium in Africa Aluminium in Africa originates from bauxite, and within Africa is primarily found in Guinea, Mozambique and Ghana. Guinea is by far the biggest producer in Africa, and is a world leader in bauxite production. There are many companies involved i ...
*
Cement in Africa Countries Angola * Lobitoo - proposal 2006 * Nova Cimangola - state-owned cement company based in Luanda, associated with Scancem and Heidelberg Cement Benin * Onigbolo, Porto-Novo Burundi * Bugarama * Burundi Cement Company - (BUCE ...
*
Copper in Africa Copper is one of the world's most important industrial minerals, and Africa is an important world producer. While output is traditionally dominated by Zambia, South Africa and Katanga Province in the south of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, ...
*
Platinum in Africa Platinum and platinum group metals are produced in Zimbabwe and South Africa. Of the multitudes of companies involved in producing platinum group metals in these two countries, these are the principal operators: South Africa World's leading pl ...
*
Titanium in Africa Titanium mining in Africa has been beset by environmental problems due to the polluting nature of processing rutile, a principal titanium ore. Titanium production in Africa includes the following principal countries and companies. Kenya * Base Ti ...
*
Uranium in Africa Uranium production is an important part of the African economy, with Niger, Namibia and South Africa creating up to 18% of the world's annual production. Many African countries produce uranium or have untapped uranium ore deposits. List Algeria ...
*
Mineral industry of Africa The mineral industry of Africa is the second-largest mineral industry in the world. Africa is the second largest continent, with 30.37 million square kilometre of land, which implies large quantities of resources. With a population of 1.4 billion ...
* Major coal producing regions


References


External links


Central and West Africa





Kumba Resources
* Journal
Mining Review Africa

AfricaSteel

MiningTopNews

Reuters
{{DEFAULTSORT:Iron Ore in Africa Mining in South Africa Mining in Mauritania Mining in Algeria