Irina Petraș
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Irina Petraș (born 27 November 1947) is a
Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeast Europe, Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, S ...
n writer, literary critic, essayist, translator and editor.


Biography

Irina Petraș graduated from high school in
Agnita Agnita (; german: Agnetheln; Transylvanian Saxon: ''Ongenîtlen''; hu, Szentágota) is a town on the Hârtibaciu river in Sibiu County, Transylvania, central Romania. It is considered the locality in the center of the country. The town administer ...
in 1965, and from the Faculty of Letters of the
Babeș-Bolyai University The Babeș-Bolyai University ( ro, Universitatea Babeș-Bolyai , hu, Babeș-Bolyai Tudományegyetem, commonly known as UBB) is a public research university located in Cluj-Napoca, Romania. UBB has a long academic tradition, started by Universitas ...
in
Cluj-Napoca ; hu, kincses város) , official_name=Cluj-Napoca , native_name= , image_skyline= , subdivision_type1 = Counties of Romania, County , subdivision_name1 = Cluj County , subdivision_type2 = Subdivisions of Romania, Status , subdivision_name2 ...
in 1970. She earned a PhD in Romanian literature with the thesis entitled: ''
Camil Petrescu Camil Petrescu (; 9/21 April 1894 – 14 May 1957) was a Romanian playwright, novelist, philosopher and poet. He marked the end of the traditional novel era and laid the foundation of the modern novel era in Romania. Life Petrescu was born in Bu ...
, the Fiction Writer/Camil Petrescu, prozatorul (1980)''. She was editor of the Didactic and Pedagogic Publishing House (coordinator of the "Akademos" collection: 1990–1999), editor-in-chief of Casa Cărţii de Ştiinţă Publishing House, Cluj-Napoca (1999–2012). Currently she is president of the Cluj branch of the
Writers' Union of Romania The Writers' Union of Romania (), founded in March 1949, is a professional association of writers in Romania. It also has a subsidiary in Chișinău, Republic of Moldova. The Writers' Union of Romania was created by the communist regime by taking ...
(since 2005).


