Herrand (died 23/24 October 1102) was a German prelate who served as abbot of Ilsenburg (–1090) and

bishop of Halberstadt The Diocese of Halberstadt was a Roman Catholic diocese (german: Bistum Halberstadt) from 804 until 1648.

Swabia Swabia ; german: Schwaben , colloquially ''Schwabenland'' or ''Ländle''; archaic English also Suabia or Svebia is a cultural, historic and linguistic region in southwestern Germany. The name is ultimately derived from the medieval Duchy of ...

around 1040. He belonged to a prominent family that produced several leading churchmen. One of his predecessors, Burchard II of Halberstadt, was his uncle and the Archbishops

Anno II of Cologne Anno II ( – 4 December 1075) was Archbishop of Cologne from 1056 until his death. From 1063 to 1065 he acted as regent of the Holy Roman Empire for the minor Emperor Henry IV. Anno is venerated as a saint of the Catholic Church. Life He was b ...

and

Werner of Magdeburg Werner of Steusslingen (died 7 August 1078) was the archbishop of Magdeburg from 1063 until his death. His episcopate was dominated by the Investiture Contest. He was an ally of King Henry IV of Germany until 1073, when he joined the first Saxon r ...

were his great uncles on his father's side. Herrand was originally a monk of

Gorze Abbey Gorze Abbey was a Benedictine monastery in Gorze in the present arrondissement of Metz, near Metz in Lorraine. It was prominent as the source of a monastic reform movement in the 930s. History Gorze Abbey was founded in around 757 by Bishop Chro ...

. He was sent to reform Saint Burchard's in Würzburg. His uncle appointed him schoolmaster of

Halberstadt Cathedral The Halberstadt Cathedral or Church of St Stephen and St Sixtus (german: Dom zu Halberstadt) is a Gothic church in Halberstadt in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It was the episcopal see of the Bishopric of Halberstadt, established by Emperor Charlemagne ...

and by 1070 he was abbot of Ilsenburg. He reformed the monastery and helped to re-establish the monastery of

Huysburg Huysburg (; german: Kloster Huysburg) is a Order of Saint Benedict, Benedictine monastery situated on the Huy (hills), Huy hill range near Halberstadt, in the Germany, German state of Saxony-Anhalt. The Romanesque architecture, Romanesque abbey has ...

in 1076. After Burchard's death in 1088, he was elected bishop. Hillersleben_2014_0005

Owing to the

Investiture Contest The Investiture Controversy, also called Investiture Contest (German: ''Investiturstreit''; ), was a conflict between the Church and the state in medieval Europe over the ability to choose and install bishops (investiture) and abbots of monast ...

, Herrand was unable even to enter the city, which was controlled by partisans of the

Emperor Henry IV Henry IV (german: Heinrich IV; 11 November 1050 – 7 August 1106) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1084 to 1105, King of Germany from 1054 to 1105, King of Italy and Burgundy from 1056 to 1105, and Duke of Bavaria from 1052 to 1054. He was the son ...

. He was consecrated by

Pope Urban II Pope Urban II ( la, Urbanus II; – 29 July 1099), otherwise known as Odo of Châtillon or Otho de Lagery, was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 12 March 1088 to his death. He is best known for convening th ...

in Rome on 19 January 1094 and took the name Stephen.Ian S. Robinson, ''Henry IV of Germany, 1056–1106'' (Cambridge University Press, 2004

999 999 or triple nine most often refers to: * 999 (emergency telephone number), a telephone number for the emergency services in several countries * 999 (number), an integer * AD 999, a year * 999 BC, a year Books * ''999'' (anthology) or ''999: T ...

