''Hypocenomyce'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

lichen A lichen ( , ) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship.fungi A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from ...

in the family

Ophioparmaceae The Ophioparmaceae are a small family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Umbilicariales. The family was circumscribed In geometry, the circumscribed circle or circumcircle of a polygon is a circle that passes through all the vertices of th ...

. Species in the genus grow on bark and on wood, especially on burned tree stumps and trunks in coniferous forest. ''Hypocenomyce'' lichens are widely distributed in the northern hemisphere.

Taxonomy

The genus was

circumscribed In geometry, the circumscribed circle or circumcircle of a polygon is a circle that passes through all the vertices of the polygon. The center of this circle is called the circumcenter and its radius is called the circumradius. Not every polyg ...

in 1951 by French lichenologist Maurice Choisy to contain the single species '' Hypocenomyce scalaris'', a lichen that was first formally described by Erik Acharius in 1795. Choisy's original concept of the genus featured a squamulose

thallus Thallus (plural: thalli), from Latinized Greek (), meaning "a green shoot" or "twig", is the vegetative tissue of some organisms in diverse groups such as algae, fungi, some liverworts, lichens, and the Myxogastria. Many of these organisms wer ...

, adnate apothecia of the lecideine type (i.e., lacking algae and an amphithecium, with a black carbonized margin as in the genus ''

Lecidea ''Lecidea'' is a genus of crustose lichens with a carbon black ring or outer margin (exciple) around the fruiting body disc (apothecium), usually (or always) found growing on (saxicolous) or in (endolithic) rock.Field Guide to California Lichens, ...

'') and pycnoconidia that are short, straight, and cylindrical. Norwegian lichenologist Einer Timdal revised the genus in 1984, describing two new species to bring the total ''Hypocenomyce '' species up to ten. Since then, two new species have been described, and several have been transferred to other genera. Norwegian lichenologist Einar Timdal revised the genus in the mid-1980s and identified four evolutionary groups; he suggested that the genus was polyphyletic. A 2013

molecular phylogenetic Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...

study clarified the

phylogenetic In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups o ...

relationships amongst species previously classified in the genus. It was shown that the genus–as then circumscribed–consisted of seven

clade A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, ...

s belonging to different genera,

families Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Ideall ...

orders Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to: * Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood * Heterarchy, a system of organization wherein the elements have the potential to be ranked a number of d ...

and even subclasses. Based on these results, the genus was split into different genera – '' Carbonicola'', '' Fulgidea'', and ''Hypocenomyce''. The ''Hypocenomyce xanthococca'' species group, which had been previously raised to the level of genus as '' Pycnora'', was further split into ''Pycnora'' and ''

Toensbergia ''Toensbergia'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Sporastatiaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Mika Bendiksby and Einar Timdal in 2013. The genus name honours Norwegian lichenologist Tor Tønsberg, "in appreciation of his import ...

''.

Species

*'' Hypocenomyce australis'' *'' Hypocenomyce castaneocinerea'' *'' Hypocenomyce scalaris'' *'' Hypocenomyce stoechadiana'' *'' Hypocenomyce tinderryensis'' – Australia Species previously classified in ''Hypocenomyce'' include: *''Hypocenomyce anthracophila'' = '' Carbonicola anthracophila'' *''Hypocenomyce caradocensis'' = '' Xylopsora caradocensis'' *''Hypocenomyce foveata'' = '' Carbonicola foveata'' *''Hypocenomyce friesii'' = '' Xylopsora friesii'' *''Hypocenomyce isidiosa'' = '' Xylographa isidiosa'' *''Hypocenomyce leucococca'' = ''

Toensbergia leucococca ''Toensbergia'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Sporastatiaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Mika Bendiksby and Einar Timdal in 2013. The genus name honours Norwegian lichenologist Tor Tønsberg, "in appreciation of his import ...

'' *''Hypocenomyce oligospora'' = '' Fulgidea oligospora'' *''Hypocenomyce praestabilis'' = ''

Pycnora praestabilis ''Pycnora'' is a genus of fungi in the monotypic family Pycnoraceae. It contains three species. The genus was circumscribed by Josef Hafellner in 2001; the family was proposed by Mika Bendiksby and Einar Timdal in 2013. Characteristics of the Py ...

'' *''Hypocenomyce rubiformis'' = ''

Psora rubiformis ''Psora'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Psoraceae. Members of the genus are commonly called fishscale lichens. Lichens in the genus ''Psora'' are known to have a squamulose thallus and anthraquinones in the hymenium. Specie ...

'' *''Hypocenomyce sierrae'' = '' Fulgidea sierrae'' *''Hypocenomyce sorophora'' = ''

Pycnora sorophora ''Pycnora'' is a genus of fungi in the monotypic family Pycnoraceae. It contains three species. The genus was circumscribed by Josef Hafellner in 2001; the family was proposed by Mika Bendiksby and Einar Timdal in 2013. Characteristics of the Py ...

'' *''Hypocenomyce xanthococca'' = ''

Pycnora xanthococca ''Pycnora'' is a genus of fungi in the monotypic family Pycnoraceae. It contains three species. The genus was circumscribed by Josef Hafellner in 2001; the family was proposed by Mika Bendiksby and Einar Timdal in 2013. Characteristics of the Py ...

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q5959265 Umbilicariales Lecanoromycetes genera Lichen genera Taxa described in 1951 Taxa named by Maurice Choisy