Index Of Economics Articles
   HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

This aims to be a complete article list of economics topics:


A

*
Absence rate In economics, the absence rate is the ratio of workers with absences to total full-time wage and salary employment. In the United States, absences are defined as instances when persons who usually work 35 or more hours per week worked less than 35 ...
Accountancy Accounting, also known as accountancy, is the measurement, processing, and communication of financial and non financial information about economic entities such as businesses and corporations. Accounting, which has been called the "langua ...
Accounting reform Accounting reform is an expansion of accounting rules that goes beyond financial measures for both individual economic entities and national economies. It is advocated by those who consider the focus of the current standards and practices wholly ...
Actuary
Adaptive expectations In economics, adaptive expectations is a hypothesized process by which people form their expectations about what will happen in the future based on what has happened in the past. For example, if people want to create an expectation of the inflatio ...
Adverse selection In economics, insurance, and risk management, adverse selection is a market situation where buyers and sellers have different information. The result is that participants with key information might participate selectively in trades at the expe ...
Agent (economics)
Agent-based computational economics Agent-based computational economics (ACE) is the area of computational economics that studies economic processes, including whole economies, as dynamic systems of interacting agents. As such, it falls in the paradigm of complex adaptive systems. ...
Aggregate demand
Aggregate supply In economics, aggregate supply (AS) or domestic final supply (DFS) is the total supply of goods and services that firms in a national economy plan on selling during a specific time period. It is the total amount of goods and services that firms ...
Agricultural policy Agricultural policy describes a set of laws relating to domestic agriculture and imports of foreign agricultural products. Governments usually implement agricultural policies with the goal of achieving a specific outcome in the domestic agricultu ...
Appropriate technology Appropriate technology is a movement (and its manifestations) encompassing technological choice and application that is small-scale, affordable by locals, decentralized, labor-intensive, energy-efficient, environmentally sustainable, and loca ...
Arbitrage
Arrow's impossibility theorem Arrow's impossibility theorem, the general possibility theorem or Arrow's paradox is an impossibility theorem in social choice theory that states that when voters have three or more distinct alternatives (options), no ranked voting electoral syst ...
Asymmetric information
Auction An auction is usually a process of buying and selling goods or services by offering them up for bids, taking bids, and then selling the item to the highest bidder or buying the item from the lowest bidder. Some exceptions to this definition ex ...
Austrian School The Austrian School is a heterodox school of economic thought that advocates strict adherence to methodological individualism, the concept that social phenomena result exclusively from the motivations and actions of individuals. Austrian schoo ...
Autarky Autarky is the characteristic of self-sufficiency, usually applied to societies, communities, states, and their economic systems. Autarky as an ideal or method has been embraced by a wide range of political ideologies and movements, especiall ...
Awards


B

*
Backward induction Backward induction is the process of reasoning backwards in time, from the end of a problem or situation, to determine a sequence of optimal actions. It proceeds by examining the last point at which a decision is to be made and then identifying wha ...
Balance of payments
Balance of trade The balance of trade, commercial balance, or net exports (sometimes symbolized as NX), is the difference between the monetary value of a nation's exports and imports over a certain time period. Sometimes a distinction is made between a balance ...
Bank A bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and creates a demand deposit while simultaneously making loans. Lending activities can be directly performed by the bank or indirectly through capital markets. Because ...
Bank reserves Bank reserves are a commercial bank's cash holdings physically held by the bank, and deposits held in the bank's account with the central bank. Under the fractional-reserve banking system used in most countries, central banks typically set mini ...
Bankruptcy
Barter In trade, barter (derived from ''baretor'') is a system of exchange in which participants in a transaction directly exchange goods or services for other goods or services without using a medium of exchange, such as money. Economists disti ...
Behavioral economics
Bellman equation A Bellman equation, named after Richard E. Bellman, is a necessary condition for optimality associated with the mathematical optimization method known as dynamic programming. It writes the "value" of a decision problem at a certain point in time ...
Bequest motive {{Short description, Justification for leaving money to others A bequest motive seeks to provide an economic justification for the phenomenon of intergenerational transfers of wealth. In other words, to explain why people leave money behind when th ...
Big Mac IndexBig Push ModelBioeconomics (biophysical)Black marketBlack–ScholesBretton Woods System
Bullionism Bullionism is an economic theory that defines wealth by the amount of precious metals owned. Bullionism is an early or primitive form of mercantilism.{{Citation needed, date=October 2018 It was derived, during the 16th century, from the observation ...
Business cycle Business cycles are intervals of expansion followed by recession in economic activity. These changes have implications for the welfare of the broad population as well as for private institutions. Typically business cycles are measured by examin ...
Bertrand–Edgeworth model In microeconomics, the Bertrand–Edgeworth model of price-setting oligopoly looks at what happens when there is a homogeneous product (i.e. consumers want to buy from the cheapest seller) where there is a limit to the output of firms which are wil ...


