''Infundibulicybe gibba'' (also known as ''Clitocybe gibba'') is a species of
gilled mushroom which is common in European woods. In English it is sometimes known as the common funnel.
[
]
Naming
This species was originally described by the mycologist Christiaan Hendrik Persoon
Christiaan Hendrik Persoon (1 February 1761 – 16 November 1836) was a German mycologist who made additions to Linnaeus' mushroom taxonomy.
Early life
Persoon was born in South Africa at the Cape of Good Hope, the third child of an immig ...
in 1801 as ''Agaricus gibbus'', at a time when gilled mushrooms were generally all assigned to genus ''Agaricus''.[ Then in 1871 in his guide to mycology ("Der Führer in die Pilzkunde"), ]Paul Kummer
Paul Kummer (22 August 1834 – 6 December 1912) was a minister, teacher, and scientist in Zerbst, Germany, known chiefly for his contribution to mycological nomenclature. Earlier classification of agarics by pioneering fungal taxonomist Elias Ma ...
allocated the species to the genus ''Clitocybe
''Clitocybe'' is a genus of mushrooms characterized by white, off-white, buff, cream, pink, or light-yellow spores, gills running down the stem, and pale white to brown or lilac coloration. They are primarily saprotrophic, decomposing forest grou ...
'', which previously (according to the system of Fries
French fries (North American English), chips (British English), finger chips (Indian English), french-fried potatoes, or simply fries, are '' batonnet'' or ''allumette''-cut deep-fried potatoes of disputed origin from Belgium and France. The ...
) had only been a tribe
The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English language, English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in p ...
within genus ''Agaricus''.[
In 2003 Harri Harmaja created the new genus '']Infundibulicybe
''Infundibulicybe'' is a genus of fungi that is robustly placed incertae sedis as sister group to the Tricholomatoid clade. It has previously been part of the family of Tricholomataceae, but recent molecular phylogeny has shown it to take an isol ...
'' for some of the larger members of the former ''Clitocybe'' and he included ''Infundibulicybe gibba'' as the type species.[
The older name ''Clitocybe infundibuliformis'' is often identified as a synonym of ''I. gibba'',][ but according to ]Species Fungorum
''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names (scientific names) in the fungus kingdom. the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one of three partners along with Landcare Research and the Institute of Mi ...
that use was incorrect and the original ''C. infundibuliformis'' was a different mushroom.[
The epithet ''gibba'' comes from the Latin adjective "gibbus", meaning "humped" or "]gibbous
Concerning the lunar month of ~29.53 days as viewed from Earth, the lunar phase or Moon phase is the shape of the Moon's directly sunlit portion, which can be expressed quantitatively using areas or angles, or described qualitatively using the t ...
".[ The name ''infundibuliformis'' derives from the Latin "infundibulum", a funnel, with the suffix "-formis" - so it means "funnel-shaped".][
]
Description
This section uses the given references throughout.[
*The matt slightly felted cap grows from about 3 cm to 9 cm, and is beige to tan, also sometimes with a pink tinge.]decurrent
''Decurrent'' (sometimes decurring) is a term used in botany and mycology to describe plant or fungal parts that extend downward.
In botany, the term is most often applied to leaf blades that partly wrap or have wings around the stem or petio ...
(running down the stem).[
*The tear-shaped spores are white]
Distribution, habitat, ecology and human impact
This gregarious saprobic
Saprotrophic nutrition or lysotrophic nutrition is a process of chemoheterotrophic extracellular digestion involved in the processing of decayed (dead or waste) organic matter. It occurs in saprotrophs, and is most often associated with fungi (f ...
mushroom grows on soil in deciduous or (less commonly) coniferous woods and may be found from summer to autumn. It sometimes forms fairy rings
A fairy ring, also known as fairy circle, elf circle, elf ring or pixie ring, is a naturally occurring ring or arc of mushrooms. They are found mainly in forested areas, but also appear in grasslands or rangelands. Fairy rings are detectable by ...
.
It is very common throughout Europe, and occurs in North America and Japan.[
It is edible when young, but said to be of mediocre quality. It can be fried or used in risottos or soups etc. The stems are tough and may be discarded.][ The species resembles some which are poisonous.]extract
An extract is a substance made by extracting a part of a raw material, often by using a solvent such as ethanol, oil or water. Extracts may be sold as tinctures, absolutes or in powder form.
The aromatic principles of many spices, nuts, h ...
of I. gibba exhibits inhibitory activity on thrombin
Thrombin (, ''fibrinogenase'', ''thrombase'', ''thrombofort'', ''topical'', ''thrombin-C'', ''tropostasin'', ''activated blood-coagulation factor II'', ''blood-coagulation factor IIa'', ''factor IIa'', ''E thrombin'', ''beta-thrombin'', ''gamma- ...
.
Similar species
The species resembles ''Infundibulicybe squamulosa'' and ''Pseudoclitocybe cyathiformis
''Pseudoclitocybe cyathiformis'', commonly known as the goblet funnel cap, is a species of fungus in the family Pseudoclitocybaceae, and the type species
In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with ...
''.
References
{{Taxonbar, from=Q765631, from2=Q46795429
Tricholomataceae
Edible fungi
Fungi described in 1801
Fungi of Europe
Taxa named by Christiaan Hendrik Persoon