Iris most often refers to: *

Iris (anatomy) In humans and most mammals and birds, the iris (plural: ''irides'' or ''irises'') is a thin, annular structure in the eye, responsible for controlling the diameter and size of the pupil, and thus the amount of light reaching the retina. Eye co ...

, part of the eye *

Iris (mythology) In ancient Greek religion and mythology, Iris (; ; grc-gre, Ἶρις, Îris, rainbow, ) is a daughter of the gods Thaumas and Electra, the personification of the rainbow and messenger of the gods, a servant to the Olympians and especially Q ...

, a Greek goddess * ''Iris'' (plant), a genus of flowering plants * Iris (color), an ambiguous color term Iris or IRIS may also refer to:

Arts and media

Fictional entities

* Iris (''American Horror Story''), an ''American Horror Story: Hotel'' character * Iris (''Fire Force''), a character in the manga series ''Fire Force'' * Iris (''Mega Man''), a ''Mega Man X4'' character ** Iris, a ''Mega Man Battle Network'' character * Iris (''Pokémon'') ** Iris (''Pokémon'' anime) * Iris, a '' Trolls: The Beat Goes On!'' character * Sorceress Iris, a ''Magicians of Xanth'' character * Iris, a kaiju character in '' Gamera 3: The Revenge of Iris'' * Iris, a ''

LoliRock ''LoliRock'' is a French animated television series produced by Marathon Media and Zodiak Kids with the participation of France Télévisions and The Walt Disney Company France. It was created by Jean Louis-Vandestoc and written by Madellai ...

'' character * Iris, a '' Lufia II: Rise of the Sinistrals'' (1995) character * Iris, a '' Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney − Trials and Tribulations'' character * Iris, a ''Ruby Gloom'' character * Iris, a ''

Taxi Driver ''Taxi Driver'' is a 1976 American film directed by Martin Scorsese, written by Paul Schrader, and starring Robert De Niro, Jodie Foster, Cybill Shepherd, Harvey Keitel, Peter Boyle, Leonard Harris, and Albert Brooks. Set in a decaying and ...

'' (1976) character * Iris Sagan, in '' AI: The Somnium Files''

Film, television, and theatre

Film

Iris shot An iris shot is a technique used in silent film and television sometimes to emphasize a detail of a scene above all others, more commonly to end or open a scene. The film camera's iris is slowly closed or opened, so that what is visible on film ap ...

, a film technique for ending a scene * ''Iris'' (1916 film), a British silent romance * ''Iris'' (1987 film), a Dutch film directed by Mady Saks * ''Iris'' (2001 film), a biopic about Iris Murdoch * ''Iris'' (2014 film), a documentary about Iris Apfel by Albert Maysles * ''Iris'' (2016 film), a French film directed by Jalil Lespert

Stage productions

* ''Iris'' (Cirque du Soleil), a resident show in Los Angeles, California * ''Iris'' (play), a 1901 play by the British writer Arthur Wing Pinero

Television

Iris (TV channel) Iris is an Italian free entertainment television channel, launched on November 30, 2007, operated by Mediaset and owned by MFE - MediaForEurope. It is broadcast in Italy on DTT channel 22 on mux ''Mediaset 4 ''. Iris broadcasts films (mainly ...

, an Italian free entertainment television channel * ''Iris'' (TV series), a 2009 South Korean espionage television drama series * ''Iris II'' (TV series), a 2013 South Korean espionage television drama series * ''

Iris, The Happy Professor ''Iris, The Happy Professor'' (also known as ''Iris'' and ''Professor Iris'' and in French as ''Iris, le gentil professeur'' or ''Professeur Iris'') is a Canadian-produced television show that run for 156 episodes from 1992 to 1994, created by for ...

'', a 1992 Canadian television show featuring a purple ibis

Music

Classical compositions

* ''Iris'' (opera), by Pietro Mascagni * "Iris", chanson by Michel Lambert (1610–1696) * "Iris", chanson by Jean-Benjamin de La Borde (1734–1794) * ''Iris'', concerto by

Archibald Joyce Archibald Joyce (25 May 1873 – 22 March 1963) was an English light music composer of the early 20th century. Often regarded as the "English Waltz King," he is known for short compositions such as Dream of Autumn and Vision of Salome, both of w ...