C

*
Capital (economics) In economics, capital goods or capital are "those durable produced goods that are in turn used as productive inputs for further production" of goods and services. At the macroeconomic level, "the nation's capital stock includes buildings, e ...
Capital asset A capital asset is defined as property of any kind held by an assessee, whether connected with their business or profession or not connected with their business or profession. It includes all kinds of property, movable or immovable, tangible or i ...
Capital intensity Capital intensity is the amount of fixed or real capital present in relation to other factors of production, especially labor. At the level of either a production process or the aggregate economy, it may be estimated by the capital to labor ratio, ...
Capitalism Capitalism is an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit. Central characteristics of capitalism include capital accumulation, competitive markets, price system, priva ...
Cartel A cartel is a group of independent market participants who collude with each other in order to improve their profits and dominate the market. Cartels are usually associations in the same sphere of business, and thus an alliance of rivals. Mos ...
Cash cropCatch-up effect
Celtic Tiger The "Celtic Tiger" ( ga, An Tíogar Ceilteach) is a term referring to the economy of Ireland from the mid-1990s to the late 2000s, a period of rapid real economic growth fuelled by foreign direct investment. The boom was dampened by a subseque ...
Central bank A central bank, reserve bank, or monetary authority is an institution that manages the currency and monetary policy of a country or monetary union, and oversees their commercial banking system. In contrast to a commercial bank, a central b ...
Ceteris paribusCharity shopChicago School of EconomicsClassical economics
Classical general equilibrium model The classical general equilibrium model aims to describe the economy by aggregating the behavior of individuals and firms. Note that the classical general equilibrium model is unrelated to classical economics, and was instead developed within neocl ...
Coase conjecture The Coase conjecture, developed first by Ronald Coase, is an argument in monopoly theory. The conjecture sets up a situation in which a monopolist sells a durable good to a market where resale is impossible and faces consumers who have different ...
Coase theorem In law and economics, the Coase theorem () describes the economic efficiency of an economic allocation or outcome in the presence of externalities. The theorem states that if trade in an externality is possible and there are sufficiently low tra ...
Cobweb model The cobweb model or cobweb theory is an economic model that explains why prices might be subject to periodic fluctuations in certain types of markets. It describes cyclical supply and demand in a market where the amount produced must be chosen bef ...
Collective action
Collusion Collusion is a deceitful agreement or secret cooperation between two or more parties to limit open competition by deceiving, misleading or defrauding others of their legal right. Collusion is not always considered illegal. It can be used to att ...
Commodity
Commodity market A commodity market is a market that trades in the primary economic sector rather than manufactured products, such as cocoa, fruit and sugar. Hard commodities are mined, such as gold and oil. Futures contracts are the oldest way of investin ...
Community-based economics Community-based economics or community economics is an economic system that encourages local substitution. It is similar to the lifeways of those practicing voluntary simplicity, including traditional Mennonite, Amish, and modern eco-village commu ...
Comparative advantage In an economic model, agents have a comparative advantage over others in producing a particular good if they can produce that good at a lower relative opportunity cost or autarky price, i.e. at a lower relative marginal cost prior to trade. Comp ...
Comparative dynamics In economics, economic equilibrium is a situation in which economic forces such as supply and demand are balanced and in the absence of external influences the ( equilibrium) values of economic variables will not change. For example, in the s ...
Comparative statics In economics, comparative statics is the comparison of two different economic outcomes, before and after a change in some underlying exogenous parameter. As a type of ''static analysis'' it compares two different equilibrium states, after the ...
Compensating differential Wage differential is a term used in labour economics to analyze the relation between the wage rate and the unpleasantness, risk, or other undesirable attributes of a particular job. A compensating differential, which is also called a compensating ...
Competition Competition is a rivalry where two or more parties strive for a common goal which cannot be shared: where one's gain is the other's loss (an example of which is a zero-sum game). Competition can arise between entities such as organisms, indiv ...
Competition lawComplementary good
