{{Infobox noble, type , name = Harriet Windsor-Clive , title = Baroness Windsor , image = St Fagans National History Museum 213.JPG , caption = St Fagans Castle , alt = , CoA = , more = no , succession = , reign = , reign-type = , predecessor = Other Archer Windsor, Lord Windsor , successor = Robert Windsor-Clive, The Lord Windsor , suc-type = , spouse = Hon.

Robert Clive Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive, (29 September 1725 – 22 November 1774), also known as Clive of India, was the first British Governor of the Bengal Presidency. Clive has been widely credited for laying the foundation of the British ...

MP , spouse-type = , issue = , issue-link = , issue-pipe = , full name = , styles = , titles = , noble family = , house-type = , father = Other Hickman Windsor, Earl of Plymouth , mother = Hon. Sarah Windsor (née Archer) , birth_date = {{Birth date, 1797, 07, 30, df=yes , birth_place =

London London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a majo ...

, christening_date = , christening_place = , death_date = {{Death date and age, 1869, 11, 09, 1797, 07, 30, df=yes , death_place =

St Leonards-on-Sea St Leonards-on-Sea (commonly known as St Leonards) is a town and seaside resort in the Borough of Hastings in East Sussex, England. It has been part of the borough since the late 19th century and lies to the west of central Hastings. The origina ...

Sussex Sussex (), from the Old English (), is a historic county in South East England that was formerly an independent medieval Anglo-Saxon kingdom. It is bounded to the west by Hampshire, north by Surrey, northeast by Kent, south by the English ...

, burial_date = 16 November 1869 , burial_place =

Bromfield, Shropshire Bromfield is a village and civil parish in Shropshire, England. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 306, which had fallen to 277 at the 2011 census. Location Bromfield is located near the market town of Ludlow, two miles (3 ...

, religion = , occupation = , memorials = , url = , module = Harriet Windsor-Clive, Baroness Windsor (30 July 1797 – 9 November 1869){{cite web , title=Harriet Windsor, Baroness Windsor , url=http://thepeerage.com/p2473.htm#i24728 , publisher=ThePeerage.com , accessdate= 27 February 2016 was a landowner and wealthy benefactor in the

Penarth Penarth (, ) is a town and Community (Wales), community in the Vale of Glamorgan ( cy, Bro Morgannwg), Wales, exactly south of Cardiff city centre on the west shore of the Severn Estuary at the southern end of Cardiff Bay. Penarth is a weal ...

and

Cardiff Cardiff (; cy, Caerdydd ) is the capital and largest city of Wales. It forms a principal area, officially known as the City and County of Cardiff ( cy, Dinas a Sir Caerdydd, links=no), and the city is the eleventh-largest in the United Kingd ...

area of

South Wales South Wales ( cy, De Cymru) is a loosely defined region of Wales bordered by England to the east and mid Wales to the north. Generally considered to include the historic counties of Glamorgan and Monmouthshire, south Wales extends westwards ...

. She is probably best known for developing

Penarth Dock Penarth Dock was a port and harbour which was located on the south bank of the mouth of the River Ely, at Penarth, Glamorgan, Wales. It opened in 1865 and reached its heyday before World War I, after which followed a slow decline until clos ...

in competition with the

Marquess of Bute Marquess of the County of Bute, shortened in general usage to Marquess of Bute, is a title in the Peerage of Great Britain. It was created in 1796 for John Stuart, 1st Marquess of Bute, John Stuart, 4th Earl of Bute. Family history John Stuart ...

's docks in Cardiff and for her charitable donations in the area. A daughter of the 5th Earl of Plymouth, she was granted the title 13th Baroness Windsor in 1855 after the deaths of her sister and brother.

