History Of Hanoi

The following is a timeline of the history of Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam:

Prehistory

*  BCE — The Bronze-Age Dong Son culture of the Lac people occupies the Red River valley

Van Lang

*  BCE — According to much later sources, the area of present-day Hanoi formed part of the Giao Chỉ region of Van Lang
*  BCE — The Âu Việt, united under the Shu emigrant Shu Pan ('), invade and conquer Van Lang

Au Lac

*  BCE — Co Loa established by Shu Pan in the present city's Dong Anh district to serve as the capital of the unified kingdom of Au Lac

Qin Empire

* 214 BCE — The First Emperor begins his campaign against the Baiyue (') people of the south
* 208 BCE — General Zhao Tuo (') defeats Shu Pan and takes Co Loa, incorporating it into his Nanhai Commandery

Nanyue

* 204 BCE — Zhao Tuo declares his realm the independent kingdom of Nanyue (')
* 196 BCE — Lu Jia secures the nominal submission of Nanyue to Han
* 179 BCE — By this point, Nanyue's lands in the Red River valley have been organized as the commandery of Jiaozhi (')

Han Empire

* 111 BCE — The commander of Jiaozhi submits to Han following Lu Bode's razing of the capital Panyu, remaining in his post and beginning the " First Northern Domination" of Vietnam.
* 208 CE — Longbian (') erected in its eponymous district
* 226 — A Roman embassy arrives

Liu Song Empire

* 454 464 — Songping ( Tong Binh) established by the Liu Song on the south bank of the Red River in Hanoi's Tu Liem and Hoai Duc districts

Van Xuan

* 544 — Long Biên serves as the capital of Ly Bi's realm of Van Xuan

Tang Empire

* 621 — Longbian and Songping briefly elevated to prefectural status as Longzhou and Songzhou
* 722 — Songping falls to Mai Thúc Loan
* late 8th century — Zhang Boyi erects Luocheng (', "Enclosing Wall d City) in the present city's Ba Dinh district
* early 9th century — Luocheng renamed Jincheng (', "Golden Wall d City)
* 866 — Gao Pian, the local ''jiedushi'', expands the fortress at Jincheng and renames it Da Luocheng (', "Big Enclosing Wall d City)

Dai Viet

* 1010 — Luocheng renamed Thang Long with the erection of its Imperial Citadel and dedication as the capital of the Lý dynasty.
* Quán Thánh Temple built.
* 1049 — One Pillar Pagoda built.
* 1070 — Temple of Literature built.
* 1076 — Imperial Academy established.

Medieval period

* 1225 — City becomes capital of the Trần dynasty.
* 1258, 1285 and 1288 — the city had been sacked and burned by Mongol. All previous constructions were destroyed as the city was rebuilt later.
* 15th century — Temple of the Jade Mountain and Quán Sứ Temple built.
* 1408 — City renamed ''Dōngguān'' (, "Eastern Gateway"; Đông Quan in Vietnamese) by the Chinese Ming dynasty.
* 1428 — City renamed Đông Kinh (, as known by Westerners as ''Tonkin''.
* 1573 — "Foggy Lake" renamed West Lake.
* 1615 — Trấn Quốc Pagoda relocated to West Lake.
* 1656 — Láng Temple renovated.
* 1686 — Perfume Pagoda expanded.
* 1730s — Trúc Lâm Palace built at Trúc Bạch Lake.
* 1802 — Vietnamese capital relocated to Huế. Most royal palaces were destroyed during the previous Tay Son rebellion (1771—1789).
* 1812 — Flag Tower built.
* 1831 — City renamed Hà Nội (, "Between Rivers" or "River Interior") by Nguyễn emperor Minh Mạng.

French occupation (19th-20th c.)

* 1873 — November 20: Francis Garnier of France takes citadel.
* 1874 — French concession granted per treaty.
* 1882 — French occupation begins.
* 1883
** May 19: Battle of Cầu Giấy (Paper Bridge) fought near city.
** August 15: Battle of Phủ Hoài fought near city.
* 1884 — ''L'Avenir du Tonkin'' French newspaper begins publication.
* 1886
** Kinh Thien Palace built.
** Turtle Tower built in Hoàn Kiếm Lake.
* 1887 — Banque de l'Indochine branch opens.
* 1888 — St. Joseph's Cathedral built.
* 1889 — City area expanded with land from Tho Xuong and Vinh Thuan districts.
* 1890
** Steamboat begins operating on the Red River.
** Racecourse opens.
* 1894 — Lanessan Hospital built for French military.
* 1898
** Hỏa Lò Prison built.
** Geological Museum established.
* 1900 — École française d'Extrême-Orient headquartered in Hanoi.
* 1902
** City becomes capital of French Indochina.
** Hanoi Railway Station opens.
** Indochina Medical College founded.
** Indo China Exposition Française et Internationale (world's fair) held.
** Population: 150,000.
* 1903 — Long Biên Bridge constructed.
* 1906
** Presidential Palace built.
** University of Indochina established.
* 1908 — Collège du Protectorat established.
* 1910
** Phùng Khoang Church built.
** Museum of archaeology and ethnology organized.
* 1911 — Hanoi Opera House built.
* 1917
** Indochinese Central Archives set up.
** Bach Mai Airfield constructed.
* 1919 — Lycée Albert Sarraut and Bibliothèque Centrale Hanoi established.
* 1925 — Ecole des Beaux-arts d'Indochine opens.
* 1926 — Musee Louis Finot established.
* 1929 — March: Vietnamese Communist Party organized on Ham Long Street.
* 1930
** Provisional Vietnamese Communist Party headquartered on Tho Nhuom Street.
** Đồng tử quân youth scouting group formed.
* 1932 — Cửa Bắc Church built.
* 1934 — Hàm Long Church built.
* 1936
** Gia Lam Airfield constructed.
** Indochina Communist Party headquartered on Phung Hung Street.

