Iraqi Maqam ( ar, المقام العراقي) is a
genre of
Arabic maqam music found in
Iraq. The roots of modern
Iraqi maqam can be traced as far back as the Abbasid Caliphate, when that large empire was controlled from Baghdad. The ensemble of instruments used in this genre, called ''Al Chalghi al Baghdadi'', includes a ''qari' '' (singer), ''
santur
The santur (also ''santūr'', ''santour'', ''santoor'') ( fa, سنتور), is a hammered dulcimer of Iranian origins.--- Rashid, Subhi Anwar (1989). ''Al-ʼĀlāt al-musīqīyya al-muṣāhiba lil-Maqām al-ʻIrāqī''. Baghdad: Matbaʻat al-ʻU ...
'',
goblet drum, joza, ''cello,'' and sometimes ''
oud'' and
naqqarat
The ''naqareh'', ''naqqāra'', ''nagara'' or ''nagada'' is a Middle Eastern drum with a rounded back and a hide head, usually played in pairs. It is thus a membranophone of the kettle drum variety.
The term ''naqqāra'' (), also ''naqqarat'', ...
. The focus is on the poem sung in classical Arabic or an Iraqi dialect (then called ''zuhayri''). A complete maqam concert is known as ''fasl'' (plural ''fusul'') and is named after the first maqam:
Bayat, Hijaz,
Rast, Nawa, or Husayni.
A typical performance includes the following sections:
*''tahrir'', sometimes ''badwah''
*''taslum''
*''finalis''
Maqama texts are often derived from classical
Arabic poetry
Arabic poetry ( ar, الشعر العربي ''ash-shi‘ru al-‘Arabīyyu'') is the earliest form of Arabic literature. Present knowledge of poetry in Arabic dates from the 6th century, but oral poetry is believed to predate that.
Arabic poetry ...
, such as by
al-Mutanabbi,
Jawahiri,
al-Mutanabbi and
Abu Nuwas. Some performers used traditional sources translated into the dialect of Baghdad, and still others use Arabic, Turkish, Armenian, Hebrew, Turkmen, Aramaic or Persian language lyrics. Due to Iraq's to diversity, different ethnic groups use this genre in their own language.
Famous maqam singers
There are many maqam iraqi singers including:
* Ahmed Zaydan
* Rashid Qundarchi
* Mohammad Qubbanchi
* Hussein al-A'dhami
* Najm al-Shaykhli
* Hassan Khaiwka
* Hashim al-Rejab
* Yusuf Omar
*
Farida Mohammad Ali
Farida Mohammad Ali (Arabic, فريدة محمد علي) (born 1963 in Kerbala, Iraq) is an Iraqi singer. She performs regularly in the Iraqi Maqam Ensemble. The ensemble was established in 1989 in Baghdad by Mohammad H.Gomar to continue of the 19 ...
* Abdulrahman Khidhr
*
Hamed al-Sa‘di
Hamid al-Saadi (born 1958) is the foremost singer of Iraqi ''Maqam'' – a form of Arab poetry, sung in a traditional way. He has mastered all 56 pieces in the repertoire of Baghdad and now performs them in America, having moved to New York
New ...
*
Nazem Al-Ghazali
*
Filfel Gourgy
*
Affifa Iskandar
* Mulla Hasan al-Babujachi
* Rahmat Allah Shiltagh
* Khalil Rabbaz
* Rahmain Niftar
* Rubin Rajwan
* Mulla Uthman al-Mawsili
* Jamil al-Baghdadi
* Salman Moshe
* Yusuf Huresh
* Abbas Kambir
* Farida al-A‘dhami
See also
*
Music of Iraq
External links
Famous Iraqi Maqam SingersIraqi Maqam
References
{{UNESCO Oral and Intangible music
Iraqi music
Arabic music
Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity
Maqam-based music tradition