(1873–1963) * ''Iris'', for saxophone by

Tansy Davies Tansy Davies (born 29 May 1973, Bristol) is an English composer of contemporary classical music. She won the BBC Young Composers' Competition in 1996 and has written works for ensembles such as the London Symphony Orchestra, the BBC Symphony Orc ...

(born 1973)

Performers

* Iris (American band), a synthpop group *

Iris (Romanian band) Iris is a Romanian rock band established in February 1977 by Ioan 'Nelu' Dumitrescu (drums), Ion 'Nuțu' Olteanu (lead solo guitar and vocals) and Emil Lechințeanu (bass guitar). They achieved success, followed by tours throughout Romania and re ...

, a heavy metal group *

Iris (Japanese band) (stylized as i☆Ris) is a Japanese voice acting and singing female idol group, formed in 2012 by Avex. The group currently consists of five members: Saki Yamakita, Yu Serizawa, Himika Akaneya, Yūki Wakai, and Miyu Kubota. The leader is Sak ...

, a Japanese girl idol group * Arc Iris, a folk pop band from Providence, Rhode Island, US

Albums

* ''Iris'' (album), by the Romanian band Iris * ''Iris'' (EP), a 1992 EP by Miranda Sex Garden

Songs

* "Iris" (song), a 1998 song by the Goo Goo Dolls on the soundtrack ''City of Angels'', later covered by other artists * "Iris", a song by The Breeders on the album '' Pod'' * "Iris", a song by Miles Davis on the 1965 album '' ESP'' * "Iris", a song by Emmy the Great on the album ''

Virtue Virtue ( la, virtus) is morality, moral excellence. A virtue is a trait or quality that is deemed to be morally good and thus is Value (ethics), valued as a foundation of principle and good moral being. In other words, it is a behavior that sh ...

'' * "Iris", a song by Live on the album ''

Throwing Copper ''Throwing Copper'' is the third studio album by American alternative rock band Live, released on April 26, 1994, on former MCA Records subsidiary Radioactive Records. It was produced by Jerry Harrison of Talking Heads and was recorded at Pa ...

'' * "Iris", a song by Mike Posner on the album '' At Night, Alone'' * "Iris", a song by Split Enz on the album '' Waiata'' * "Iris (Hold Me Close)", a song by U2 on the album ''

Songs of Innocence ''Songs of Innocence and of Experience'' is a collection of illustrated poems by William Blake. It appeared in two phases: a few first copies were printed and illuminated by Blake himself in 1789; five years later, he bound these poems with a ...

Periodicals

* '' El Iris'', a Mexican periodical published in 1826 * '' Sheffield Iris'', an early English newspaper * ''

IRIS Magazine ''IRIS'' was an English and Irish language magazine which focuses on Irish republicanism, Irish politics, current affairs, history and foreign affairs. The first issue of the magazine was published in 1981. Its headquarters was in Belfast. It c ...

'', an Irish republican magazine

Other media

* Iris (game), a ''Halo 3'' online promotion * ''Irises'' (painting), by Vincent Van Gogh * '' Iris, Messenger of the Gods'', a sculpture by Auguste Rodin

Organizations

Charitable organizations

* IRIS (radio reading service), provided by Vision Australia Radio *

Iris Fund for Prevention of Blindness Fight for Sight is a UK charity funding research into the prevention and treatment of blindness and eye disease. Since 1965 the charity has been funding medical research into a wide range of eye conditions, including macular degeneration, glauco ...

, a British charity, now part of Fight for Sight * International Resources for the Improvement of Sight, a multi-national charity

Research groups

IRIS Consortium IRIS (Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology) is a university research consortium dedicated to exploring the Earth's interior through the collection and distribution of seismographic data. IRIS programs contribute to scholarly research, ...

, a seismology research project * IRIS Research, an Australian economic, community and industry research organisation * Information Systems Research in Scandinavia, a non-profit organization in Scandinavia * Institute for Research in Information and Scholarship, a Brown University program

Other organizations

Iris Associates Iris Associates was an American software development company founded in 1984. It developed the software for Lotus Notes (subsequently IBM Notes). Iris worked under contract with Lotus Development Corporation until 1994, when it was bought by Lotus ...