Complexity economics Complexity economics is the application of complexity science to the problems of economics. It sees the economy not as a system in equilibrium, but as one in motion, perpetually constructing itself anew.Beinhocker, Eric D. The Origin of Wealth: E ...
Comprehensive Income Policy Agreement Finnish national income policy agreements or comprehensive income policy agreements (, often called ''tupo''; ) are tripartite agreements between Finnish trade unions, employers' organizations, and the Finnish government. They are policy documents ...
Computational economics Computational Economics is an interdisciplinary research discipline that involves computer science, economics, and management science.''Computational Economics''."About This Journal"an"Aims and Scope" This subject encompasses computational model ...
Concentration ratio In economics, concentration ratios are used to quantify market concentration and are based on companies' market shares in a given industry. Market share can be defined as a firm's proportion of total sales in an industry, a firm's market capita ...
Consumer A consumer is a person or a group who intends to order, or uses purchased goods, products, or services primarily for personal, social, family, household and similar needs, who is not directly related to entrepreneurial or business activities. ...
Consumer price index
Consumer sovereignty Consumer sovereignty is the economic concept that the consumer has some controlling power over goods that are produced, and the idea that the consumer is the best judge of their own welfare. ''Consumer sovereignty in production'' is the controlli ...
Consumer surplus
Consumer theory The theory of consumer choice is the branch of microeconomics that relates preferences to consumption expenditures and to consumer demand curves. It analyzes how consumers maximize the desirability of their consumption as measured by their pref ...
Consumerism Consumerism is a social and economic order that encourages the acquisition of goods and services in ever-increasing amounts. With the Industrial Revolution, but particularly in the 20th century, mass production led to overproduction—the su ...
Consumption (economics)
Contestable market In economics, the theory of contestable markets, associated primarily with its 1982 proponent William J. Baumol, held that there are markets served by a small number of firms that are nevertheless characterized by competitive equilibrium (and the ...
Contract curveContract theory
Cooperative A cooperative (also known as co-operative, co-op, or coop) is "an autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet their common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and democratically-contro ...
Cost In production, research, retail, and accounting, a cost is the value of money that has been used up to produce something or deliver a service, and hence is not available for use anymore. In business, the cost may be one of acquisition, in whic ...
Cost–benefit analysis Cost–benefit analysis (CBA), sometimes also called benefit–cost analysis, is a systematic approach to estimating the strengths and weaknesses of alternatives. It is used to determine options which provide the best approach to achieving benefits ...
Cost curve In economics, a cost curve is a graph of the costs of production as a function of total quantity produced. In a free market economy, productively efficient firms optimize their production process by minimizing cost consistent with each possible ...
Cost-of-production theory of value In economics, the cost-of-production theory of value is the theory that the price of an object or condition is determined by the sum of the cost of the resources that went into making it. The cost can comprise any of the factors of production (incl ...
Cost overrun A cost overrun, also known as a cost increase or budget overrun, involves unexpected incurred costs. When these costs are in excess of budgeted amounts due to a value engineering underestimation of the actual cost during budgeting, they are known ...
Cost-push inflationCost underestimation
Cournot competition Cournot competition is an economic model used to describe an industry structure in which companies compete on the amount of output they will produce, which they decide on independently of each other and at the same time. It is named after Antoine A ...
Cross elasticity of demand
Cultural ecology Cultural ecology is the study of human adaptations to social and physical environments. Human adaptation refers to both biological and cultural processes that enable a population to survive and reproduce within a given or changing environment. Thi ...
Currency A currency, "in circulation", from la, currens, -entis, literally meaning "running" or "traversing" is a standardization of money in any form, in use or circulation as a medium of exchange, for example banknotes and coins. A more general ...
Cycle of poverty In economics, a cycle of poverty or poverty trap is caused by self-reinforcing mechanisms that cause poverty, once it exists, to persist unless there is outside intervention. It can persist across generations, and when applied to developing count ...


