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The Iris transponder is a small, low power deep-space
The Iris transponder is a small, low power deep-space transponder
In telecommunications, a transponder is a device that, upon receiving a signal, emits a different signal in response. The term is a blend of ''transmitter'' and ''responder''.
In air navigation or radio frequency identification, a flight trans ...
designed by JPL for use in cubesat
A CubeSat is a class of miniaturized satellite based around a form factor consisting of cubes. CubeSats have a mass of no more than per unit, and often use commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components for their electronics and structure. CubeSats ...
s. It unifies a number of communication functions - receiver, command detector, telemetry modulator, exciters, and control functions - into one 1.2-kg package that occupies about 0.5 U. Iris is designed to handle X band uplink, UHF receive, and both X band and optional Ka band
The Ka band (pronounced as either "kay-ay band" or "ka band") is a portion of the microwave part of the electromagnetic spectrum defined as frequencies in the range 26.5–40 gigahertz (GHz), i.e. wavelengths from slightly over one centim ...
downlink. It is only one third the mass, and lower power, compared to the smallest previous solution, the Small Deep Space Transponder
The Small Deep Space Transponder is a transponder designed by JPL specifically for deep space probes. It unifies a number of communication functions -
receiver, command detector, telemetry modulator, exciters, beacon tone generator, and control ...
.
Functions
The capabilities of Iris include: *X-band receiver/downconverter capable of carrier tracking. *Command detector unit function. *Telemetry modulation function. *X-band exciter. *A matching X-band power amplifier and low-noise amplifier. *X-band ranging. *UHF (390-450 MHz) receiver for communication with landers/rovers. *Differential one-way ranging (DOR) at X-band. *Uplink: TC Space Data Link Protocol -CCSDS
The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) was founded in 1982 for governmental and quasi-governmental space agencies to discuss and develop standards for space data and information systems. Currently composed of "eleven member agenc ...
232.0-B-3
*Downlink: AOS Space Data Link Protocol = CCSDS
The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) was founded in 1982 for governmental and quasi-governmental space agencies to discuss and develop standards for space data and information systems. Currently composed of "eleven member agenc ...
732.0-B-3
*Supports codes Convolutional 7-1/2, Manchester
Manchester () is a city in Greater Manchester, England. It had a population of 552,000 in 2021. It is bordered by the Cheshire Plain to the south, the Pennines to the north and east, and the neighbouring city of Salford to the west. The t ...
, Bi-Phase, and bypass ( NRZ), Reed Solomon
Reed or Reeds may refer to:
Science, technology, biology, and medicine
* Reed bird (disambiguation)
* Reed pen, writing implement in use since ancient times
* Reed (plant), one of several tall, grass-like wetland plants of the order Poales
* Re ...
(255,223), Turbo code
In information theory, turbo codes (originally in French ''Turbocodes'') are a class of high-performance forward error correction (FEC) codes developed around 1990–91, but first published in 1993. They were the first practical codes to closel ...
s with rates 1/2, 1/3, and 1/6 (block size 8920 bits)
*Interface to rest of CubeSat electronics is through Serial Peripheral Interface Bus
The Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) is a synchronous serial communication interface specification used for short-distance communication, primarily in embedded systems. The interface was developed by Motorola in the mid-1980s and has become a ...
, with a special hardwired output to reset the CubeSat.
Missions
*Mars Cube One
Mars Cube One (or MarCO) was a Mars flyby mission launched on 5 May 2018 alongside NASA's ''InSight'' Mars lander. It consisted of two nanospacecraft, MarCO-A and MarCO-B, that provided real-time communications to Earth for ''InSight'' duri ...
*Lunar Flashlight
Lunar Flashlight is a low-cost CubeSat lunar orbiter mission to explore, locate, and estimate size and composition of water ice deposits on the Moon for future exploitation by robots or humans.
The spacecraft, of the 6U CubeSat format, w ...
*BioSentinel
BioSentinel is a lowcost CubeSat spacecraft on a astrobiology mission that will use budding yeast to detect, measure, and compare the impact of deep space radiation on DNA repair over long time beyond low Earth orbit.
Selected in 2013 for a ...
* NEA Scout
See also
*Electra (radio)
Electra, formally called the Electra Proximity Link Payload, is a telecommunications package that acts as a communications relay and navigation aid for Mars spacecraft and rovers. The use of such a relay increases the amount of data that can be ...
References
{{Reflist Jet Propulsion Laboratory