, an American software company, developer of Lotus Notes *

Iris Capital Iris Capital is a venture capital firm, specialized in the digital economy, primarily active in Europe. Since its creation, the Iris Capital team has invested more than a billion Euros in over 230 innovative companies. Iris Capital is sponsored ...

, a venture capital firm primarily active in Europe *

Iris Clert Gallery The Iris Clert Gallery (''Galerie Iris Clert'' in French) was an art gallery named after its Greeks, Greek owner and curator, Iris Clert. The single-room gallery The Iris Clert Gallery (Galerie'' Iris Clert'' in French) was an art gallery named a ...

, a former art gallery in Paris * Iris Ohyama, a Japanese manufacturing company * Denso Iris, a basketball team based in Kariya, Aichi

People

Iris (given name) Iris (from Greek , the messenger of the gods among themselves and the personification of , the "rainbow") is a feminine name. It came into use in English-speaking countries in the 1500s in reference to the goddess and the coloring of the iris o ...

, a feminine given name, and a list of people so named * Iris (artist) (born 1983), comics artist in Quebec, Canada *

Íris (footballer) Íris Pereira de Souza (born 12 February 1945), known as just Íris, is a Brazilian former footballer A football player or footballer is a sportsperson who plays one of the different types of football. The main types of football are associ ...

(born 1945), Brazilian footballer *

Iris (singer) Laura van den Bruel, known as Iris or Airis (born 19 January 1995), is a Belgian singer. Eurovision On 18 November 2011, it was announced by Vlaamse Radio- en Televisieomroeporganisatie (VRT), that Iris would represent Belgium in the Eurovision ...

(born 1995), Belgian singer * Donnie Iris (born 1943), American rock musician

Places

North America

* Iris, Prince Edward Island, a community in Canada *

Iris, West Virginia Iris was an unincorporated community in Ritchie County, West Virginia West Virginia is a state in the Appalachian, Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions of the United States.The Census Bureau and the Association of American Geographers cla ...

, a community in the United States * Iris Avenue station, on the San Diego Trolley * Iris Falls, a waterfall in Wyoming

Elsewhere

* Iris, Cluj-Napoca, a district in Romania * Iris Bay, in South Georgia, British Overseas Territory *

Iris Bay (Dubai) The Iris Bay is a 32-floor tower in the Business Bay in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The tower has a total structural height of 170 m (558 ft). Construction of the Iris Bay was expected to be completed in 2008 but progress stopped in 201 ...

, a 32-floor tower in the United Arab Emirates * Glen Iris (disambiguation), several places * River Iris, now

Yeşilırmak River Yeşilırmak (literally "green river") is a Turkish place name that may refer to several things: * Yeşilırmak (river), a river in northern Turkey * Elif Jale Yeşilırmak (born 1986), Turkish female wrestler of Russian origin * Limnitis, a vi ...

, a river in northern Turkey, called Iris in classical Greek *

IRIS Mist IRIS Mist was a proposed mixed used tower which was to be built in Dubai Maritime City, in Dubai, United Arab Emirates The United Arab Emirates (UAE; ar, اَلْإِمَارَات الْعَرَبِيَة الْمُتَحِدَة ), or ...

, a tower to be built in Dubai Maritime City, United Arab Emirates

Science and technology

Astronomy and spaceflight

IRIS (astronomical software) Astrophotography, also known as astronomical imaging, is the photography or imaging of astronomical objects, celestial events, or areas of the night sky. The first photograph of an astronomical object (the Moon) was taken in 1840, but it was no ...

, an image processing application *

Iris (transponder) The Iris transponder is a small, low power deep-space transponder designed by JPL for use in cubesats. It unifies a number of communication functions - receiver, command detector, telemetry modulator, exciters, and control functions - into one 1. ...

, designed for use in cubesats *

7 Iris Iris (minor planet designation: 7 Iris) is a large main-belt asteroid and perhaps remnant planetesimal orbiting the Sun between Mars and Jupiter. It is the fourth-brightest object in the asteroid belt. It is classified as an S-type asteroid, m ...