D

*
Damages At common law, damages are a remedy in the form of a monetary award to be paid to a claimant as compensation for loss or injury. To warrant the award, the claimant must show that a breach of duty has caused foreseeable loss. To be recognised at ...
Dead cat bounce In finance, a dead cat bounce is a small, brief recovery in the price of a declining stock. Derived from the idea that "even a dead cat will bounce if it falls from a great height", the phrase, which originated on Wall Street, is also popularly ap ...
Deadweight loss In economics, deadweight loss is the difference in production and consumption of any given product or service including government tax. The presence of deadweight loss is most commonly identified when the quantity produced ''relative'' to the amoun ...
Debt Debt is an obligation that requires one party, the debtor, to pay money or other agreed-upon value to another party, the creditor. Debt is a deferred payment, or series of payments, which differentiates it from an immediate purchase. The ...
Decentralization Decentralization or decentralisation is the process by which the activities of an organization, particularly those regarding planning and decision making, are distributed or delegated away from a central, authoritative location or group. Conce ...
Deflation In economics, deflation is a decrease in the general price level of goods and services. Deflation occurs when the inflation rate falls below 0% (a negative inflation rate). Inflation reduces the value of currency over time, but sudden deflatio ...
Demand-pull inflation Demand-pull inflation is asserted to arise when aggregate demand in an economy is more than aggregate supply. It involves inflation rising as real gross domestic product rises and unemployment falls, as the economy moves along the Phillips c ...
Depreciation (currency)
Depreciation (economics) In economics, depreciation is the gradual decrease in the economic value of the capital stock of a firm, nation or other entity, either through physical depreciation, obsolescence or changes in the demand for the services of the capital in questi ...
Depression (economics) An economic depression is a period of carried long-term economical downturn that is result of lowered economic activity in one major or more national economies. Economic depression maybe related to one specific country were there is some economic ...
Devaluation In macroeconomics and modern monetary policy, a devaluation is an official lowering of the value of a country's currency within a fixed exchange-rate system, in which a monetary authority formally sets a lower exchange rate of the national curre ...
Development economics Development economics is a branch of economics which deals with economic aspects of the development process in low- and middle- income countries. Its focus is not only on methods of promoting economic development, economic growth and structural ...
Differentiated Bertrand competition
Disequilibrium macroeconomics Disequilibrium macroeconomics is a tradition of research centered on the role of Disequilibrium (economics), disequilibrium in economics. This approach is also known as non-Walrasian theory, equilibrium with rationing, the non-market clearing app ...
Disinflation Disinflation is a decrease in the rate of inflation – a slowdown in the rate of increase of the general price level of goods and services in a nation's gross domestic product over time. It is the opposite of reflation. If the inflation r ...
Dispersed knowledge Dispersed knowledge in economics is the notion that no single agent has information as to all of the factors which influence prices and production throughout the system. The term has been both expanded upon and popularized by American economist Th ...
Distribution (business) Distribution (or place) is one of the four elements of the marketing mix. Distribution is the process of making a product or service available for the consumer or business user who needs it. This can be done directly by the producer or service p ...
Distribution (economics)
Distribution of income In economics, income distribution covers how a country's total GDP is distributed amongst its population. Economic theory and economic policy have long seen income and its distribution as a central concern. Unequal distribution of income causes ec ...
Distribution of wealth The distribution of wealth is a comparison of the wealth of various members or groups in a society. It shows one aspect of economic inequality or economic heterogeneity. The distribution of wealth differs from the income distribution in that ...
Dividend imputation Dividend imputation is a corporate tax system in which some or all of the tax paid by a company may be attributed, or imputed, to the shareholders by way of a tax credit to reduce the income tax payable on a distribution. In comparison to the ...
Division of labor
Dual-sector model The Dual Sector model, or the Lewis model, is a model in Developmental economics that explains the growth of a developing economy in terms of a labour transition between two sectors, a traditional agricultural sector and a modern industrial sect ...
Duopoly
Dynamic programming Dynamic programming is both a mathematical optimization method and a computer programming method. The method was developed by Richard Bellman in the 1950s and has found applications in numerous fields, from aerospace engineering to economics. ...
Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium modeling (abbreviated as DSGE, or DGE, or sometimes SDGE) is a macroeconomic method which is often employed by monetary and fiscal authorities for policy analysis, explaining historical time-series data, as we ...


