The Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR) is an autonomous organization acting as a nodal agency for basic, strategic, anticipatory and applied research on various aspects of

horticulture Horticulture is the branch of agriculture that deals with the art, science, technology, and business of plant cultivation. It includes the cultivation of fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, herbs, sprouts, mushrooms, algae, flowers, seaweeds and no ...

such as fruits, vegetable, ornamental, medicinal and aromatic plants and mushrooms in India.Indian Institute of Horticultural Research – Ivarakandapura
/ref> The institute has its headquarters in

Bengaluru Bangalore (), officially Bengaluru (), is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Karnataka. It has a population of more than and a metropolitan population of around , making it the third most populous city and fifth most ...

Karnataka Karnataka (; ISO: , , also known as Karunāḍu) is a state in the southwestern region of India. It was formed on 1 November 1956, with the passage of the States Reorganisation Act. Originally known as Mysore State , it was renamed ''Karnat ...

, India and is a subsidiary of

Indian Council of Agricultural Research The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) is an autonomous body responsible for co-ordinating agricultural education and research in India. It reports to the Department of Agricultural Research and Education, Ministry of Agriculture. Th ...

(ICAR),

New Delhi New Delhi (, , ''Naī Dillī'') is the capital of India and a part of the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT). New Delhi is the seat of all three branches of the government of India, hosting the Rashtrapati Bhavan, Parliament House ...

, under the Ministry of Agriculture, India. It recently has been ranked 1st for the combined years 2019-20 and 2020-21 by the ICAR.

History

The IIHR, the first horticultural research institute in the country under the

(ICAR), was established on 5 September 1967 at New Delhi. Later, the base of IIHR was moved to Hesaraghatta located from

Bangalore Bangalore (), officially Bengaluru (), is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Karnataka. It has a population of more than and a metropolitan population of around , making it the third most populous city and fifth most ...

, on 1 February 1968, by merging the institute with National Horatorium of Govt. of Karnataka which was the premises of the Fruit Research Station, Hesaraghatta established in 1938 by HC Javaraya. The institute is spread over a land area of 263 hectares. Dr. Gurubachan Singh Randhawa was the first founding director of the institute from 1967 to 1980.

Mandate

The institute is mandated to : # Undertake basic and applied research for developing strategies to enhance productivity and utilization of tropical and sub-tropical horticulture crops viz., fruits, vegetables, ornamentals, medicinal and aromatic plants and mushrooms. # Serve as a repository of scientific information relevant to horticulture. # Act as a centre for training for up gradation of scientific manpower in modern technologies for horticulture production. # Collaborate with national and international agencies in achieving the above objectives.

Service profile - Agriculture Technology Information Center

The institute offers various services, consolidated under the umbrella of the Agriculture Technology Information Center (ATIC). Farmers’ Advisory services : The service envisages identification of farmers' problems, analysis and advising suitable corrective measures. Diagnostics : Diagnosis of diseases of various horticultural crops and advice on their control and management. Supply of Video Films : Distribution of video films to the farmers and organizations for updating knowledge on modern technologies. Supply of Publications : The institute has published many illustrated leaflets and bulletins for dissemination of crop information to the farmers. The publications are made in English,

Hindi Hindi (Devanāgarī: or , ), or more precisely Modern Standard Hindi (Devanagari: ), is an Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in the Hindi Belt region encompassing parts of northern, central, eastern, and western India. Hindi has been de ...

Kannada Kannada (; ಕನ್ನಡ, ), originally romanised Canarese, is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by the people of Karnataka in southwestern India, with minorities in all neighbouring states. It has around 47 million native s ...

Tamil Tamil may refer to: * Tamils, an ethnic group native to India and some other parts of Asia **Sri Lankan Tamils, Tamil people native to Sri Lanka also called ilankai tamils **Tamil Malaysians, Tamil people native to Malaysia * Tamil language, nativ ...

Malayalam Malayalam (; , ) is a Dravidian language spoken in the Indian state of Kerala and the union territories of Lakshadweep and Puducherry (Mahé district) by the Malayali people. It is one of 22 scheduled languages of India. Malayalam was des ...

and

Telugu Telugu may refer to: * Telugu language, a major Dravidian language of India *Telugu people, an ethno-linguistic group of India * Telugu script, used to write the Telugu language ** Telugu (Unicode block), a block of Telugu characters in Unicode S ...

. Supply of Computer

floppies A floppy disk or floppy diskette (casually referred to as a floppy, or a diskette) is an obsolescent type of disk storage composed of a thin and flexible disk of a magnetic storage medium in a square or nearly square plastic enclosure lined w ...

and print outs : The institute has also made information available on floppy disks and as print-outs. Plants-display

Supply of seeds: Supply of seeds in packets are also undertaken by the institute.