, an asteroid *

Infrared interferometer spectrometer and radiometer An Infrared interferometer spectrometer and radiometer (IRIS) is a device built into the Voyager space probe which enables the measurement of three distinct properties. The instrument itself consists of two separate instruments that together share a ...

, an instrument used in the Voyager space program *

Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS), also called Explorer 94 and SMEX-12, is a NASA solar observation satellite. The mission was funded through the Small Explorer program to investigate the physical conditions of the solar limb, par ...

, a space probe to observe the Sun *

Iris Nebula The Iris Nebula (also known as NGC 7023 and Caldwell 4) is a bright reflection nebula in the constellation Cepheus. The designation NGC 7023 refers to the open cluster within the larger reflection nebula designated LBN 487. The nebula, which sh ...

, a reflection nebula and Caldwell object in the constellation Cepheus * International Radiation Investigation Satellite, an early satellite to study radiation in space *

Internet Routing in Space Internet Routing in Space (IRIS) was a program to build a radiation-tolerant IP router created by Cisco Systems for satellite and related spacecraft. It was a follow-on from Cisco's earlier CLEO router in space on the UK-DMC satellite. The Ci ...

, an Internet router on a satellite

Biology and medicine

, part of the eye * ''Iris'' (insect), a genus of praying mantis * ''Iris'' (plant), a genus of flowering plants * Iris (psychedelic), a psychedelic drug * Iris glossy-starling, the emerald starling (''Lamprotornis iris'') * Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, a complication of HIV treatment

Computing

Computing hardware

* IRIS (biosensor), an interferometric high-throughput biosensor * Iris Mote, a wireless sensor node * Iris printer, an inkjet printer *

SGI IRIS The SGI IRIS series of terminals and workstations from Silicon Graphics was produced in the 1980s and 1990s. IRIS is an acronym for Integrated Raster Imaging System. Overview 68000 The early systems up to IRIS 3000 use the Motorola 68000 series ...

, a line of computer terminals and workstations * HTC Iris, a smartphone manufactured by High Tech Computer Corporation * Intel HD, UHD and Iris Graphics, a series of integrated graphics processors *

, a space-capable IP router

Software

, an image processing application *

IRIS (transportation software) IRIS (Intelligent Roadway Information System) is an open-source Advanced Traffic Management System (ATMS) software project developed by the Minnesota Department of Transportation. It is used by transportation agencies to monitor and manage inters ...

, an Advanced Traffic Management System *

, an American software company, developer of Lotus Notes *

Iris Browser Iris Browser is a discontinued web browser for Windows Mobile smartphones and personal digital assistants (PDAs) developed by the Torch Mobile company. The first version was released in 2008. It was one of the first mobile browsers to score a perf ...

, a web browser *

IRIS GL IRIS GL (Integrated Raster Imaging System Graphics Library) is a proprietary graphics API created by Silicon Graphics (SGI) in the early 1980s for producing 2D and 3D computer graphics on their IRIX-based IRIS graphical workstations. Later SGI re ...

, a graphics application programming interface * IRIS Workspace, a graphically organized iconic desktop environment * Incident Resource Inventory System (IRIS), a distributed software tool provided by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)

Other uses in computing

* Iris Challenge Evaluation, a series of NIST events to promote iris recognition technology * Iris Recognition Immigration System, an electronic border control system * Information Systems Research in Scandinavia, a non-profit organization in Scandinavia *

Iris flower data set The ''Iris'' flower data set or Fisher's ''Iris'' data set is a multivariate data set used and made famous by the British statistician and biologist Ronald Fisher in his 1936 paper ''The use of multiple measurements in taxonomic problems'' as a ...

, a standard example data set for use in statistics (and related software)

Weapons

IRIS (jamming device) IRIS is a family of ECM equipment developed by Estonian Defence Forces for purposes of interfering with remotely controlled explosive devices. In June 2009, the technology, manufactured by E-Arsenal, was sold to Latvian Army in unpublished numb ...