E

* Ecological economics
Econometrics Econometrics is the application of statistical methods to economic data in order to give empirical content to economic relationships. M. Hashem Pesaran (1987). "Econometrics," '' The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics'', v. 2, p. 8 p. 8 ...
Economic base analysis Economic base analysis is a theory that posits that activities in an area divide into two categories: basic and nonbasic. Basic industries are those exporting from the region and bringing wealth from outside, while nonbasic (or service) industries s ...
Economic calculation problem The economic calculation problem (sometimes abbreviated ECP) is a criticism of using economic planning as a substitute for market-based allocation of the factors of production. It was first proposed by Ludwig von Mises in his 1920 article "Eco ...
Economic development In the economics study of the public sector, economic and social development is the process by which the economic well-being and quality of life of a nation, region, local community, or an individual are improved according to targeted goals and ...
Economic equilibrium In economics, economic equilibrium is a situation in which economic forces such as supply and demand are balanced and in the absence of external influences the ( equilibrium) values of economic variables will not change. For example, in the s ...
Economic geography Economic geography is the subfield of human geography which studies economic activity and factors affecting them. It can also be considered a subfield or method in economics. There are four branches of economic geography. There is, primary secto ...
Economic graphEconomic growth
Economic history Economic history is the academic learning of economies or economic events of the past. Research is conducted using a combination of historical methods, statistical methods and the application of economic theory to historical situations and i ...
Economic impact of immigration to Canada The economic impact of immigration is an important topic in Canada. Two conflicting narratives exist: 1) higher immigration levels help to increase economy (GDP) and 2) higher immigration levels decreases GDP per capita or living standards for ...
Economic indicator An economic indicator is a statistic about an economic activity. Economic indicators allow analysis of economic performance and predictions of future performance. One application of economic indicators is the study of business cycles. Economic ...
Economic model In economics, a model is a theoretical construct representing economic processes by a set of variables and a set of logical and/or quantitative relationships between them. The economic model is a simplified, often mathematical, framework desi ...
Economic policy
Economic problem Economic systems as a type of social system must confront and solve the three fundamental economic problems:Samuelson, P. Anthony., Samuelson, W. (1980). Economics. 11th ed. / New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 34 * What kinds and quantities of goods s ...
Economic rent In economics, economic rent is any payment (in the context of a market transaction) to the owner of a factor of production in excess of the cost needed to bring that factor into production. In classical economics, economic rent is any payment m ...
Economic surplus In mainstream economics, economic surplus, also known as total welfare or total social welfare or Marshallian surplus (after Alfred Marshall), is either of two related quantities: * Consumer surplus, or consumers' surplus, is the monetary gain ...
Economic system
Economic union An economic union is a type of trade bloc which is composed of a common market with a customs union. The participant countries have both common policies on product regulation, freedom of movement of goods, services and the factors of produc ...
Economics Economics () is the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Economics focuses on the behaviour and interactions of economic agents and how economies work. Microeconomics analyzes ...
Economics terminology that differs from common usage In any technical subject, words commonly used in everyday life acquire very specific technical meanings, and confusion can arise when someone is uncertain of the intended meaning of a word. This article explains the differences in meaning between ...
Economies of agglomeration One of the major subfields of urban economics, economies of agglomeration (or agglomeration effects) describes, in broad terms, how urban agglomeration occurs in locations where cost savings can naturally arise. Most often discussed in terms of ...
Economies of scale In microeconomics, economies of scale are the cost advantages that enterprises obtain due to their scale of operation, and are typically measured by the amount of output produced per unit of time. A decrease in cost per unit of output enables ...