Publishing activity

Irina Petraș's first published book was ''Proza lui
Camil Petrescu Camil Petrescu (; 9/21 April 1894 – 14 May 1957) was a Romanian playwright, novelist, philosopher and poet. He marked the end of the traditional novel era and laid the foundation of the modern novel era in Romania. Life Petrescu was born in Bu ...
'' (''Camil Petrescu's Fiction'') (1981). She has published four essays on the theme of death, two prominent ones are ''Ştiința morţii (The Knowledge of Death'') (1995) and ''Moartea la purtător. Stări și cuvinte (Death by Proxy. Moods and Words'') (2012). Drawing on suggestions from well-known works on death by
Philippe Ariès Philippe Ariès (; 21 July 1914 – 8 February 1984) was a French medievalist and historian of the family and childhood, in the style of Georges Duby. He wrote many books on the common daily life. His most prominent works regarded the change in t ...
,
Georges Bataille Georges Albert Maurice Victor Bataille (; ; 10 September 1897 – 9 July 1962) was a French philosopher and intellectual working in philosophy, literature, sociology, anthropology, and history of art. His writing, which included essays, novels, ...
,
Edgar Morin Edgar Morin (; ; born Edgar Nahoum; 8 July 1921) is a French philosopher and sociologist of the theory of information who has been recognized for his work on complexity and "complex thought" ( pensée complexe), and for his scholarly contributio ...
,
Emmanuel Lévinas Emmanuel Levinas (; ; 12 January 1906 – 25 December 1995) was a French philosopher of Lithuanian Jewish ancestry who is known for his work within Jewish philosophy, existentialism, and phenomenology, focusing on the relationship of ethics to ...
,
Jean Ziegler Jean Ziegler (; born Hans Ziegler, 19 April 1934) is a Swiss former professor of sociology at the University of Geneva and the Sorbonne, Paris, and former vice-president of the Advisory Committee to the United Nations Human Rights Council. He ...
, Louis Vincent Thomas,
Vladimir Jankélévitch Vladimir Jankélévitch (; 31 August 1903 – 6 June 1985) was a French philosopher and musicologist. Biography Jankélévitch was the son of Russian Jewish parents, who had emigrated to France. In 1922 he started studying philosophy at the Éco ...
,
Jean Baudrillard Jean Baudrillard ( , , ; 27 July 1929 – 6 March 2007) was a French sociologist, philosopher and poet with interest in cultural studies. He is best known for his analyses of media, contemporary culture, and technological communication, as w ...
, etc., but also by
Emil Cioran Emil Mihai Cioran (, ; 8 April 1911 – 20 June 1995) was a Romanian philosopher, aphorist and essayist, who published works in both Romanian and French. His work has been noted for its pervasive philosophical pessimism, style, and aphorisms. H ...
, Ion Biberi and
Mircea Eliade Mircea Eliade (; – April 22, 1986) was a Romanians, Romanian History of religion, historian of religion, fiction writer, philosopher, and professor at the University of Chicago. He was a leading interpreter of religious experience, who establ ...
, Petraș's essays approach the problem of finitude from an innovative and unprejudiced perspective. She selects and comments freely upon statements concerning the state of deadness, emphasizing various facets of key ideas, almost turning them into leitmotifs: death is a process, not a one-off event; intravital death is worth all the manifestations of life and it alone gives them meaning and importance; a reform of death would restore the dignity of man, who is now lost under the pressure of deceptive dogmas; the mortal condition, as the supreme sign of humanness, can become a force; "the immortal" – either "the new man" of totalitarian systems or the serene and irresponsible "consumer" of
post-industrial society In sociology, the post-industrial society is the stage of society's development when the service sector generates more wealth than the manufacturing sector of the economy. The term was originated by Alain Touraine and is closely related to si ...
– endangers not only the quality of life, but the very existence of humankind. Man's subjection to the dictates of fate is a necessary evil, and one that makes it possible for him to value his passing life; the only salvation that man has is art, creation. Petraş has also published several books on femininity and the so-called "sexuate regard" of the Romanian language. Her work, ''Feminitatea limbii române. Genosanalize (The Femininity of the Romanian Language – Gender Analyses''), takes its cue from one of
Eminescu Mihai Eminescu (; born Mihail Eminovici; 15 January 1850 – 15 June 1889) was a Romanian Romantic poet from Moldavia, novelist, and journalist, generally regarded as the most famous and influential Romanian poet. Eminescu was an active memb ...
's famous phrases: the language, our mistress. The book is built on the assumption that one's mother tongue influences one's
Worldview A worldview or world-view or ''Weltanschauung'' is the fundamental cognitive orientation of an individual or society encompassing the whole of the individual's or society's knowledge, culture, and point of view. A worldview can include natural p ...
. The first section, ''Worlds and Words'', focuses research on the noun (''Hauptwort'' in German) and its genders. Thus, the Romanian language reveals its "sexual focus". Its femininity (there are mostly feminine nouns that provide the definition of the Romanian dimension of being), with its obvious bias towards androgyny (the Romanian language does not have a neutral gender, but rather an ambigenus that names things with a "double personality", androgynously), could explain many characteristics of the Romanian man. The second section, ''Sexual focus and poetry (Gender Analyses)'', draws on examples from both Romanian and foreign language poetry to support the idea that the gender of nouns organizes the written space, contributes specific nuances to the poetic perspective and deepens the particular manner in which each language represents the world. Petraș is also known for her books on Romanian literature (see the thousand-plus page work ''Contemporary Romanian Literature. A Panorama''). She has published many dictionaries and handbooks in the field of literary theory. Petraș has also translated extensively from English and French into Romanian (
Henry James Henry James ( – ) was an American-British author. He is regarded as a key transitional figure between literary realism and literary modernism, and is considered by many to be among the greatest novelists in the English language. He was the ...
,
Marcel Moreau Marcel Moreau (16 April 1933 − 4 April 2020) was a Belgian writer. He was born in Boussu, a town in the mining region of Borinage in Hainaut Province, into a working-class environment. He described it as "a pure cultural void" with "a total absen ...
, Jacques De Decker, Jean-Luc Outers, Michel Haar,
G. K. Chesterton Gilbert Keith Chesterton (29 May 1874 – 14 June 1936) was an English writer, philosopher, Christian apologist, and literary and art critic. He has been referred to as the "prince of paradox". Of his writing style, ''Time'' observed: "Wh ...
,
D. H. Lawrence David Herbert Lawrence (11 September 1885 – 2 March 1930) was an English writer, novelist, poet and essayist. His works reflect on modernity, industrialization, sexuality, emotional health, vitality, spontaneity and instinct. His best-k ...
,
Guy de Maupassant Henri René Albert Guy de Maupassant (, ; ; 5 August 1850 – 6 July 1893) was a 19th-century French author, remembered as a master of the short story form, as well as a representative of the Naturalist school, who depicted human lives, destin ...
,
Anatole France (; born , ; 16 April 1844 – 12 October 1924) was a French poet, journalist, and novelist with several best-sellers. Ironic and skeptical, he was considered in his day the ideal French man of letters. He was a member of the Académie França ...
, Mac Linscott Ricketts,
Philip Roth Philip Milton Roth (March 19, 1933 – May 22, 2018) was an American novelist and short story writer. Roth's fiction—often set in his birthplace of Newark, New Jersey—is known for its intensely autobiographical character, for philosophicall ...
,
Michel Lambert Michel Lambert (1610 – 29 June 1696) was a French singing master, theorbist and composer. Career Lambert was born at Champigny-sur-Veude, France. He received his musical education as an altar boy at the Chapel of Gaston d'Orléans, a brother of k ...
, Philippe Jones etc.) She was married to the writer Petru Poantă.