Background

Harriet Windsor was born on 30 July 1797 in

the third child and second daughter of Other Hickman Windsor, the Earl of Plymouth.{{cite web , title=Other Hickman Windsor, 5th Earl of Plymouth , url=http://thepeerage.com/p2803.htm#i28021 , publisher=ThePeerage.com , accessdate= 27 February 2016 In 1819 she married Robert Henry Clive, a

Member of Parliament A member of parliament (MP) is the representative in parliament of the people who live in their electoral district. In many countries with bicameral parliaments, this term refers only to members of the lower house since upper house members of ...

for

Ludlow Ludlow () is a market town in Shropshire, England. The town is significant in the history of the Welsh Marches and in relation to Wales. It is located south of Shrewsbury and north of Hereford, on the A49 road which bypasses the town. The t ...

Shropshire Shropshire (; alternatively Salop; abbreviated in print only as Shrops; demonym Salopian ) is a landlocked historic county in the West Midlands region of England. It is bordered by Wales to the west and the English counties of Cheshire to th ...

. Clive died in 1854 and, in 1855 (after the death of her elder sister) Harriet Clive was granted the title 13th Baroness Windsor, after the title had been held in abeyance since 1833. She legally changed her name to Harriet Windsor-Clive in November 1855. After the sudden death of their brother the 6th Earl of Plymouth in 1833, Harriet and her sister Maria had become co-heiresses of their father's estate, known as the Plymouth Estate. It covered the land in

Glamorgan , HQ = Cardiff , Government = Glamorgan County Council (1889–1974) , Origin= , Code = GLA , CodeName = Chapman code , Replace = * West Glamorgan * Mid Glamorgan * South Glamorgan , Motto ...

on which the town of

and the Cardiff suburb of Grangetown are now built. It also included St Fagans Castle, the family's seat in the area.{{cite web , title=About Baroness Windsor , url=http://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/transformingsociety/tradeindustry/importexport/glamorgan-case-study/time-and-tide/baroness-windsor/about-baroness-windsor/ , publisher=UK Parliament , accessdate= 27 February 2016 With Harriet being the favourite sister, the bulk of the Plymouth Estate was left to her, including

Hewell Grange Hewell Grange is a former country house in Tardebigge, Worcestershire, England. "One of the most important late 19th century country houses in England", the mansion was built between 1884 and 1891 by George Frederick Bodley and Thomas Garner fo ...

Worcestershire Worcestershire ( , ; written abbreviation: Worcs) is a county in the West Midlands of England. The area that is now Worcestershire was absorbed into the unified Kingdom of England in 927, at which time it was constituted as a county (see His ...

and St Fagans Castle. Previously living in

Essex Essex () is a county in the East of England. One of the home counties, it borders Suffolk and Cambridgeshire to the north, the North Sea to the east, Hertfordshire to the west, Kent across the estuary of the River Thames to the south, and G ...

, Harriet moved to Cardiff while the

St Fagans St Fagans ( ; cy, Sain Ffagan) is a village and community in the west of the city of Cardiff, capital of Wales. It is home to the St Fagans National History Museum. History The name of the area invokes Saint Fagan, according to William of Malm ...

property was restored. When the restoration was complete, they lived at Hewell Grange but visited St Fagans frequently."Death of the Baroness Windsor", ''The Cardiff and Merthyr Guardian'', 13 November 1869, p. 5 "Other Archer ... died in 1833 without issue. He had two sisters, Lady Maria, Marchioness of Downshire, and Lady Harriet Clive, who was his favourite sister, and to her he left the bulk of his property, one of the estates being Hewell Grange in Worcestershire. To her also he left St. Fagans Castle and the extensive domains belonging to the Windsor estate in this county..."

Business interests

Penarth Dock

In 1855 Baroness Windsor formed the Penarth Harbour Company to develop a

dock A dock (from Dutch language, Dutch ''dok'') is the area of water between or next to one or a group of human-made structures that are involved in the handling of boats or ships (usually on or near a shore) or such structures themselves. The ex ...

for Penarth on her land. She intended to compete with the new

Cardiff Docks Cardiff Docks ( cy, Dociau Caerdydd) is a port in southern Cardiff, Wales. At its peak, the port was one of the largest dock systems in the world with a total quayage of almost . Once the main port for the export of South Wales coal, the Port ...

