Gastrocoptidae is a

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

of minute, air-breathing

land snail A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to the sea snails and freshwater snails. ''Land snail'' is the common name for terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have shells (those without shells are known as ...

terrestrial Terrestrial refers to things related to land or the planet Earth. Terrestrial may also refer to: * Terrestrial animal, an animal that lives on land opposed to living in water, or sometimes an animal that lives on or near the ground, as opposed to ...

pulmonate Pulmonata or pulmonates, is an informal group (previously an order, and before that a subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group includ ...

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...

mollusc Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is esti ...

s in the superfamily

Pupilloidea Pupilloidea is a superfamily of small and very small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the infraorder '' Pupilloidei'' . Taxonomy This superfamily contains the following families: * Achatinellidae Gulick, 1873 * Agard ...

.Philippe Bouchet, Jean-Pierre Rocroi, Bernhard Hausdorf, Andrzej Kaim, Yasunori Kano, Alexander Nützel, Pavel Parkhaev, Michael Schrödl and Ellen E. Strong. 2017.
Revised Classification, Nomenclator and Typification of Gastropod and Monoplacophoran Families
'.

Malacologia ''Malacologia'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal in the field of malacology, the study of mollusks. The journal publishes articles in the fields of molluscan systematics, ecology, population ecology, genetics, molecular genetics, evolution, an ...

, 61(1-2): 1-526.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Gastrocoptidae Pilsbry, 1918. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=842722 on 2020-05-02

Distribution

The distribution of the Gastrocoptidae is nearly worldwide, although family is extinct in Europe since

Pleistocene The Pleistocene ( , often referred to as the ''Ice age'') is the geological Epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 2,580,000 to 11,700 years ago, spanning the Earth's most recent period of repeated glaciations. Before a change was fina ...

, except one species in

Northern Caucasus The North Caucasus, ( ady, Темыр Къафкъас, Temır Qafqas; kbd, Ишхъэрэ Къаукъаз, İṩxhərə Qauqaz; ce, Къилбаседа Кавказ, Q̇ilbaseda Kavkaz; , os, Цӕгат Кавказ, Cægat Kavkaz, inh, ...

. In fossil record from

Paleocene The Paleocene, ( ) or Palaeocene, is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 66 to 56 mya (unit), million years ago (mya). It is the first epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), E ...

Taxonomy

For some time was considered as a subfamily in

Vertiginidae Vertiginidae, common name the whorl snails, is a family of minute, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs or micromollusks in the superfamily Pupilloidea. Distribution The distribution of the Vertiginidae is in the ...

, some species of these two families are very similar by the shell's characters. Genera in the family Gastrocoptidae include: * † ''

Ptychalaea ''Ptychalaea'' is a fossil genus of very small, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Gastrocoptidae.Harzhauser M., Neubauer T.A., Georgopoulou E., Harl J. 2014The Early Miocene (Burdigalian) mollu ...

'' Boettger, 1889 Subfamily Gastrocoptinae Pilsbry, 1918 * ''

Gastrocopta ''Gastrocopta'' is a genus of minute air-breathing land snails, terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the family Gastrocoptidae.MolluscaBase (2018). Gastrocopta Wollaston, 1878. Accessed through: Worl ...

'' Wollaston, 1878 - the

type genus In biological taxonomy, the type genus is the genus which defines a biological family and the root of the family name. Zoological nomenclature According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, "The name-bearing type of a nominal f ...

of the family, distributed nearly worldwide, over 100 species, in fossil record from

, very numerous and speciose in the

Miocene The Miocene ( ) is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and means "less recen ...

deposits of Europe * '' Balticopta'' Balashov & Perkovsky, 2020 - fossil from

Eocene The Eocene ( ) Epoch is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (mya). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), Era. The name ''Eocene' ...

Baltic amber The Baltic region is home to the largest known deposit of amber, called Baltic amber or succinite. It was produced sometime during the Eocene epoch, but exactly when is controversial. It has been estimated that these forests created more than 1 ...

Balashov I.A. & Perkovsky E.E. 2020
An Eocene land snail ''Balticopta gusakovi'' gen.n., sp.n. (Stylommatophora: Gastrocoptidae) from Baltic amber
// Invertebrate Zoology. Vol.17. No.1: 18–24. * '' Cavipupa'' Pilsbry, 1934 - endemic to

Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...

* '' Chaenaxis'' Pilsbry & Ferris, 1906 -

North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Car ...

* '' Gibbulina'' Beck, 1837 * ''

'' Boettger, 1889 - fossil from

and

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...

* '' Pumilicopta'' Solem, 1988 -

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...

* '' Ulpia'' Hylton Scott, 1955 Subfamily Hypselostomatinae Zilch, 1959 - distributed mainly in

Southeastern Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical south-eastern region of Asia, consisting of the regions that are situated south of mainland ...

and

* '' Hypselostoma'' Benson, 1856 - the

of the subfamily * '' Acinolaemus'' Thompson & Upatham, 1997 * '' Anauchen'' Pilsbry, 1917 * '' Angustopila'' Jochum, Slapnik & Páll-Gergely, 2014 * '' Antroapiculus'' Panha & Burch, 1999 * '' Aulacospira'' Möllendorff, 1890 * '' Bensonella'' Pilsbry & Vanatta, 1900 * '' Boysia'' L. Pfeiffer, 1849 * ''

Boysidia ''Boysidia'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails in the family Gastrocoptidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Boysidia Ancey, 1881. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxde ...

'' Ancey, 1881 * '' Clostophis'' Benson, 1860 * '' Dentisphaera'' Páll-Gergely & Jochum, 2017 - endemic to the caves in Northern

Vietnam Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making i ...

Páll-Gergely, B.; Jochum, A.; Asami, T. (2017). Three new species and a new genus of Hypselostomatidae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) from Cong Troi Cave, Northern Vietnam. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. 63(3): 327-341. * '' Gyliotrachela'' Tomlin, 1930 * '' Krobylos'' Panha & Burch, 1999 * '' Montapiculus'' Panha & Burch, 1999 * '' Pseudostreptaxis'' Möllendorff, 1890 * '' Tonkinospira'' Jochum, Slapnik & Páll-Gergely, 2014 * '' Paraboysidia'' Pilsbry, 1917

References

Literature

* Pilsbry H.A. 1916–1918. Manual of Conchology. Second Series: Pulmonata, 24. Pupillidae (Gastrocoptinae). Philadelphia: Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 380 p. * Pilsbry H.A., Cooke C.M. 1918–1920. Manual of Conchology. Second Series: Pulmonata, 25. Pupillidae (Gastrocoptinae, Vertigininae). Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia. 401 pp. * Schileyko A.A. 1998. Treatise on Recent Terrestrial Pulmonate Molluscs. Part 2: Gastrocoptidae, Hypselostomatidae, Vertiginidae, Truncatellinidae, Pachnodidae, Enidae, Sagdidae // Ruthenica. Suppl.2. P.129–261.

Links

MolluscaBase - Gastrocoptidae
{{taxonbar, from=Q41950369 Stylommatophora