Economies of scope Economies of scope are "efficiencies formed by variety, not volume" (the latter concept is "economies of scale"). In economics, "economies" is synonymous with cost savings and "scope" is synonymous with broadening production/services through div ...
Economy of Canada The economy of Canada is a highly developed mixed-market economy. It is the 8th-largest GDP by nominal and 15th-largest GDP by PPP in the world. As with other developed nations, the country's economy is dominated by the service industry wh ...
Ecotax An environmental tax, ecotax (short for ecological taxation), or green tax is a tax levied on activities which are considered to be harmful to the environment and is intended to promote environmentally friendly activities via economic incentives. ...
Edgeworth box In economics, an Edgeworth box, sometimes referred to as an Edgeworth-Bowley box, is a graphical representation of a market with just two commodities, ''X'' and ''Y'', and two consumers. The dimensions of the box are the total quantities Ω''x'' and ...
Edgeworth's limit theoremEfficiency dividend
Efficiency wages The term efficiency wages (or rather "efficiency earnings") was introduced by Alfred Marshall to denote the wage per efficiency unit of labor. Marshallian efficiency wages would make employers pay different wages to workers who are of different ef ...
Efficient-market hypothesis The efficient-market hypothesis (EMH) is a hypothesis in financial economics that states that asset prices reflect all available information. A direct implication is that it is impossible to "beat the market" consistently on a risk-adjusted bas ...
Elasticity (economics)
Elasticity of substitution Elasticity of substitution is the ratio of percentage change in capital-labour ratio with the percentage change in Marginal Rate of Technical Substitution. In a competitive market, it measures the percentage change in the two inputs used in respons ...
Electricity market In a broad sense, an electricity market is a system that facilitates the exchange of electricity-related goods and services. During more than a century of evolution of the electric power industry, the economics of the electricity markets had un ...
EmploymentEndogenous growth theory
Energy economics Energy economics is a broad scientific subject area which includes topics related to supply and use of energy in societies. Considering the cost of energy services and associated value gives economic meaning to the efficiency at which energ ...
Entrepreneur Entrepreneurship is the creation or extraction of economic value. With this definition, entrepreneurship is viewed as change, generally entailing risk beyond what is normally encountered in starting a business, which may include other values t ...
Entrepreneurial economics Entrepreneurial economics is the study of the entrepreneur and entrepreneurship within the economy. The accumulation of factors of production per se does not explain economic development. They are necessary factors of production, but they are not s ...
Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship is the creation or extraction of economic value. With this definition, entrepreneurship is viewed as change, generally entailing risk beyond what is normally encountered in starting a business, which may include other values t ...
Environmental economics Environmental economics is a sub-field of economics concerned with environmental issues. It has become a widely studied subject due to growing environmental concerns in the twenty-first century. Environmental economics "undertakes theoretical or ...
Environmental finance Environmental finance is a field within finance that employs market-based environmental policy instruments to improve the ecological impact of investment strategies. The primary objective of environmental finance is to regress the negative impac ...
Equilibrium selection
Ethical consumerism Ethical consumerism (alternatively called ethical consumption, ethical purchasing, moral purchasing, ethical sourcing, or ethical shopping and also associated with sustainable and green consumerism) is a type of consumer activism based on the con ...
Euro The euro ( symbol: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of 19 out of the member states of the European Union (EU). This group of states is known as the eurozone or, officially, the euro area, and includes about 340 million citizens . ...
– Event study – Evolutionary economics – Exceptionalism – Excess burden of taxation – Exogenous and endogenous variables – Exogenous growth model – Expected utility hypothesis – The Experience Economy – Experimental economics – Externality -Effective exchange rate