Works


Essays, literary criticism

* ''Proza lui
Camil Petrescu Camil Petrescu (; 9/21 April 1894 – 14 May 1957) was a Romanian playwright, novelist, philosopher and poet. He marked the end of the traditional novel era and laid the foundation of the modern novel era in Romania. Life Petrescu was born in Bu ...
'', Cluj-Napoca: Editura Dacia, 1981; * ''Un veac de nemurire:
Mihai Eminescu Mihai Eminescu (; born Mihail Eminovici; 15 January 1850 – 15 June 1889) was a Romanian Romantic poet from Moldavia, novelist, and journalist, generally regarded as the most famous and influential Romanian poet. Eminescu was an active membe ...
, Veronica Micle,
Ion Creangă Ion Creangă (; also known as Nică al lui Ștefan a Petrei, Ion Torcălău and Ioan Ștefănescu; March 1, 1837 – December 31, 1889) was a Moldavian, later Romanian writer, raconteur and schoolteacher. A main figure in 19th-century Romania ...
'', Cluj-Napoca: Editura Dacia, 1989; * ''Ion Creangă, povestitorul'', București: Editura Didactică şi Pedagogică, 1992; second edition, Cluj-Napoca: Biblioteca Apostrof, 2004; * ''Camil Petrescu – schițe pentru un portret'', București: Editura Demiurg, 1994; * ''Știința morții'', vol. I, Cluj-Napoca: Editura Dacia, 1995, vol. II, Piteşti: Editura Paralela 45, 2001; * ''Limba, stăpâna noastră. Încercare asupra feminității limbii române'', Cluj-Napoca: Casa Cărţii de Ştiinţă, 1999; * ''Panorama criticii literare românești. Dicționar ilustrat 1950–2000'', Cluj-Napoca: Casa Cărţii de Ştiinţă, 2001; * ''Feminitatea limbii române. Genosanalize'', Cluj-Napoca: Casa Cărţii de Ştiinţă, 2002; * ''Cărțile deceniului 10'', Cluj-Napoca: Casa Cărţii de Ştiinţă, 2003; * ''Camil Petrescu. Schițe pentru un portret'', Cluj-Napoca: Biblioteca Apostrof, 2003; * ''Despre locuri și locuire'', București: Editura Ideea Europeană, 2005; * ''Despre feminitate, moarte și alte eternități'', București: Editura Ideea Europeană, 2006; * ''Teme și digresiuni'', Cluj-Napoca: Casa Cărţii de Ştiinţă, 2006; * ''Cărți de ieri și de azi'', Cluj-Napoca: Casa Cărţii de Ştiinţă, 2007; * ''Literatură română contemporană. O panoramă'', București: Editura Ideea Europeană, 2008; * ''Literatură română contemporană. Prelungiri'', Cluj-Napoca: Casa Cărţii de Ştiinţă, 2010; * ''Locuirea cu stil'', Cluj-Napoca: Casa Cărţii de Ştiinţă, 2010; * ''Moartea la purtător. Stări și cuvinte'', București: Editura ASE, 2012; * ''Divagări inutile. Viață și literatură'', Cluj-Napoca: Editura Eikon, 2012; * ''Oglinda şi drumul. Prozatori contemporani'', București: Editura Cartea Românească, 2013; * ′′Vitraliul și fereastra. Poeți români contemproani, Editura Școala Ardeleană, 2015 * ''De veghe între cărți. Scriitori contemporani'', Editura Școala Ardeleană, 2017; * ''Viața mea de noapte. Fragmente onirice'', Editura Școala Ardeleană, 2017; ° ''Ochii minții. Eseuri, cronci, divagări'', Editura Școala Ardeleană, 2020; ° ''Eminescu - începutul continuu'', 2021; * Efectul de crepuscul. Eseuri, divagări, Editura Școala Ardeleană, 2022;