, an Estonian weapon *

IRIS-T The IRIS-T (" InfraRed Imaging System Tail/ Thrust Vector-Controlled") is a medium range infrared homing missile available in both air-to-air and ground defence surface-to-air variants. The missile was developed in the late 1990s–early 20 ...

, a German air-to-air missile *

Shahab-4 The Shahab-4 ( fa, شهاب ۴, meaning "Meteor-4") (a.k.a. IRIS) was an unbuilt Iranian rocket, derived from the Shahab-3 medium-range ballistic missile. According to Iran it was intended to be a space launch vehicle, after a slip by the Defense ...

or IRIS, an Iranian liquid propelled missile

Other uses in science and technology

* Iris (diaphragm), a mechanical device in optical systems * Tropical Storm Iris (disambiguation), three tropical cyclones in the Atlantic Ocean *

, a seismology research project * Institute for Research in Information and Scholarship, a Brown University program *

Internal rotary inspection system Internal rotary inspection system (IRIS) is an ultrasonic method for the nondestructive testing of pipes and tubes. The IRIS probe is inserted into a tube that is flooded with water, and the probe is pulled out slowly as the data is displayed and ...

, a pipe testing method * International Reactor Innovative and Secure, a nuclear reactor design * IRIS (french: Îlots regroupés pour l'information statistique), aggregated units for statistical information in French census mapping

Transportation

Aircraft

* Abraham Iris, a 1930s French touring airplane *

Blackburn Iris The Blackburn Iris was a British three-engined biplane flying boat of the 1920s. Although only five Irises were built, it was used as a long-range maritime reconnaissance aircraft by the Royal Air Force, where it equipped a squadron for four ye ...

, a 1920s British biplane flying boat

Automobiles

* Iris (car), a British car brand manufactured 1906–1925 *

Desert Iris The Desert Iris is a 4x4 versatile and durable strategic auxiliary vehicle. It was developed by the KADDB (King Abdullah Design and Development Bureau) and SHP Motorsports to meet an operational requirement identified by the Jordanian Armed Forc ...

, a Jordanian 4x4 strategic auxiliary vehicle *

Tata Magic Iris The Tata Magic Iris is a 3-door, 4- or 5-seater cabover microvan/minivan ( MPV) manufactured by the Indian automaker Tata Motors. Powered by a 600cc one-cylinder diesel engine, it is intended to compete with auto-rickshaws. With its engine deliv ...

, an Indian microvan * Wallyscar Iris, a Tunisian mini SUV

Engines

IRIS engine The IRIS Engine is a design for a new type of internal combustion engine. Its inventors say that engines constructed using this design can be smaller, lighter and significantly more efficient than traditional engines of comparable horsepower and d ...

, a design for a type of internal combustion engine *

de Havilland Iris The de Havilland Iris was a British four-cylinder, liquid-cooled, horizontally opposed aero engine. Notable as the first aero engine to be designed by Geoffrey de Havilland it was produced in small numbers between 1909 and 1910 by Iris C ...

, a British four-cylinder, liquid-cooled, horizontally opposed aero engine

Rail

* ''Iris'' (train), an international express train in Europe * International Railway Industry Standard; see Union des Industries Ferroviaires Européennes

Watercraft

* , for any of several ships by that name * French ship ''Iris'', the name of several vessels * HMS ''Iris'', the name of several Royal Navy ships * MV ''Royal Iris'', a ferry operating until 1991 * USS ''Iris'', the name of several U.S. Navy ships * MV ''Royal Iris of the Mersey'', a ferry operating since 2001 * IRIS, the prefix for Iranian naval vessels since 1979; see

List of current ships of the Islamic Republic of Iran Navy This list reflects the state of the mainline Iranian Navy, and does not include the vessels of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Navy. List See also * List of equipment of the Navy of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps * List of ...

Other uses

* Iris (color), an ambiguous color term, usually referring to shades ranging from blue-violet to violet *

, a Greek goddess * Incident Resource Inventory System (IRIS), a distributed software tool provided by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) *

Insurance Regulatory Information System The Insurance Regulatory Information System (IRIS) is a database of insurance companies in the United States run by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners. IRIS is designed to provide information about insurers' financial solvency Sol ...

, a database of insurance companies in the United States