F

* Factor price equalization – Factors of production – Fair trade – Feminist economics – Finance – Financial astrology – Financial capital – Financial econometrics – Financial economics – Financial instrument – Fiscal policy – Fisher equation – Fisher separation theorem – Forecasting – Fractional-reserve banking – Free good – Free-rider problem – Free trade – Friedman rule – Full-reserve banking


G

* Game theory -Gandhian economics – General equilibrium – Geographical pricing – Georgism – Gerschenkron effect – Giffen good – Gini coefficient – Global game – Globalization – Gold standard – Good (economics) – Goodhart's law – Government debt – Government-granted monopoly – Gresham's law – Gross domestic product – Gross national product – Gross private domestic investment – Gross value added – Growth accounting - Green marketing


H

* Happiness economics – Harris–Todaro model – Hauser's Law – Hedonic regression – Herfindahl index – Heterodox economics – Historical school of economics – History of economic thought – Home economics – Homo economicus – Hotelling's law – Human capital – Human Development Index – Human development theory – Human resources – Hyperinflation


I

* Identity economics – Imperfect competition – Implied in fact contract – Import – Import substitution industrialization – Imputation (economics) – Incentive – Income – Income effect – Income elasticity of demand (YED) – Income inequality metrics – Income tax – Independent goods – Indifference curve – Indigo Era (economics) – Individual capital – Induced demand – Industrial organization – Industrial policy – Industrial Revolution – Industrialisation – Inferior good – Inflation – Informal sector – Information asymmetry – Information economics – Infrastructural capital – Input–output model – Institutional economics – Instructional capital – Interest – Interest rate parity – International economics – international finance – International trade – International Year of Microcredit – Intertemporal choice – Intertemporal equilibrium – Investment – Investment (macroeconomics) – Investment policy – Investment specific technological progress – Invisible hand – Islamic economic jurisprudence – IS/LM model – Isoquant – Ithaca Hours


J

* Jane Jacobs – JEL classification codes – Job hunting – Joint product pricing – Just price


K

* Kaldor-Hicks efficiency – Keynesian economics – Keynesian formula – Knowledge economy


L

* Labor theory of value – Labour economics – Labor union – Laffer curve – Laissez-faire – Land (economics) – Land value tax – Law and economics – Legal origins theory – Lerman ratio – Limit price – List of unsolved problems in economics – List of topics in industrial organization – Lemon market – Living wage – Local currency – Local purchasing – Lorenz curve – Low-carbon economy – Lucas critique – Luxury goods


M

* Macroeconomics – Making-up price – Managerial economics – Marginal cost – Marginal rate of substitution – Marginal revenue – Marginal utility – Marginalism – Market (economics), Market – Market anomaly – Market concentration – Market economy – Market failure – Market for lemons – Market power – Market share – Market structure – Market system – Markup rule – Marxian economics – Mathematical economics – Means of production – Measures of national income and output – Mechanism (sociology) – Medium of exchange – Mental accounting – Menu cost – Mercantilism – Merger simulation – Methodenstreit – Methodological individualism – Microcredit – Microeconomics – Minimum wage – Missing market – Model (macroeconomics) – Modern portfolio theory – Modigliani–Miller theorem – Monetarism – Monetary economics – Monetary policy – Monetary reform – Money – Money creation – Money multiplier – Money supply – Monopoly – Monopoly profit – Monopsony – Moral hazard


N

* NAIRU – Nakamura number – Nanoeconomics – Nash equilibrium – National Income and Product Accounts – Natural capital – Natural Capitalism – Natural monopoly – Natural resource economics – Neoclassical economics – Neo-Keynesian economics – Neoliberalism – Net investment – Network effect – Neuroeconomics – New classical macroeconomics – New Keynesian economics – Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences – Normal good - Nominal effective exchange rate