, pp. 267n, 293, 303.Ian S. Robinson, ''Authority and Resistance in the Investiture Contest: The Polemical Literature of the Late Eleventh Century'' (Manchester University Press, 1978), p. 169, 101–102. In 1096, he established a subject to Ilsenburg Abbey. Around 1100, he arranged for the monks of Ilsenburg to be moved to when they came under threat.Eva Haverkamp, "What Did the Christians Know? Latin Reports on the Persecutions of Jews in 1096", ''Crusades'' 7 (2008): 59–86, at 68–69. He himself took refuge in

Magdeburg Magdeburg (; nds, label=Low Saxon, Meideborg ) is the capital and second-largest city of the German state Saxony-Anhalt. The city is situated at the Elbe river. Otto I, the first Holy Roman Emperor and founder of the Archdiocese of Magdebur ...

and later lived as a monk in Reinhardsbrunn Abbey, where he died.

Works

The reformed monastic customs which Herrand pioneered in

Saxony Saxony (german: Sachsen ; Upper Saxon: ''Saggsn''; hsb, Sakska), officially the Free State of Saxony (german: Freistaat Sachsen, links=no ; Upper Saxon: ''Freischdaad Saggsn''; hsb, Swobodny stat Sakska, links=no), is a landlocked state of ...

, based on those of Gorze and the

Cluniac Reform The Cluniac Reforms (also called the Benedictine Reform) were a series of changes within medieval monasticism of the Western Church focused on restoring the traditional monastic life, encouraging art, and caring for the poor. The movement began wi ...

, are known as the ''Ordo Ilseneburgensis''. Beyond the houses which Herrand reformed directly, their influence was felt at Reinhardsbrunn (from 1084),

Admont Admont is a town in the Austrian state of Styria. It is historically most notable for Admont Abbey, a monastery founded in 1074. Gesäuse National Park, in which Admont lies, is an area of outstanding beauty. The town is situated in the middle of ...

(1091) and (). Herrand wrote several works which are

lost Lost may refer to getting lost, or to: Geography *Lost, Aberdeenshire, a hamlet in Scotland * Lake Okeechobee Scenic Trail, or LOST, a hiking and cycling trail in Florida, US History *Abbreviation of lost work, any work which is known to have bee ...

or fragmentary. During his time in Ilsenburg, he kept yearbooks which were used as sources by the Saxon Annalist,

Helmold of Bosau Helmold of Bosau (ca. 1120 – after 1177) was a Saxon historian of the 12th century and a priest at Bosau near Plön. He was a friend of the two bishops of Oldenburg in Holstein, Vicelinus (died 1154) and Gerold (died 1163), who did much to ...

and the compilers of the ''

Annals of Pöhlde The ''Annales Palidenses'' (german: Pöhlder Annalen or ''Pöhlder Chronik'') are a set of medieval annals written in Latin in the late 12th century. The manuscripts probably arose at the Premonstratensian monastery of Pöhlde in the Harz region, ...

'', the '' Annals of Harsefeld'', the and the . His ''Passio Burchardi'', an account of the death of Burchard II, is excerpted by the Saxon Annalist. It otherwise survives only in a fragmentary copy of the 17th century. Herrand also wrote a sermon on Burchard and a treatise "on hope", ''De spera'', both now lost. A letter he wrote to Bishop

Walram of Naumburg Walram or Galeran (died 12 April 1111) was the bishop of Naumburg from 1090 or 1091 until his death. He was involved in the Investiture Contest. He initially supported the emperor, but switched to the pope's side by 1105. He corresponded with Ansel ...

survives in a 12th-century manuscript. In 1094 or 1095, Walram, who belonged to Henry IV's party, wrote to persuade Count

Louis the Springer Louis the Springer (german: Ludwig der Springer), sometimes called Louis the Jumper or Louis the Leaper (died 8 May 1123), was a German nobleman and count in Thuringia from 1056 until his death. Little is known about him, although he is mentioned ...

to change sides. At Louis's request, Herrand penned a response, the ''Epistola de causa Heinrici regis'' ("Letter on the Case of King Henry").Leidulf Melve, ''Inventing the Public Sphere: The Public Debate During the Investiture Contest (c. 1030–1122)'' (Brill, 2007), p. 91.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Herrand 11th-century births 1102 deaths German abbots Benedictine abbots Benedictine bishops Roman Catholic bishops of Halberstadt Investiture Controversy Year of birth unknown