Divisions

Fruit Crops

Image:Mangues.JPG, File:Abhar-iran.JPG, File:Pineapple and cross section.jpg, File:Guava bangalore.jpg, File:Papaya.jpg, File:Pomegranate fruit.jpg, File:Ziziphus mauritiana (fruits sale).jpg, File:Sugar apple with cross section.jpg, File:Ambersweet oranges.jpg, The division deals with improvement of production technology of

mango A mango is an edible stone fruit produced by the tropical tree ''Mangifera indica''. It is believed to have originated in the region between northwestern Myanmar, Bangladesh, and northeastern India. ''M. indica'' has been cultivated in South a ...

grapes A grape is a fruit, botanically a berry, of the deciduous woody vines of the flowering plant genus ''Vitis''. Grapes are a non- climacteric type of fruit, generally occurring in clusters. The cultivation of grapes began perhaps 8,000 years ago ...

pineapple The pineapple (''Ananas comosus'') is a tropical plant with an edible fruit; it is the most economically significant plant in the family Bromeliaceae. The pineapple is indigenous to South America, where it has been cultivated for many centuri ...

guava Guava () is a common tropical fruit cultivated in many tropical and subtropical regions. The common guava ''Psidium guajava'' (lemon guava, apple guava) is a small tree in the myrtle family ( Myrtaceae), native to Mexico, Central America, the ...

papaya The papaya (, ), papaw, () or pawpaw () is the plant species ''Carica papaya'', one of the 21 accepted species in the genus ''Carica'' of the family Caricaceae. It was first domesticated in Mesoamerica, within modern-day southern Mexico and ...

pomegranate The pomegranate (''Punica granatum'') is a fruit-bearing deciduous shrub in the family Lythraceae, subfamily Punicoideae, that grows between tall. The pomegranate was originally described throughout the Mediterranean Basin, Mediterranean re ...

ber ''Ziziphus mauritiana'', also known as Indian jujube, Indian plum, Chinese date, Chinese apple, ber, and dunks is a tropical fruit tree species belonging to the family Rhamnaceae. It is often confused with the closely related jujube, Chinese j ...

annona ''Annona'' (from Taíno ''annon'') is a genus of flowering plants in the pawpaw/sugar apple family, Annonaceae. It is the second largest genus in the family after ''Guatteria'', containing approximately 166

and

citrus ''Citrus'' is a genus of flowering plant, flowering trees and shrubs in the rue family, Rutaceae. Plants in the genus produce citrus fruits, including important crops such as Orange (fruit), oranges, Lemon, lemons, grapefruits, pomelos, and lim ...

. Mandate * Carry out basic and strategic research, for enhancing productivity, quality and utility of fruit crops in tropical agro-climatic zones of India. * Act as Repository of fruit genetic resources and their management. * Transfer of technologies and study their impact. * Conduct teaching and training programs for development of human resources. * Use ICT in scientific information and knowledge.

Vegetable Crops

The vegetable Crops division carries out research, developing high yielding

vegetable Vegetables are parts of plants that are consumed by humans or other animals as food. The original meaning is still commonly used and is applied to plants collectively to refer to all edible plant matter, including the flowers, fruits, stems, ...

varieties / hybrids through crop improvement programmes with an emphasis on minimizing the cost. The division has five breeding laboratories and a production technology laboratory. Mandate * Breeding for high yield, resistance to biotic and

abiotic In biology and ecology, abiotic components or abiotic factors are non-living chemical and physical parts of the environment that affect living organisms and the functioning of ecosystems. Abiotic factors and the phenomena associated with them under ...

stresses in vegetable crops * Breeding for improved quality attributes like

extended shelf life Shelf-stable food (sometimes ambient food) is food of a type that can be safely stored at room temperature in a sealed container. This includes foods that would normally be stored refrigerated but which have been processed so that they can be s ...

, processing and nutritional qualities * Developing improved production technology, including organic farming in vegetable crops and off season vegetable production in open field and in poly house / protected cultivation.

Flower and Medicinal Crops

The focus of the division is on development of new varieties of ornamental crops with a view to enhance export earning. The division also addresses issues like ''Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers Rights''. Mandate * Carrying out basic and strategic research, for enhancing productivity and quality of ornamental crops * To act as a repository of genetic resources in ornamental crops * To undertake front line demonstration in new technologies evolved and to impart training for upgrading scientific knowledge of technical personnel involved in

floriculture Floriculture, or flower farming, is a branch of horticulture concerned with the cultivation of flowering and ornamental plants for gardens and for floristry, comprising the floral industry. The development of new varieties by plant breeding is ...

enterprises

Crop Protection

Phyllody on Coneflower with aster yellows

The

Plant Pathology Plant pathology (also phytopathology) is the scientific study of diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungus, fung ...

division attends to basic and applied research for the management of diseases by microorganisms. Fully equipped laboratories are set up to combat the

fungal A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from th ...

bacterial Bacteria (; singular: bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria were among ...

, viral,

viroid Viroids are small single-stranded, circular RNAs that are infectious pathogens. Unlike viruses, they have no protein coating. All known viroids are inhabitants of angiosperms (flowering plants), and most cause diseases, whose respective economi ...

and

phytoplasma Phytoplasmas are obligate intracellular parasites of plant phloem tissue and of the insect vectors that are involved in their plant-to-plant transmission. Phytoplasmas were discovered in 1967 by Japanese scientists who termed them mycoplasma-lik ...

diseases of fruit crops, vegetable crops, ornamental and medicinal crops. The division also imparts training to agricultural extension officers and farmers. Mandate * Division of Plant Pathology will continue to maintain the vigil to meet emerging challenges due to rapid crop diversification, increased farming, increased

germplasm Germplasm are living genetic resources such as seeds or tissues that are maintained for the purpose of animal and plant breeding, preservation, and other research uses. These resources may take the form of seed collections stored in seed banks, tr ...

movement and climate change, which are bringing changes to host-pathogen dynamics leading to emergence and reemergence of plant pathogens in horticultural Crops. * Development of