{{cite web , title=The Penarth Mysteries: No 2 – The Buried Secrets Of Penarth's Plymouth Park , url=https://penarthnews.wordpress.com/2013/07/04/the-rotting-rubbish-beneath-penarth-marinas-green-is-still-costing-us-a-fortune/ , publisher=Penarth Daily News , accessdate=27 February 2016 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313082644/https://penarthnews.wordpress.com/2013/07/04/the-rotting-rubbish-beneath-penarth-marinas-green-is-still-costing-us-a-fortune/ , archive-date=13 March 2016 , url-status=dead which were being developed by the 2nd and 3rd Marquess of Bute. The docks, curving between Penarth Head and the

River Ely The River Ely ( cy, Afon Elái) is in South Wales flowing generally southeast, from Tonyrefail to Cardiff. The river is about long. The Ely's numerous sources lie in the mountains to the south of Tonypandy, near the town of Tonyrefail, ris ...

, were completed by 1865. Baroness Windsor was due to perform the opening ceremony on 10 June 1865, but failed to turn up in time to meet the high tide. The chairman of the

Taff Vale Railway The Taff Vale Railway (TVR) was a standard gauge railway in South Wales, built by the Taff Vale Railway Company to serve the iron and coal industries around Merthyr Tydfil and to connect them with docks in Cardiff. It was opened in stag ...

(who were lessees of the dock) made the baroness's excuses and performed the ceremony. Baroness Windsor petitioned (unsuccessfully) against the Bute Dock bills, but the Penarth Docks were a success all the same exporting 900,000 tons of coal a year by 1870.

Grangetown

In 1857 the Baroness obtained an Act to enable her to develop her lands on the Cardiff side of the River Ely. The new housing development was to be called The Grange, and is now known as Grangetown. One of the earliest

pub A pub (short for public house) is a kind of drinking establishment which is licensed to serve alcoholic drinks for consumption on the premises. The term ''public house'' first appeared in the United Kingdom in late 17th century, and was ...

s, operating from the 1860s until 2008 on Penarth Road, was called The Baroness Windsor.

Philanthropy

On her death, Baroness Windsor was praised her as "simple and unostentatious in her manner" and generous towards charitable causes, ''The Cardiff and Merthyr Guardian'' saying "In every movement which tended to the well-being of those around her, her large subscriptions expressed her sympathy with them"."Death Of The Baroness Windsor", ''The Cardiff and Merthyr Guardian'', 13 November 1869, p.5 "Simple and unostentatious in her manner, she strove in every possible way to increase the comforts of those around her... Her private donations were of the most extensive character, and but few... had any conception of the extent of her benevolence, or how many families were more or less dependent on her never-ceasing charity... In every movement which tended to the well-being of those around her, her large subscriptions expressed her sympathy with them. In the erection of churches, and in the restoration of old ones, no one equalled her ladyship." She paid for the construction of the Church of St Fagan,

Trecynon Trecynon is a village near Aberdare situated in the Cynon Valley, in Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales. It dates from the early nineteenth century and developed as a result of the opening of the Aberdare Ironworks at Llwydcoed in 1800. Etymology The s ...

near

Aberdare Aberdare ( ; cy, Aberdâr) is a town in the Cynon Valley area of Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales, at the confluence of the Rivers Dare (Dâr) and Cynon. Aberdare has a population of 39,550 (mid-2017 estimate). Aberdare is south-west of Merthyr Tyd ...