Japanese occupation

* 1941 — December 7: Japanese occupation begins.
* 1942 — Hoan Long District (now Ba Đình District) becomes part of city.

French reoccupation

* 1945
** Japanese occupation ends.
** September 2: Ho Chi Minh reads the Proclamation of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in Ba Đình Square.
** Vietnam National University and National Library of Vietnam established.
** Voice of Vietnam begins broadcasting.
** Tran Van Lai becomes mayor.
* 1946
** March 2: National Assembly meets in the Great Theatre.
** December 19: Battle of Hanoi begins.
* 1947 — February 17: Battle of Hanoi ends; French in power.
* 1951 — Hanoi National University of Education established.

Democratic Republic of Vietnam

* 1954
** City becomes capital of independent North Vietnam.
** People's Open Air Theatre active.
** Hanoi Radio begins broadcasting.
* 1955 — College of Foreign Languages founded.
* 1956 — Vietnam School of Music, University of Agriculture and Forestry, and Hanoi University of Science and Technology established.
* 1958
** National Museum of Vietnamese History established.
** Thanh Niên Road constructed between Trúc Bạch Lake and West Lake.
* 1959
** Vietnam Museum of Revolution, Hanoi University of Foreign Studies, and Electricity Water Resources Academy established.
** Vietnam Military History Museum inaugurated.
* 1960
** Foreign Trade University and Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hanoi established.
** Population: 414,620 city; 643,576 urban agglomeration.
* 1961
** Cultural College of Hanoi established.
** School of Public Administration in operation.
* 1962 — National Archives Center #1 established.
* 1965 — Residents begin evacuating city on threat of airstrikes by United States forces.
* 1966
** June 29: Aerial bombing outside city by United States forces.
** Vietnam National Museum of Fine Arts inaugurated.
** Le Quy Don Technical University established.
* 1967
** Aerial bombing by U.S.; air battles between U.S. and North Vietnamese forces.
** D67 underground command bunker installed at Kinh Thien Palace.
* 1968 — ''Hànội mói'' newspaper in publication.
* 1969 — Hanoi Architectural University and Foreign Language Specialized School established.
* 1970 — Vietnam Television begins broadcasting.
* 1972
** April: Bombing by United States forces.
** December: Aerial bombing by United States forces.
* 1974 — Central Secondary School of Archives and Office Skills established.
* 1975 — Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum inaugurated.
* 1976 — City becomes capital of Socialist Republic of Vietnam.
* 1978 — Noi Bai International Airport opens.
* 1979 — Population: 879,500.
* 1980 — Hanoi Institute of Theatre and Cinema founded.
* 1984 — Vietnam National Symphony Orchestra revived.
* 1985
** Chương Dương Bridge built.
** Hanoi – Amsterdam High School established.
* 1988 — Vietnam-Russia Tropical Centre headquartered in Hanoi.
* 1989 — Population: 1,089,760 city; 3,056,146 urban agglomeration.
* 1990 — Ho Chi Minh Museum established.
* 1992 — Population: 1,073,760.
* 1993
** Vietnam War Memorial erected.
** Hanoi University of Science in operation.
** Mai art gallery opens.
* 1995
** Institut de la Francophonie pour l'Informatique founded.
** Vietnamese Women's Museum dedicated.
* 1997
** Vietnam Museum of Ethnology opens.
** November: Organisation internationale de la Francophonie summit held.
* 1998
** March 24: Turtle sighting in Hoàn Kiếm Lake.
** Hàng Đẫy Stadium opens.
** Hanoi Garden opens.
* 1999 — Population: 1,523,936.

21st century

* 2001 — Trang Tien Plaza (shopping center) in business.
* 2002 — National Archives Center #3 opens.
* 2003
** Mỹ Đình National Stadium opens in Từ Liêm District.
** November: City hosts meeting of Asian Network of Major Cities 21.
* 2005 — Hanoi Securities Trading Center launched.
* 2006
** Vietnam National Convention Center built in Từ Liêm District.
** FPT University established.
** November: Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation meeting held.
* 2008
** Hanoi Capital Region created to include 29 districts; population expands to 6,232,940.
** Thanh Trì Bridge and Vĩnh Tuy Bridge constructed.
** Ba Dinh Hall demolished.
* 2009 — October–November: 2009 Asian Indoor Games held.
* 2010
** July: 2010 Asian Junior Athletics Championships held.
** October: Millennial Anniversary of Hanoi.
** Hanoi Museum opens.
* 2011 — Keangnam Hanoi Landmark Tower built.

See also

* Hanoi history
* Districts of Hanoi
* List of Buddhist temples in Hanoi
* List of historical capitals of Vietnam
* Media of Vietnam

References

Bibliography

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External links

{{Years in Vietnam

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