Diagnostics Diagnosis is the identification of the nature and cause of a certain phenomenon. Diagnosis is used in many different disciplines, with variations in the use of logic, analytics, and experience, to determine "cause and effect". In systems engineer ...

and to offer diagnostic services to SAUs, Farmers and Private seed and

Tissue culture Tissue culture is the growth of tissues or cells in an artificial medium separate from the parent organism. This technique is also called micropropagation. This is typically facilitated via use of a liquid, semi-solid, or solid growth medium, su ...

industries. Also to severe as a center for quarantine issues and phytosanitary certification. * Continue to provide solutions and research leads to the plant disease problems in horticultural crops, understand disease

epidemiology Epidemiology is the study and analysis of the distribution (who, when, and where), patterns and determinants of health and disease conditions in a defined population. It is a cornerstone of public health, and shapes policy decisions and evidenc ...

and develop durable disease management strategies. * Develop rapid screening methods for identification of resistance sources and to use in breeding for disease resistance. * Continue our collaboration with international and national institutions for data on the distribution of plant diseases and the emergence of new diseases, essential to develop and/or modify existing methods of diagnosis for effective disease management strategies. * To provide training and services to farmers, extension agents, researchers in NARS and students to strengthen the human resource development specially for disease management in horticultural crops. * Agro/ lignocellulosic waste management through the production of edible and medicinal mushrooms. * Utilization of mushrooms for malnutrition management through the production of mushroom

nutraceutical A nutraceutical or bioceutical is a pharmaceutical alternative which claims physiological benefits. In the US, "nutraceuticals" are largely unregulated, as they exist in the same category as dietary supplements and food additives by the FDA, unde ...

s. * Enhancing input efficiency of energy, water and manpower in

mushroom A mushroom or toadstool is the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground, on soil, or on its food source. ''Toadstool'' generally denotes one poisonous to humans. The standard for the name "mushroom" is t ...

production processes through mechanization. * Documentation and conservation of the indigenous macrofungi wealth of the country * Making mushroom production enterprise zero waste enterprise through the utilization of mushroom cultivation process wastes for various beneficial purposes * To provide support through training and quality spawn to entrepreneurs, institutions,

NGOs A non-governmental organization (NGO) or non-governmental organisation (see spelling differences) is an organization that generally is formed independent from government. They are typically nonprofit entities, and many of them are active in h ...

, State departments and KVKs. * To carry out basic and strategic research for the management of pests of Horticultural crops (vegetables, fruits, ornamental, medicinal and aromatic crops). * To Develop Integrated Pest Management packages and Integrated

Nematode The nematodes ( or grc-gre, Νηματώδη; la, Nematoda) or roundworms constitute the phylum Nematoda (also called Nemathelminthes), with plant-Parasitism, parasitic nematodes also known as eelworms. They are a diverse animal phylum inhab ...

Management packages by emphasizing ecofriendly pest management. * To conduct teaching and training programs for development of human resources in

pest management Pest control is the regulation or management of a species defined as a pest; any animal, plant or fungus that impacts adversely on human activities or environment. The human response depends on the importance of the damage done and will range ...

. * To develop innovative products and commercialize the same through ITMU and public and private partnership (PPP). TRES18481

Basic Sciences

The Division of

Plant Physiology Plant physiology is a subdiscipline of botany concerned with the functioning, or physiology, of plants. Closely related fields include plant morphology (structure of plants), plant ecology (interactions with the environment), phytochemistry (bi ...

and

Biochemistry Biochemistry or biological chemistry is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. A sub-discipline of both chemistry and biology, biochemistry may be divided into three fields: structural biology, enzymology and ...

is the arm of IIHR that deal with

tissue culture Tissue culture is the growth of tissues or cells in an artificial medium separate from the parent organism. This technique is also called micropropagation. This is typically facilitated via use of a liquid, semi-solid, or solid growth medium, su ...

molecular biology Molecular biology is the branch of biology that seeks to understand the molecular basis of biological activity in and between cells, including biomolecular synthesis, modification, mechanisms, and interactions. The study of chemical and physi ...

, pesticide residue and food

microbiology Microbiology () is the scientific study of microorganisms, those being unicellular (single cell), multicellular (cell colony), or acellular (lacking cells). Microbiology encompasses numerous sub-disciplines including virology, bacteriology, prot ...

. Mandate * To undertake basic and applied research on physiological and biochemical aspects of horticultural crops with particular reference to physiology of growth, development, yield and quality. * To assess the impact of climate change on crop productivity and quality.

Natural Resources

The division studies the nutrient requirement of horticultural crops and to develop suitable agro techniques for vegetable crops. It houses many laboratories viz.,

Soil Chemistry Soil chemistry is the study of the chemical characteristics of soil. Soil chemistry is affected by mineral composition, organic matter and environmental factors. In the early 1850s a consulting chemist to the Royal Agricultural Society in England, ...

Soil Salinity Soil salinity is the salt content in the soil; the process of increasing the salt content is known as salinization. Salts occur naturally within soils and water. Salination can be caused by natural processes such as mineral weathering or by the ...

Micronutrient Micronutrients are nutrient, essential dietary elements required by organisms in varying quantities throughout life to orchestrate a range of physiological functions to maintain health. Micronutrient requirements differ between organisms; for exam ...

, Leaf Analysis,

Isotope Isotopes are two or more types of atoms that have the same atomic number (number of protons in their nuclei) and position in the periodic table (and hence belong to the same chemical element), and that differ in nucleon numbers (mass numbers) ...