Didactic writings

* ''Curente literare – dicționar-antologie'', București: Editura Demiurg, 1992; * ''Figuri de stil – dicționar-antologie'', București: Editura Demiurg, 1992; * ''Genuri și specii literare – dicționar-antologie'', București: Editura Demiurg, 1993; * ''Literatură română contemporană – secțiuni, critică literară'', București: Editura Didactică şi Pedagogică, 1994; * ''Metrică și prozodie – dicționar-antologie'', București: Editura Demiurg, 1995; * ''Teoria literaturii – dicționar-antologie'', București: Editura Demiurg, 1996; second edition, Cluj-Napoca: Biblioteca Apostrof, 2002; third edition, București: Editura Didactică şi Pedagogică, 2008; * ''Literatura română pentru gimnaziu și pentru examenul de capacitate'', Cluj-Napoca: Casa Cărţii de Ştiinţă, 1999; * ''Fabrica de literatură urmată de mic dicționar de teorie literară și literatura lumii în repere cronologice'', Piteşti: Editura Paralela 45, 2003; * ''Mic îndreptar de scriere corectă'', Piteşti: Editura Paralela 45, 2004.


Journalism

* ''Miezul lucrurilor. Convorbiri cu Alexandru Deșliu'', Focşani: Editura Pallas Athena, 2006.


Editions

* Ion Brad, ''Rădăcinile cerului'', București: Editura Eminescu, 1989; * ''Eminescu – album-antologie'', București: Editura Didactică şi Pedagogică, 1997; * Ioana Em. Petrescu, ''Modele cosmologice și viziune poetică'', Piteşti: Editura Paralela 45, 1999, 2001; * Radu Stanca, ''Turnul Babel. Teatru'', Piteşti: Editura Paralela 45, 2001; * Ion Creangă, ''Povești, povestiri, amintiri'', Cluj-Napoca: Editura Dacia, 1999, 2001; * Ioan Pavel Petraș, ''Cartea vieții'', Cluj-Napoca: Casa Cărţii de Ştiinţă, 2004.


Collective volumes (co-author)

* ''Camil Petrescu interpretat de...'', București: Editura Eminescu, 1984; * ''Dicționarul scriitorilor români'', coordinated Mircea Zaciu, Marian Papahagi, Aurel Sasu, vol. II-IV, București: Editura Albatros, 1998–2002; * ''Meridian Blaga'', I-VIII, Cluj-Napoca: Casa Cărţii de Ştiinţă, 2000–2008; * ''Nicolae Balotă 75'', Cluj-Napoca: Biblioteca Apostrof, 2000; * ''Nicolae Breban 75'', București: Editura Ideea Europeană, 2004; * ''Cartea taților'', Cluj-Napoca: Biblioteca Apostrof, 2004; * ''Problema evreiască'', București: Editura Ideea Europeană, 2006; * ''Înapoi la lirism'' coord.
Aurel Pantea Aurel Pantea (; born 10 March 1952) is a Romanian poet and literary critic. Born in Chețani, Mureș County into a family of peasants, Pantea attended the Faculty of Letters of the Babeș-Bolyai University in Cluj, graduating in 1976. During th ...
, Tg. Mureş: Editura Ardealul, 2006; * ''Scriitorul și trupul său'', Cluj-Napoca: Biblioteca Apostrof, 2007; * ''Cartea cu bunici'', București: Editura Humanitas, 2007; * ''Ion Ianoși 80'', București: Editura Ideea Europeană, 2008; * ''Antologia prozei scurte transilvane'', Cluj-Napoca: Editura Limes, 2010; * ''Ion Pop 70'', Piteşti: Editura Paralela 45, 2011; * ''Ion Pop – șapte decenii de melancolie și literatură'', Cluj-Napoca: Editura Limes, 2011; * ''Marea scriitorilor. De la Olimp la zidul Puterii'', București: Editura Cartea Românească, 2012.


Collective volumes published abroad

* ''Poetes roumains contemporains'', anthology and preface, Quebec, 2000; Marseille, 2000; * ''Auteurs européens du premier XXe siècle'', vol. 1–2, Bruxelles, 2002; * ''Il romanzo rumeno contemporaneo 1989–2010. Teorie e proposte di lettura'', a cura di Nicoleta Nesu, edizione italiana di Angela Tarantino, premessa di Luisa Valmarin, Roma, 2010.


