''Il teatro alla moda'' (The Fashionable Theater) is a satirical pamphlet in which its author, the Venetian composer

Benedetto Marcello Benedetto Giacomo Marcello (; 31 July or 1 August 1686 – 24 July 1739) was an Italian composer, writer, advocate, magistrate, and teacher. Life Born in Venice, Benedetto Marcello was a member of a noble family and in his compositions he is f ...

(1686–1739), vents his critical opinions on the ''milieu'' of the Italian ''

opera seria ''Opera seria'' (; plural: ''opere serie''; usually called ''dramma per musica'' or ''melodramma serio'') is an Italian musical term which refers to the noble and "serious" style of Italian opera that predominated in Europe from the 1710s to abo ...

'' in the first decades of the eighteenth century. It was first published anonymously in

Venice Venice ( ; it, Venezia ; vec, Venesia or ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto Regions of Italy, region. It is built on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 ...

, by the end of 1720. Virtually every aspect of ''opera seria'' and its social environment is mercilessly criticized by Marcello: the

artificiality Artificiality (the state of being artificial or manmade) is the state of being the product of intentional human manufacture, rather than occurring naturally through processes not involving or requiring human activity. Connotations Artificiality ...

of plots, the stereotyped format of music, the extravagant scenography and machinery, the inability and venality of composers and poets, the vanity and vulgarity of singers, the avidity of impresarios, the ineptitude of musicians. The full title reads "THE FASHIONABLE THEATER – OR – safe and easy METHOD for correctly composing and performing Italian OPERAS in the modern style, – In which – useful and necessary Advice is given to Librettists, Composers, Musicians of both sexes, Impresarios, Performers, Engineers, and Scene Painters, comic Characters, Tailors, Pages, Dancers, Prompters, Copyists, Protectors, and MOTHERS of female Virtuoso singers, & other People belonging to Theater." In fact, ''Il teatro alla moda'' is written as a series of chapters where advice is ironically given to the various people involved in operatic productions, in order to meet "the modern customs" and bizarre requirements of such theatrical events. Besides the title, the frontispiece contains several allusions to well-known protagonists of the Venetian theater of the time. For instance, the publisher's name "Aldiviva Licante" refers, by means of anagrams, both to

Antonio Vivaldi Antonio Lucio Vivaldi (4 March 1678 – 28 July 1741) was an Italian composer, virtuoso violinist and impresario of Baroque music. Regarded as one of the greatest Baroque composers, Vivaldi's influence during his lifetime was widespread a ...

, then very famous as an opera composer, and to the singer

Caterina Canteli Caterina is a feminine given name which is an Italian and Catalan form of the name ''Katherine''. Notable people with the name include: In music: * Caterina Assandra, Italian composer and Benedictine nun * Caterina Bueno, Italian singer and folk ...

. The text of ''Il teatro alla moda'' displays several striking features. To begin with, it shows a degree of vacillation in attitude toward its subject – perhaps resulting from Marcello's personal ambivalence regarding operatic music, as both a critic and a composer. For example, the dedicatory is by "the author of the book to its composer." In addition, it exhibits a number of surrealistic elements, which reach a climax in the last chapter, "The Raffle" (presumably organized by the mother of a young female singer), where the prizes include "a full dress of modern poet in fever-colored tree bark, wrapped with metaphors, translations, hyperboles" as well as "the pen that wrote ''Il teatro alla moda''." The printing accompanies these peculiarities with a chaotic use of italic and normal typography and of capital fonts.

Translated excerpts (typography preserved)

"To the Poets – In the first place, the ''modern'' Poet should not have read and should never read the ancient Authors, ''Latin'' or ''Greek''. And this is because the ancient ''Greeks'' or ''Latins'' have never read the ''moderns''." "To the Music Composers – The ''modern'' Music Composer should possess no knowledge about the ''Rules'' of good composition, except for some principle of universal practice... He should not understand the ''numeric Musical Proportions'', nor the optimal effect of ''contrary Motions'', or the ''bad Relation'' of ''Tritones'' and ''augmented Intervals''." "To the Singers – It is not necessary that the VIRTUOSO can ''read'', or ''write'', or have a ''good pronunciation of vowels, and of single and double Consonants, or understand the sense of Words'', etc., but it is better if he mistakes ''Senses, Letters, Syllables'', etc., in order to perform ''Ornaments, Trills, Appoggiature, very long Cadences'', etc. etc. etc." "To the Mothers of Female Singers – When the ''Girls'' have an audition with the Impresario, ''they'' (the mothers) ''will move the mouth with them'', will ''prompt'' them the usual ''Ornaments'' and ''Trills'' and, asked about the age of the ''Virtuosa'', will cut down at least ''ten years''."

Translated excerpts (typography preserved)

Further reading