, Water Management,

Soil Microbiology Soil microbiology is the study of microorganisms in soil, their functions, and how they affect soil properties. It is believed that between two and four billion years ago, the first ancient bacteria and microorganisms came about on Earth's oceans. ...

Microbiology Microbiology () is the scientific study of microorganisms, those being unicellular (single cell), multicellular (cell colony), or acellular (lacking cells). Microbiology encompasses numerous sub-disciplines including virology, bacteriology, prot ...

and Pesticide Residue Laboratories. Mandate * Carry out research on the

nutrient A nutrient is a substance used by an organism to survive, grow, and reproduce. The requirement for dietary nutrient intake applies to animals, plants, fungi, and protists. Nutrients can be incorporated into cells for metabolic purposes or excret ...

requirement and management of different horticultural crops and to develop suitable INM packages for enhancing productivity. * Carry out the basic and strategic research to sustain

soil health Soil health is a state of a soil meeting its range of ecosystem functions as appropriate to its environment. In more colloquial terms, the health of soil arises from favorable interactions of all soil components (living and non-living) that belong ...

in horticultural

ecosystems An ecosystem (or ecological system) consists of all the organisms and the physical environment with which they interact. These biotic and abiotic components are linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows. Energy enters the syste ...

. * Development of leaf nutrient diagnostic norms and precision farming protocols for need based nutrient management. * Utilization of microbes for improvement of crop production and residue management * Pesticide residue management in horticultural crops and related environment. * Teaching, training and extension of services for students and farming community.

Social Sciences and Training

E and T division operated as an Advanced Training Center of the Directorate of Extension, Government of India (1997-2003) and was the Trainers Training Center of the Indian Council and Agricultural Research from 1976 to 1997. It looks after the training and extension activities of IIHR. Mandate * To disseminate improved horticultural technologies through use of different extension methodologies. * To provide training to the farmers and horticultural officials in improved horticultural technologies. * To undertake research on socio-economic issues of horticultural farmers. * To conduct studies on gender mainstreaming in horticulture.

Post Harvest Technology and Agricultural Engineering

The division started as the Division of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Microbiology and Postharvest Technology in 1978 which was later renamed as the Division of Postharvest Technology. The research work in the division focusses on handling and storage, processing, microbiology and

cut flowers Cut flowers are flowers or flower buds (often with some stem and leaf) that have been cut from the plant bearing it. It is usually removed from the plant for decorative use. Typical uses are in vase displays, wreaths and garlands. Many gardene ...

. Objectives * To carry out basic and applied research on postharvest management and extension of self-life of fruits, vegetables, and ornamental crops. * To develop technologies/processes for value addition, product diversification and waste utilization of fruits, vegetables, and ornamental crops. * To carry out research to ensure microbiological quality and safety in fresh and processed products. * To conduct teaching and training for capacity building of scientific manpower and for development of human resources as well as to serve as repository of scientific information in the areas of postharvest horticulture. * To develop innovative products/processes and commercialize the same through ITMU and Public and Private Partnership (PPP).

Sections

Biotechnology The Division of Biotechnology is now merged with the Division of Basic Sciences, which focusses on research on

Gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a ba ...

discovery, regeneration and

transgenics A genetically modified organism (GMO) is any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. The exact definition of a genetically modified organism and what constitutes genetic engineering varies, with ...

, Molecular markers, Marker Assisted Selection, Functional

Genomics Genomics is an interdisciplinary field of biology focusing on the structure, function, evolution, mapping, and editing of genomes. A genome is an organism's complete set of DNA, including all of its genes as well as its hierarchical, three-dim ...

Bioinformatics Bioinformatics () is an interdisciplinary field that develops methods and software tools for understanding biological data, in particular when the data sets are large and complex. As an interdisciplinary field of science, bioinformatics combi ...

and

Endophytic An endophyte is an endosymbiont, often a bacterium or fungus, that lives within a plant for at least part of its life cycle without causing apparent disease. Endophytes are ubiquitous and have been found in all species of plants studied to date; h ...

molecular microbiology. Specific areas of work include: * development of molecular markers for

okra Okra or Okro (, ), ''Abelmoschus esculentus'', known in many English-speaking countries as ladies' fingers or ochro, is a flowering plant in the mallow family. It has edible green seed pods. The geographical origin of okra is disputed, with su ...

and markers for root-stock identification in

* development of BT transgenic

brinjal Eggplant ( US, Canada), aubergine ( UK, Ireland) or brinjal (Indian subcontinent, Singapore, Malaysia, South Africa) is a plant species in the nightshade family Solanaceae. ''Solanum melongena'' is grown worldwide for its edible fruit. Mo ...

and

tomato The tomato is the edible berry of the plant ''Solanum lycopersicum'', commonly known as the tomato plant. The species originated in western South America, Mexico, and Central America. The Mexican Nahuatl word gave rise to the Spanish word ...

* cloning of genes for fungal resistance and transgenic development * development of embryogenic suspension of banana and GM banana for Fusarium wilt resistance * development of GM tomato,

and

watermelon Watermelon (''Citrullus lanatus'') is a flowering plant species of the Cucurbitaceae family and the name of its edible fruit. A scrambling and trailing vine-like plant, it is a highly cultivated fruit worldwide, with more than 1,000 varieti ...

for virus resistance * development of GM tomato, papaya & watermelon for virus resistance * elucidation of ubiquitous association of endophytic microorganisms in vivo and in vitro * discovery of periplasmic bacteria in

banana A banana is an elongated, edible fruit – botanically a berry – produced by several kinds of large herbaceous flowering plants in the genus ''Musa''. In some countries, bananas used for cooking may be called "plantains", distinguis ...

