Iodine pentafluoride is an

interhalogen compound In chemistry, an interhalogen compound is a molecule which contains two or more different halogen atoms ( fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, or astatine) and no atoms of elements from any other group. Most interhalogen compounds known are b ...

with chemical formula IF₅. It is one of the

fluoride Fluoride (). According to this source, is a possible pronunciation in British English. is an inorganic, monatomic anion of fluorine, with the chemical formula (also written ), whose salts are typically white or colorless. Fluoride salts typ ...

s of

iodine Iodine is a chemical element with the symbol I and atomic number 53. The heaviest of the stable halogens, it exists as a semi-lustrous, non-metallic solid at standard conditions that melts to form a deep violet liquid at , and boils to a vi ...

. It is a colorless liquid, although impure samples appear yellow. It is used as a

fluorination In chemistry, halogenation is a chemical reaction that entails the introduction of one or more halogens into a compound. Halide-containing compounds are pervasive, making this type of transformation important, e.g. in the production of polymers, ...

reagent and even a solvent in specialized syntheses.

Preparation

It was first synthesized by

Henri Moissan Ferdinand Frédéric Henri Moissan (28 September 1852 – 20 February 1907) was a French chemist and pharmacist who won the 1906 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work in isolating fluorine from its compounds. Moissan was one of the original mem ...

in 1891 by burning solid

fluorine Fluorine is a chemical element with the symbol F and atomic number 9. It is the lightest halogen and exists at standard conditions as a highly toxic, pale yellow diatomic gas. As the most electronegative reactive element, it is extremely reacti ...

gas. This

exothermic In thermodynamics, an exothermic process () is a thermodynamic process or reaction that releases energy from the system to its surroundings, usually in the form of heat, but also in a form of light (e.g. a spark, flame, or flash), electricity (e ...

reaction Reaction may refer to a process or to a response to an action, event, or exposure: Physics and chemistry *Chemical reaction *Nuclear reaction *Reaction (physics), as defined by Newton's third law *Chain reaction (disambiguation). Biology and me ...

is still used to produce iodine pentafluoride, although the reaction conditions have been improved. :I₂ + 5 F₂ → 2 IF₅

Reactions

IF₅ reacts vigorously with water forming

hydrofluoric acid Hydrofluoric acid is a Solution (chemistry), solution of hydrogen fluoride (HF) in water. Solutions of HF are colourless, acidic and highly Corrosive substance, corrosive. It is used to make most fluorine-containing compounds; examples include th ...

and

iodic acid Iodic acid is a white water-soluble solid with the chemical formula . Its robustness contrasts with the instability of chloric acid and bromic acid. Iodic acid features iodine in the oxidation state +5 and is one of the most stable oxo-acids of ...

: :IF₅ + 3 H₂O → HIO₃ + 5 HF Upon treatment with fluorine, it converts to

iodine heptafluoride Iodine heptafluoride, also known as iodine(VII) fluoride or iodine fluoride, is an interhalogen compound with the chemical formula I F7. It has an unusual pentagonal bipyramidal structure, as predicted by VSEPR theory. The molecule can undergo ...

: :IF₅ + F₂ → IF₇ It has been used as a

solvent A solvent (s) (from the Latin '' solvō'', "loosen, untie, solve") is a substance that dissolves a solute, resulting in a solution. A solvent is usually a liquid but can also be a solid, a gas, or a supercritical fluid. Water is a solvent for ...

for handling metal fluorides. For example, the reduction of

osmium hexafluoride Osmium hexafluoride, also osmium(VI) fluoride, (OsF6) is a compound of osmium and fluorine, and one of the seventeen known binary hexafluorides. Synthesis Osmium hexafluoride is made by a direct reaction of osmium metal exposed to an excess o ...

osmium pentafluoride Osmium pentafluoride is an inorganic compound with the formula OsF5. It is a blue-green solid. Like the pentafluorides of Ru, Rh, and Ir, OsF5 exists as a tetramer in the solid state. Preparation Osmium pentafluoride can be prepared by redu ...

with

is conducted in a solution in iodine pentafluoride: :10 OsF₆ + I₂ → 10 OsF₅ + 2 IF₅

Primary amines In chemistry, amines (, ) are compounds and functional groups that contain a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair. Amines are formally derivatives of ammonia (), wherein one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by a substituent s ...

react with iodine pentafluoride forming

nitriles In organic chemistry, a nitrile is any organic compound that has a functional group. The prefix '' cyano-'' is used interchangeably with the term ''nitrile'' in industrial literature. Nitriles are found in many useful compounds, including met ...

after

hydrolysis Hydrolysis (; ) is any chemical reaction in which a molecule of water breaks one or more chemical bonds. The term is used broadly for substitution reaction, substitution, elimination reaction, elimination, and solvation reactions in which water ...

References

External links

WebBook page for IF5
* ttp://www.webelements.com/webelements/compounds/text/I/F5I1-7783666.html web elements listing {{fluorine compounds Fluorides Iodine compounds Interhalogen compounds Fluorinating agents Oxidizing agents Inorganic solvents

Preparation

Reactions

References

Further reading

External links