O

* Okun's law – Oligopoly – Oligopsony – Operations research – Opportunity cost – Ordinary least squares – Output (economics) – Overhead (business)


P

* Pacman conjecture – Parable of the broken window – Pareto efficiency – Participatory economics – Peltzman effect – Perfect competition – Perspectives on Capitalism – Petrocurrency – Phillips curve – Pigovian tax – Pluralism in economics – Policy-ineffectiveness proposition – Political economy – Potential output – Poverty – Poverty threshold – Preference – Price control – Price discrimination – Price elasticity of demand – Price point – Price specie flow mechanism – Principal–agent problem – ''Principles of Economics (disambiguation), Principles of Economics'' – Prisoner's dilemma – Product bundling – Production function – Production-possibility frontier – Production theory basics – Productivism – Productivity – Profit (economics) – Profit maximization – Property rights (economics) – Prospect theory – Public choice theory – Public bad – Public good (economics), Public good – Purchasing power parity


Q

* Quality of life – Quasi-market – Quantitative easing – Quantity theory of money


R

* Rate of return pricing – Rational choice theory – Rational expectations – Rational pricing – Reaganomics – Real business-cycle theory – Real estate economics – Real estate investor – Real versus nominal value (economics) – Recession – Regenerative economic theory – Regional economics – Regression analysis – Remanufacturing – Rent control – Representative agent – Repugnancy costs – Reserve currency – Ricardian equivalence – Risk premium – Risk-free bond – Risk-free interest rate – Road pricing – Robin Hood effect - Real sectors


S

* Safe trade – Sales tax – Saving – Scarcity – Search theory – Self-revelation – Seven generation sustainability – Shock therapy (economics) – Signalling (economics) – Singer-Prebisch thesis – Slavery – Social capital – Social cost – Social Credit – Social finance – Social mobility – Social welfare function – Social welfare provision – Socialism – Socialist economics – Socioeconomics – Specialization (functional) – Spending multiplier – Stagflation – Standard of deferred payment – Standard of living – Stock exchange – Store of value – Strategic complements – Subgame perfect equilibrium – Subjective theory of value – Subsidy – Subsistence agriculture – Substitute good – Substitution effect – Sunk costs – Sunspot equilibrium – Sunspots (economics) – Supermodular function – Supply and demand – Supply-side economics – Surplus value – Sustainable development – Sweatshop


T

* Tariff – Tax – Tax, tariff and trade – Taylor rule – Technostructure – Terms of trade – Theory of the firm – Time-based currency – Time preference – Total cost of ownership – Trade – Trade bloc – Trade facilitation – Trade pact – Tragedy of the anticommons – Tragedy of the commons – Transaction cost – Transfer payment – Transfer pricing – Transformation problem – Transparency (market) – Transport economics – Triple bottom line – Trust (social sciences) – Two-part tariff – Tying (commerce)


U

* Underground economy – Uneconomic growth – Unemployment – Unionization – Unit of account – United States public debt – Universe (economics) – Urban economics – Utilitarianism – Utility – Utility maximization problem


V

* Value (economics) – Value added – Value added tax – Value of life – Veblen good – Velocity of money – Virtuous circle and vicious circle – von Neumann-Morgenstern utility function


W

* Wage – Wealth – Wealth effect – Welfare – Welfare economics – Welfare trap – Workers' self-management


X

* X-efficiency


Y

* Yield (finance) – YOYO economics


Z

* Zero-sum


See also

*
Economics Economics () is the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Economics focuses on the behaviour and interactions of economic agents and how economies work. Microeconomics analyzes ...
* Glossary of economics * List of accounting topics * List of business law topics * List of business theorists * List of community topics * List of economic communities * List of economic reports by U.S. government agencies * List of free trade agreements * List of international trade topics * List of management topics * List of marketing topics * List of production functions * List of production topics * List of recessions in the United States * List of scholarly journals in economics * List of topics in industrial organization {{Economics Economics, *Index Economics lists, * Indexes of business topics, Economics Wikipedia indexes, Economics