Plant Genetic Resources The division is involved in exploration, introduction, exchange, evaluation, characterization and conservation of horticultural

plant growth regulators Plant hormone (or phytohormones) are signal molecules, produced within plants, that occur in extremely low concentrations. Plant hormones control all aspects of plant growth and development, from embryogenesis, the regulation of organ size, pa ...

. IIHR claims to have introduced 22,080 accessions in fruits, vegetables, ornamentals & Medicinal and Aromatic Plant species. It also works on enrichment of germplasm from wild sources through exploration missions. A Pollen Cryobank was established under the division for long term cryogenic preservation of crops which was featured in the

Limca Book of Records The ''Limca Book of Records'' is an annual reference book published in India documenting world records held by Indians. The records are further categorized into education, literature, agriculture, medical science, business, sports, nature, advent ...

in 2001. A Field Gene Bank (FGB) also works under the division and the division supports establishment FGBs for Mango, Guava and Jackfruit crops. Mandate * To act as a regional center for acquisition and management of indigenous and exotic horticultural plant genetic resources (PGR). * To carry out related research and human resource development for

sustainable growth Sustainable development is an organizing principle for meeting human development goals while also sustaining the ability of natural systems to provide the natural resources and ecosystem services on which the economy and society depend. The desir ...

of horticulture in the country. Seed Science and Technology: to conduct research on seed production and quality aspects of horticultural crops with a mandate: * Seed Production * Seed Quality Testing and Storage * Seed Protection * Seed Physiology Agricultural Engineering: to develop and maintain IIHR farm and to establish workshop for research and development in Farm Machinery with a mandate to: * Development of cultivation and processing machinery for horticultural crops. * Development cultivation machinery for horticultural crops inside greenhouses. * Development suitable greenhouses for cultivation of horticultural crops. * Imparting knowledge and training to the scientists, farmers, students and stake holders for use of horticultural machinery. Medicinal Crops: to undertake research work is on the genetic improvement of commercially important medicinal and aromatic crops and standardization of agro-technology. It holds the mandate to: * Enrichment, documentation and Conservation of diversity in medicinal Crops. * Genetic amelioration for yield and quality. * Organic production technologies. * Photochemical analysis Economics and Statistics: undertakes research work on economic aspects and statistical models. The section is associated in collaborative or co-investigative research at the institute level as well as in external projects. It is also involved in the post graduate collaboration in education and research with

University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore (UAS Bangalore) is located in Bengaluru, India. It was established in 1964 as UAS Bangalore by a legislative act. History Origin The British government in India, shaken by several famines in Indi ...

Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University, formerly Andhra Pradesh Horticultural University, is a state university located at Venkataramannagudem, near Tadepalligudem in West Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh, India. It was established in 2007 by th ...

, and University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot. The section has a mandate : * To undertake socio-economic research in horticultural crops. viz., economics of production, marketing and trade. * To develop statistical models for horticultural crop research and computer application in horticultural crops.

Regional stations

Central Horticultural Experiment Stations (CHES)

IIHR operates three CHESs under its wing. Mandarin Oranges (Citrus Reticulata).jpg File:Purple passionfruit.jpg Rambutan white background alt.jpg Citrus grandis - Honey White.jpg File:Avocado Hass - single and halved.jpg Image:Mangosteen.jpeg CHES Chettalli: The station works on the mandate crop of

mandarin Mandarin or The Mandarin may refer to: Language * Mandarin Chinese, branch of Chinese originally spoken in northern parts of the country ** Standard Chinese or Modern Standard Mandarin, the official language of China ** Taiwanese Mandarin, Stand ...

out of an area of 92 hectares in

Coorg Kodagu (also known by its former name Coorg) is an administrative district in the Karnataka state of India. Before 1956, it was an administratively separate Coorg State, at which point it was merged into an enlarged Mysore State. It occupies ...

. The other crops of interest are

and

passion fruit ''Passiflora edulis,'' commonly known as passion fruit, is a vine species of passion flower native to southern Brazil through Paraguay and northern Argentina. It is cultivated commercially in tropical and subtropical areas for its sweet, seedy ...

and minor fruits like

rambutan Rambutan (; taxonomic name: ''Nephelium lappaceum'') is a medium-sized tropical tree in the family Sapindaceae. The name also refers to the edible fruit produced by this tree. The rambutan is native to Southeast Asia. It is closely related to s ...

, pummelo,

avocado The avocado (''Persea americana'') is a medium-sized, evergreen tree in the laurel family (Lauraceae). It is native to the Americas and was first domesticated by Mesoamerican tribes more than 5,000 years ago. Then as now it was prized for i ...

mangosteen Mangosteen (''Garcinia mangostana''), also known as the purple mangosteen, is a tropical evergreen tree with edible fruit native to tropical lands surrounding the Indian Ocean. Its origin is uncertain due to widespread prehistoric cultivation. ...

, karonda, Malayan apple and

Garcinia ''Garcinia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Clusiaceae native to Asia, America, Australia, tropical and southern Africa, and Polynesia. The number of species is disputed; Plants of the World Online (POWO) recognise up to 400. Common ...