Translations

*
Henry James Henry James ( – ) was an American-British author. He is regarded as a key transitional figure between literary realism and literary modernism, and is considered by many to be among the greatest novelists in the English language. He was the ...
, ''Povestiri cu fantome'', Cluj-Napoca: Editura Echinox, 1991; * Anatoli Râbakov, ''Copiii din Arbat'', Cluj-Napoca: Editura Echinox, 1991; *
Marcel Moreau Marcel Moreau (16 April 1933 − 4 April 2020) was a Belgian writer. He was born in Boussu, a town in the mining region of Borinage in Hainaut Province, into a working-class environment. He described it as "a pure cultural void" with "a total absen ...
, ''Discurs contra piedicilor'', București: Editura Libra, 1993; * Marcel Moreau, ''Farmecul și groaza'', București: Editura Libra, 1994; * Virgil Tănase, ''România mea'', București: Editura Didactică şi Pedagogică, 1996; * ''Poeți din Quebec'', antologie, București: Editura Didactică şi Pedagogică, 1997; * Sylvain Rivière, ''Locuri anume'', București: Editura Libra, 1997; * Marcel Moreau, ''Artele viscerale'', București: Editura Libra, 1997; * Marcel Moreau, ''Celebrarea femeii'', București: Editura Libra, 1998; * Jacques de Decker, ''Roata cea mare'', București: Editura Libra, 1998; * Jean-Luc Outers, ''Locul mortului'', București: Editura Libra, 1998; * Michel Haar, ''Cântul pământului. Heidegger și temeiurile istoriei ființei'', Cluj-Napoca: Biblioteca Apostrof, 1998; *
G. K. Chesterton Gilbert Keith Chesterton (29 May 1874 – 14 June 1936) was an English writer, philosopher, Christian apologist, and literary and art critic. He has been referred to as the "prince of paradox". Of his writing style, ''Time'' observed: "Wh ...
, ''Orthodoxia sau dreapta credință'', Piteşti: Editura Paralela 45, 1999 (second edititon, 2002); * ''Poeme. Cinci poeți portughezi'' (în colab.), București: Editura Didactică şi Pedagogică, 1999; *
Philip Roth Philip Milton Roth (March 19, 1933 – May 22, 2018) was an American novelist and short story writer. Roth's fiction—often set in his birthplace of Newark, New Jersey—is known for its intensely autobiographical character, for philosophicall ...
, ''Animal pe moarte'', Iaşi: Editura Polirom, 2006; 2011; * Jean-Luc Outers, ''Compania apelor'', București: Editura Libra, 2002; *
Michel Lambert Michel Lambert (1610 – 29 June 1696) was a French singing master, theorbist and composer. Career Lambert was born at Champigny-sur-Veude, France. He received his musical education as an altar boy at the Chapel of Gaston d'Orléans, a brother of k ...
, ''A treia treaptă'', Cluj-Napoca: Casa Cărţii de Ştiinţă, 2003; * Marcel Moreau, ''Extaz pentru o domniță româncă'', București: Editura Libra, 2004; * Ştefan J. Fay / Marcel Moreau, ''Epistolar'', Cluj-Napoca: Casa Cărţii de Ştiinţă, 2005; * Phillipe Jones, ''Proze'', Cluj-Napoca: Casa Cărţii de Ştiinţă, 2005.


References

*
Ion Bogdan Lefter, in ''Observator cultural'', no. 164, 2003
* ''Dicţionarul general al literaturii române'' (''The General Dictionary of Romanian Literature''), P-R, București: Univers Enciclopedic Publishing House, 2006. * Aurel Sasu, ''Dicţionarul biografic al literaturii române'' (''The Biographic Dictionary of Romanian Literature''), M-Z, Piteşti: Paralela 45 Publishing House, 2006. *
Alex Ştefănescu, in ''România literară'', no. 20, 2007
*
Ion Simuţ, in ''România literară'', no. 46, 2007
*
Alex Ştefănescu, in ''România literară'', nr. 33, 2008
*
Ştefan Borbély, in ''Apostrof'', no. 2, 2009
*
Simona Vasilache, in ''România literară'', no. 20, 2009
*
Ştefan Borbély, in ''Apostrof'', no. 4, 2011
*
Constantin Coroiu, in ''Cultura'', no. 312, 313, 314, 2011
.


Affiliations

* Member of the
Writers' Union of Romania The Writers' Union of Romania (), founded in March 1949, is a professional association of writers in Romania. It also has a subsidiary in Chișinău, Republic of Moldova. The Writers' Union of Romania was created by the communist regime by taking ...


External links


Personal Website

The Writers' Union of Romania, Cluj
{{DEFAULTSORT:Petras, Irina Romanian writers Romanian women writers Romanian literary critics Romanian women literary critics Babeș-Bolyai University alumni People from Sibiu County 1947 births Living people