Hanno II the Great ( xpu, 𐤇‬𐤍‬𐤀‬‬, ) was a wealthy Carthaginian aristocrat in the 3rd century BC. Hanno's wealth was based on the land he owned in

Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...

and the

Iberian Peninsula The Iberian Peninsula (), ** * Aragonese and Occitan: ''Peninsula Iberica'' ** ** * french: Péninsule Ibérique * mwl, Península Eibérica * eu, Iberiar penintsula also known as Iberia, is a peninsula in southwestern Europe, def ...

, and during the

First Punic War The First Punic War (264–241 BC) was the first of Punic Wars, three wars fought between Roman Republic, Rome and Ancient Carthage, Carthage, the two main powers of the western Mediterranean in the early 3rd century BC. For 23 years ...

he led the faction in Carthage that was opposed to continuing the war against

Roman Republic The Roman Republic ( la, Res publica Romana ) was a form of government of Rome and the era of the classical Roman civilization when it was run through public representation of the Roman people. Beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Ki ...

. He preferred to continue conquering territory in Africa rather than fight a naval war against

Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus ( legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...

that would bring him no personal gain. In these efforts, he was opposed by the Carthaginian general

Hamilcar Barca Hamilcar Barca or Barcas ( xpu, 𐤇𐤌𐤋𐤒𐤓𐤕𐤟𐤁𐤓𐤒, ''Ḥomilqart Baraq''; –228BC) was a Carthaginian general and statesman, leader of the Barcid family, and father of Hannibal, Hasdrubal and Mago. He was also father-i ...

. Hanno demobilized the Carthaginian navy in 244 BC, giving Rome time to rebuild its navy and finally defeat Carthage by 241 BC. After the war, Hanno refused to pay the Berber mercenaries who had been promised money and rewards by Hamilcar. The mercenaries revolted, and Hanno took control of the Carthaginian army to attempt to defeat them. His attempt failed and he gave control of the army back to Hamilcar. Eventually, they both cooperated to crush the rebels in 238 BC. His nickname "the Great" was apparently earned because of his conquests among the African enemies of Carthage,Who's Who in The Roman World, Routledge
retrieved 15 March 2011 and he continued to oppose war with Rome, which would necessarily involve naval engagements. During the

Second Punic War The Second Punic War (218 to 201 BC) was the second of three wars fought between Carthage and Rome, the two main powers of the western Mediterranean in the 3rd century BC. For 17 years the two states struggled for supremacy, primarily in Ital ...

, he led the

anti-war An anti-war movement (also ''antiwar'') is a social movement, usually in opposition to a particular nation's decision to start or carry on an armed conflict, unconditional of a maybe-existing just cause. The term anti-war can also refer to p ...

faction in Carthage, and is blamed for preventing reinforcements from being sent to Hamilcar's son

Hannibal Hannibal (; xpu, 𐤇𐤍𐤁𐤏𐤋, ''Ḥannibaʿl''; 247 – between 183 and 181 BC) was a Carthaginian general and statesman who commanded the forces of Carthage in their battle against the Roman Republic during the Second Pu ...

after his victory at the

Battle of Cannae The Battle of Cannae () was a key engagement of the Second Punic War between the Roman Republic and Carthage, fought on 2 August 216 BC near the ancient village of Cannae in Apulia, southeast Italy. The Carthaginians and their allies, led by Ha ...

. After Carthage's defeat at the

Battle of Zama The Battle of Zama was fought in 202 BC near Zama, now in Tunisia, and marked the end of the Second Punic War. A Roman army led by Publius Cornelius Scipio, with crucial support from Numidian leader Masinissa, defeated the Carthaginian ...

in 202 BC, he was among the ambassadors to negotiate peace with the Romans.

Notes

Bibliography

* Charles-Picard, Gilbert; Picard, Colette. ''Life and Death of Carthage''. Taplinger, 1968. *Hoyos, Dexter. ''The Carthaginians''. Routledge, 2010. *Hoyos, Dexter. ''Master the West: Rome and Carthage at War''. Oxford University Press, 2015. *Hoyos, Dexter. ''Carthage's Other Wars: Carthaginian Warfare Outside the 'Punic Wars' Against Rome''. Pen & Sword, 2019. *Huss, Werner
''Geschichte der Karthager''
C.H. Beck, 1985.

External links

{{Famous Carthaginians Carthaginians Carthaginian commanders of the First Punic War People of the Second Punic War Anti-war movement Mercenary War