. The station is also involved in the floricultural of

rose A rose is either a woody perennial flowering plant of the genus ''Rosa'' (), in the family Rosaceae (), or the flower it bears. There are over three hundred species and tens of thousands of cultivars. They form a group of plants that can be ...

asters ''Aster'' is a genus of perennial flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. Its circumscription has been narrowed, and it now encompasses around 170 species, all but one of which are restricted to Eurasia; many species formerly in ''Aster'' are ...

gladiolus ''Gladiolus'' (from Latin, the diminutive of ''gladius'', a sword) is a genus of perennial cormous flowering plants in the iris family (Iridaceae). It is sometimes called the 'sword lily', but is usually called by its generic name (plural ''g ...

and

orchids Orchids are plants that belong to the family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant. Along with the Asteraceae, they are one of the two largest families of flowering ...

. CHES Bhubaneshwar is located at

Bhubaneswar Bhubaneswar (; ) is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Odisha. The region, especially the old town, was historically often depicted as ''Ekamra Kshetra'' (area (''kshetra'') adorned with mango trees (''ekamra'')). Bhubaneswar is ...

Odisha Odisha (English: , ), formerly Orissa ( the official name until 2011), is an Indian state located in Eastern India. It is the 8th largest state by area, and the 11th largest by population. The state has the third largest population of ...

and conducts research on applied and strategic aspects of horticultural crops. It also develops sustainable technologies suitable for the farmers of eastern region of the country in general and the state of Odisha in particular. CHES Hirehalli is located at

Hirehalli Hirehalli is a village in the southern state of Karnataka, India.Village code= 953900 Hirehalli, Chitradurga, Karnataka It is located in the Challakere taluk of Chitradurga district in Karnataka. Demographics As of 2001 India census, Hirehal ...

, near

Tumkur Tumkur, officially renamed as Tumakuru, is a city located in the southern part of Indian state of Karnataka. Tumkur is situated at a distance of northwest of Bangalore, the state capital along NH 48 and NH 73. It is the headquarters of the ...

in Karanataka. Carissa carandas fruits ready for consumption.JPG XanGo Mangosteen Fruit.jpg File:Rose Amber Flush.jpg Gladiolus 7-19-06.JPG Asteraceae - Aster amellus.JPG File:Cattleya photo D Ramey Logan.jpg

Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVK)

There are two KVKs functioning under IIHR. KVK Gonikoppal: This KVK is located at

Virajpet The town of Virajpet also spelled as Virajapete is the second town of the district of Kodagu (Coorg), in Karnataka. It is the main town of the ''Virajpet taluka'', south of the district, in the Kerala-Karnataka border. The name is an abbreviatio ...

taluk which is 50 km away from

Madikeri Madikeri is a hill station town in Madikeri taluk and headquarters of Kodagu district in Karnataka, India. Etymology Madikeri was known as ''Muddu Raja Keri'', which meant Mudduraja's town, was named after the prominent Haleri king Muddura ...

and 92 km away from

Mysore Mysore (), officially Mysuru (), is a city in the southern part of the state of Karnataka, India. Mysore city is geographically located between 12° 18′ 26″ north latitude and 76° 38′ 59″ east longitude. It is located at an altitude of ...

. It covers a total area of 17.5 hectares with office, laboratories, library and staff quarters and has demonstrations units like

coffee Coffee is a drink prepared from roasted coffee beans. Darkly colored, bitter, and slightly acidic, coffee has a stimulant, stimulating effect on humans, primarily due to its caffeine content. It is the most popular hot drink in the world. S ...

based cropping system, Arecanut, Banana, Coorg mandarin, Papaya,

Sapota ''Manilkara zapota'', commonly known as sapodilla (), sapote, naseberry, nispero or chicle, is a long-lived, evergreen tree native to southern Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean. An example natural occurrence is in coastal Yucatán in the ...

, Guava, different vegetables, ployhouse,

Piggery Intensive pig farming, also known as pig factory farming, is the primary method of pig production, in which grower pigs are housed indoors in group-housing or straw-lined sheds, whilst pregnant sows are housed in gestation crates or pens and g ...

, Goatery and fodder block. KVK Hirehalli: The KVK is located at

, in

District, approximately 58 km from Bangalore on the Bangalore-Poona National Highway (NH-4). The KVK extends to a total area of the Kendra is 16.24 hectares and has an office cum-laboratory building, library, staff quarters, polyhouses, shed nets, threshing yard, nursery and landscaping.

All India Coordinated Research Project on Fruits

The All India Coordinated Research Project on Fruits is a research program where the Central research institutes and the State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) work as a team to find solutions to various problems related to a specific topic. IIHR is the hosting central institute for All India Coordinated Research Project on Fruits

Seed Portal

The institute makes its seeds and planting materials through its exclusive ICAR-IIHR Seed Portal for public. It has also integrated with SBI YONO app.

National Horticulture Fair

Every year since 2018, the institute is organizing National Horticulture Fair (NHF) under various themes for showcasing its technologies to the farmers and entrepreneurs. About 50,000 people had visited the fair in the year 2020 which was organized under the theme 'Horticulture: Making Farming an Enterprise'. In 2021, NHF's theme was 'Horticulture: For Stand-up and Start-up India' and had a footfall of 56,000. In the year 2021, the fair went online. However, the 2023's fair is under the theme, Innovative Horticultrue for Self-Reliance and its from Feb 22-25, 2023. NHF2023 Logo png

Arka Samachar

For the benefit of the farmers and other stakeholders and also to share and showcase various latest horticultural production technologies, the institute brings out monthly program on its YouTube channel 1in seven languages viz., Hindi, Kannada, Telugu, Tamil, Marathi, Malayalam & Odia. The programme episodes will be made live every month on second Friday with the new content coinciding with the monthly horticultural operations in the country.

