''Ingerophrynus'' is a genus of true toads with 12 species. The genus is found in southern Yunnan and Southeast Asia; from

Myanmar Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John C. Wells, Joh ...

and Indochina to peninsular Thailand and

Malaya Malaya refers to a number of historical and current political entities related to what is currently Peninsular Malaysia in Southeast Asia: Political entities * British Malaya (1826–1957), a loose collection of the British colony of the Straits ...

Sumatra Sumatra is one of the Sunda Islands of western Indonesia. It is the largest island that is fully within Indonesian territory, as well as the sixth-largest island in the world at 473,481 km2 (182,812 mi.2), not including adjacent i ...

, Borneo, Java, Nias Island,

Sulawesi Sulawesi (), also known as Celebes (), is an island in Indonesia. One of the four Greater Sunda Islands, and the world's eleventh-largest island, it is situated east of Borneo, west of the Maluku Islands, and south of Mindanao and the Sulu Ar ...

, and the Philippines. This genus was established after a major taxonomical revision of frogs in 2006.

Taxonomy and systematics

Ten of the species in this genus were formerly considered species of the genus '' Bufo'', most of them in what had been known as the '' Bufo biporcatus'' group; the remaining ones were assigned to this genus based on molecular data. In 2007 a new species, ''

Ingerophrynus gollum ''Ingerophrynus gollum'' (Gollum's toad) is a toad species in the family Bufonidae, the true toads. It is endemic to the Peninsular Malaysia and has only been recorded from its type locality in the Endau-Rompin National Park, Johor. However, '' ...

'', was added to this genus. The sister taxon of ''Ingerophrynus'' is ''

Sabahphrynus ''Sabahphrynus'' is a monotypic genus of amphibians in the family Bufonidae. The sole species is ''Sabahphrynus maculatus'', also known as the spotted Asian tree toad or Sabah earless toad. It is endemic to Borneo where it is only known from Saba ...

''.

Etymology

The generic name ''Ingerophrynus'' honors

Robert F. Inger Robert Frederick Inger (September 10, 1920 – April 12, 2019) was an American herpetologist. During his lifetime, he wrote numerous books and publications about herpetology. He was also the curator for amphibians and reptiles at the Field Mus ...

, an American zoologist from the

Field Museum of Natural History The Field Museum of Natural History (FMNH), also known as The Field Museum, is a natural history museum in Chicago, Illinois, and is one of the largest such museums in the world. The museum is popular for the size and quality of its educational ...

Description

The diagnostic characters of the ''Bufo biporcatus'' group are the presence of , , and supra tympanic crests, lack of a tarsal ridge, presence of vocal sacs but absence of melanophores in the surrounding muscle tissue, lack of tibial glands, lack supinator manus humeralis and adductor longus muscles, presence of paired crests on the vertebral column, rugose skull, squamosal bones with broad dorsal plates, and smooth

palatine bone In anatomy, the palatine bones () are two irregular bones of the facial skeleton in many animal species, located above the uvula in the throat. Together with the maxillae, they comprise the hard palate. (''Palate'' is derived from the Latin ''pa ...

Species

There are 12 species:

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q2303810 Bufonidae Amphibian genera Amphibians of Asia Taxa named by Jonathan A. Campbell Taxa named by Darrel Frost Taxa named by Taran Grant Taxa named by John Douglas Lynch Taxa named by Ronald Archie Nussbaum Taxa named by Christopher John Raxworthy