(1852–53) then, when it burnt down in 1856, paid for its construction a second time."Death Of The Baroness Windsor", ''The Cardiff and Merthyr Guardian'', 13 November 1869, p.5 "When Aberdare grew rapidly from the opening of the collieries of the district roundabout, she erected a church in the district of St. Fagans in that parish. Scarcely had it been completed when the overheating of a flue caused the timbers to take fire, and the whole building was quickly reduced to ashes. The Baroness, however, at her sole expense, built the church a second time." She contributed towards the restoration of a number of churches in the Cardiff area, including St Mary’s Church at St Fagans,

Radyr Radyr ( cy, Radur) is an outer suburb of Cardiff, about northwest of Cardiff city centre. Radyr is part of Radyr and Morganstown Community, for which the 2011 Census recorded a population of 6,417. Morganstown is north of Radyr, on the othe ...

's St John the Baptist and the

Cathedral A cathedral is a church that contains the '' cathedra'' () of a bishop, thus serving as the central church of a diocese, conference, or episcopate. Churches with the function of "cathedral" are usually specific to those Christian denomination ...

Llandaff Llandaff (; cy, Llandaf ; from 'church' and '' Taf'') is a district, community and coterminous electoral ward in the north of Cardiff, capital of Wales. It was incorporated into the city in 1922. It is the seat of the Bishop of Llandaff, whose ...

. The national schools at Aberdare and Penarth were also financed from her purse. Shortly before her death she financed the building of St Philip's Church in

Webheath Webheath is a district of Redditch, in Worcestershire, England. The district neighbours Batchley, Headless Cross and the village of Callow Hill. It is also near Feckenham and Astwood Bank. Webheath used to be a village but has recently been sw ...

, Redditch, including the three-lighted stained glass above the altar, however she died before its consecration in February 1870.

Death

Harriett Windsor-Clive died in

, on 9 November 1869, having been ill for a few months."Death Of The Baroness Windsor", ''The Cardiff and Merthyr Guardian'', 13 November 1869, p.5 With her eldest son having died earlier the same year, her estate was passed to her infant grandson, Robert Windsor-Clive who became The Baron Windsor and later the 1st Earl of Plymouth when the title was revived in 1905. She was buried on 16 November at the church of Bromfield,

, in a vault with her late husband and son. Shops were closed for part of the day in

Bromsgrove Bromsgrove is a town in Worcestershire, England, about northeast of Worcester and southwest of Birmingham city centre. It had a population of 29,237 in 2001 (39,644 in the wider Bromsgrove/Catshill urban area). Bromsgrove is the main town in the ...

and

Redditch Redditch is a town, and local government district, in north-east Worcestershire, England, approximately south of Birmingham. The district has a population of 85,000 as of 2019. In the 19th century, it became the international centre for the ...

.{{cite news, url=http://search.findmypast.co.uk/bna/viewarticle?id=bl%2f0000914%2f18691127%2f040 , title=Funeral Of The Baroness Windsor , work=The Cardiff and Merthyr Guardian , date=27 November 1869 , page=5 , via=

British Newspaper Archive The British Newspaper Archive web site provides access to searchable digitized archives of British and Irish newspapers. It was launched in November 2011. History The British Library Newspapers section was based in Colindale in north London, u ...

, url-access=subscription

References

{{reflist, 30em

Sources

* {{cite news, url=http://search.findmypast.co.uk/bna/viewarticle?id=bl%2f0000914%2f18691113%2f039 , title=Death Of The Baroness Windsor , work=The Cardiff and Merthyr Guardian , date=13 November 1869 , page=5 , via=

, url-access=subscription * {{Citation, author=John Newman , title=The Buildings of Wales: Glamorgan , publisher=University of Wales Press , year=1995 , isbn=0-14-071056-6 {{authority control {{s-start {{s-reg, en {{s-break {{s-vac, reason=Abeyant
last held by Other Windsor {{s-ttl, title= Baroness Windsor, years=1855–1869 {{s-aft, after= Robert Windsor-Clive {{s-end {{DEFAULTSORT:Windsor-Clive, Harriet 1797 births 1869 deaths Penarth Grangetown, Cardiff Spouses of British politicians Burials in Shropshire English baronesses 19th-century British philanthropists