Scholarly societies

The institute houses two scholarly societies viz., Society for Promotion of Horticulture (SPH]) which publishes

Journal of Horticultural Sciences The ''Journal of Horticultural Sciences'' is a biannual peer-reviewed open-access scientific journal covering all branches of horticulture. It is published by the Society for Promotion of Horticulture and it publishes review articles, research pape ...

(JHS) and Association for Advancement for Pest Management of Horticultural Ecosystems (AAPMHE) which publishes Pest Management In Horticultural Ecosystems (PMHE) peer reviewed journals to communicate the latest research outputs publicly in open access mode.

Facilities

In addition to dedicated Food Safety Referral Laboratory, 65 purpose oriented laboratories with equipment like

electron microscope An electron microscope is a microscope that uses a beam of accelerated electrons as a source of illumination. As the wavelength of an electron can be up to 100,000 times shorter than that of visible light photons, electron microscopes have a hi ...

, ultra

centrifuge A centrifuge is a device that uses centrifugal force to separate various components of a fluid. This is achieved by spinning the fluid at high speed within a container, thereby separating fluids of different densities (e.g. cream from milk) or ...

HPLC High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), formerly referred to as high-pressure liquid chromatography, is a technique in analytical chemistry used to separate, identify, and quantify each component in a mixture. It relies on pumps to pa ...

, GLC, LC counter etc. * Infrastructure facilities such as a series of poly houses and net houses, growth chambers, mist chambers, cold storage facilities,

gene bank Gene banks are a type of biorepository that preserves genetic material. For plants, this is done by in vitro storage, freezing cuttings from the plant, or stocking the seeds (e.g. in a seedbank). For animals, this is done by the freezing of spe ...

local area network A local area network (LAN) is a computer network that interconnects computers within a limited area such as a residence, school, laboratory, university campus or office building. By contrast, a wide area network (WAN) not only covers a larger ...

with video conferencing facilities, Seed processing and nursery units. *

Plant phenomics facility *Modern library * Conference hall * Auditorium * Training hostel The campus also hosts other amenities like Bank, Hospital and staff quarters.

Achievements

IIHR is credited with the development of 170 varieties and hybrids of horticultural crops and many sustainable production, protection and post harvest management technologies. Fruit Crops : Three varieties in

, five hybrids in

, three varieties in

, five hybrids in grapes, one variety each in

and

. IIHR has released a high yielding pink fleshed ''Arka Prabhat'' papaya hybrid, ''Arka Kiran'', a red fleshed hybrid guavaIIHR develops low cost, high yield hybrids
/ref> and ''Arka Sahan'', a hybrid of annona with large globules and less seeds. Vegetable Crops : The institute has developed and released 60 high yielding open pollinated varieties and 15 F1 hybrids in 24 vegetable crops resistant to pests and diseases for commercial cultivation. Some of them are: * Arka Manik of Watermelon – triple resistant to pests and diseases * Arka Anamika in okra resistant to Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus. * Arka Komal of French bean resistant to rust. * Arka Vikas tomato variety. * Arka Ananya, a tomato hybrid with combined resistant to Tomato Leaf Curl Virus and Bacterial wilt. * Arka Niketan and Arka Kalyan in onion. * Arka Meghana chilli hybrids tolerant to thrips and viruses. * Arka Suphal of chilli tolerant to powdery mildew. * Arka Swetha, a high yielding male sterility base chilli hybrid. * Arka Anand, bacterial wilt brinjal hybrid. * Arka Lalima and Arka Kirthima, high yielding onion hybrids based on male sterility. Ornamental Crops : IIHR has evolved improved varieties of

chrysanthemum Chrysanthemums (), sometimes called mums or chrysanths, are flowering plants of the genus ''Chrysanthemum'' in the family Asteraceae. They are native to East Asia and northeastern Europe. Most species originate from East Asia and the center ...

bougainvillea ''Bougainvillea'' ( , ) is a genus of thorny ornamental vines, bushes, and trees belonging to the four o' clock family, Nyctaginaceae. It is native to eastern South America, found from Brazil, west to Peru, and south to southern Argentina. ...

hibiscus ''Hibiscus'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. The genus is quite large, comprising several hundred species that are native to warm temperate, subtropical and tropical regions throughout the world. Member species ...

, tube rose, rose, China aster,

carnation ''Dianthus caryophyllus'' (), commonly known as the carnation or clove pink, is a species of ''Dianthus''. It is likely native to the Mediterranean region but its exact range is unknown due to extensive cultivation for the last 2,000 years.Med ...

gerbera ''Gerbera'' ( or ) L. is a genus of plants in the Asteraceae (Compositae) family. The first scientific description of a ''Gerbera'' was made by J. D. Hooker in Curtis's Botanical Magazine in 1889 when he described ''Gerbera jamesonii'', a South ...

and

crossandra ''Crossandra'' is a genus of plants in the family Acanthaceae, comprising 54 species that occur in Africa, Madagascar, Arabia and the Indian subcontinent The Indian subcontinent is a list of the physiographic regions of the world, physiog ...

. They have also developed China aster varieties such as Poornima, Kamini, Vilet cushion and Shashank and tube rose cultivars like Shringar, Suvasini, Prajwal and Vibahv and a crossandra variety by name Arka Ambara. Mushrooms : IIHR is credited with the development of a spore less mutant of oyster

, milky mushroom, Jews ear mushroom and a medicinal mushroom.Institution , IIHR
/ref> Production Technology : Some of the achievements of IIHR in the field of production technology are: * Standardization of high density planting of bananas and pineapple. * Grape root dog ridge, a new practice in dry land grape cultivation. * Standardization of integrated water and nutrient management schedules like drip irrigation, fertigation, application of fertilizer in the active root feeding zone. * Standardization of leaf and petiole diagnostics. * Standardization of technology for foliar nutrition of micro nutrients and developed nutrients like mango special,http://www.zpdviii.gov.in/iihr.pdf banana special, citrus special and vegetable special. * Curative efforts against the causative factors for occurrence of Spongy tissue, a major problem in mango. *

Biofertilizer A biofertilizer is a substance which contains living micro-organisms which, when applied to seeds, plant surfaces, or soil, colonize the rhizosphere or the interior of the plant and promotes growth by increasing the supply or availability of prim ...

s such as PSB, Azospirallium and VAM. Plant Protection : Plant protection technologies standardized or developed by IIHR are: * Pest management using trap crops like African marigold for control of tomato fruit borer. * Mustard for control of DBM in Cole crops. * Plant products like

neem ''Azadirachta indica'', commonly known as neem, nimtree or Indian lilac, is a tree in the mahogany family Meliaceae. It is one of two species in the genus ''Azadirachta'', and is native to the Indian subcontinent and most of the countries in Afr ...

soap and

pongamia ''Millettia'' is a genus of legume in the family Fabaceae. It consists of about 150 species, which are distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The genus was formerly known by the name ''Pongamia'', but that name was reje ...

soap for control of major pests. * Bio-control agents and micro organisms like Trichoderma, Pseudonymous fluorescence, Paecilomyces lilacinus etc. for control of soil borne diseases and nematodes. *

Pheromone A pheromone () is a secreted or excreted chemical factor that triggers a social response in members of the same species. Pheromones are chemicals capable of acting like hormones outside the body of the secreting individual, to affect the behavio ...

trap for the mango fruit fly. * Integrated disease management protocols and diagnostic kits for viruses. Post Harvest Technology : IIHR has contributed to the standardization of Post Harvest Technology as: * Extension the storage life of fruits and crops at various temperatures. * Protocol for MOP and shrink wrapping technology. * Protocols for preparation of osmo-dehydrated products. * Fruit based beverages like mango squash, passion fruit squash, anona squash, passion fruit and banana blends. * Culinary pastes and purees. *

Lactic acid Lactic acid is an organic acid. It has a molecular formula . It is white in the solid state and it is miscible with water. When in the dissolved state, it forms a colorless solution. Production includes both artificial synthesis as well as natu ...

fermentation Fermentation is a metabolic process that produces chemical changes in organic substrates through the action of enzymes. In biochemistry, it is narrowly defined as the extraction of energy from carbohydrates in the absence of oxygen. In food ...

of vegetables. * Protocols for minimally processed foods. * Technology for production of tomato, colored capsicum, cucumbers and melons under protected conditions. * The technology for production of nursery seedlings using pro trays. * Macro propagation protocols for various crops. *

Nucleic acid Nucleic acids are biopolymers, macromolecules, essential to all known forms of life. They are composed of nucleotides, which are the monomers made of three components: a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base. The two main cl ...

probes for many viruses. *

DNA fingerprinting DNA profiling (also called DNA fingerprinting) is the process of determining an individual's DNA characteristics. DNA analysis intended to identify a species, rather than an individual, is called DNA barcoding. DNA profiling is a forensic tec ...

techniques for characterization and documentation of

. Machineries : IIHR has developed machineries the following purposes. * Nursery raising * Seed sowing * Seedling transplanting * Weeding * Harvesting of fruit crops * Pickle making * Mushroom

spawn Spawn or spawning may refer to: * Spawn (biology), the eggs and sperm of aquatic animals Arts, entertainment, and media * Spawn (character), a fictional character in the comic series of the same name and in the associated franchise ** '' Spawn: ...

production

Awards and recognitions

IIHR has been awarded and recognized as: * Sardar Patel Outstanding ICAR Institution Award 1998 from Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR). * Sardar Patel Outstanding ICAR Institution Award 2010 from Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR). * Recognized as the post graduate research and training centre in horticulture by six universities. * Second Prize in the field of Official Language Implementation for the year 2012-13 from Town Official Language Implementation Committee, Bangalore. * ''BAGWANI'', the Official Language Magazine of the institute, received the Best in house Magazine Award for the year 2011–2012. * The pollen Cryo-Bank of the institute features in the Limca Book of Records 2001. * Recognized as DBT-ICAR National Facility for virus –diagnosis and quality control in tissue culture plants. * Recognized as the Phyto-sanitary certification agency for seeds and planting materials.Phytosanitary Certificate Issuing Authorities in India « Phytosanitary Solutions

References

External links

{{authority control Indian Council of Agricultural Research Horticultural organisations based in India Agricultural research institutes in India Research institutes in Bangalore Research institutes established in 1967 1967 establishments in Mysore State