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''Huochong'' () was the Chinese name for
File:上都火銃.jpg, The Xanadu gun, 1298, is an example of a Wankouchong ()
File:Bronze cannon of 1332.jpg, Bronze cannon with inscription dated the 3rd year of the Zhiyuan era (1332) of the Yuan Dynasty (1271–1368); it was discovered at the Yunju Temple of Fangshan District, Beijing in 1935. It is similar to Xanadu gun.
File:Ming 2-Cannon Device (9883206133).jpg, Replica of Ming dynasty cannons mounted on the opposite direction of a wooden frame, 1372.
File:Ming Bronze Gun, 1377 AD, Hongwu Reign (10129376023).jpg, Ming Bronze Gun, 1377 AD,
''Huochong'' () was the Chinese name for hand cannons
The hand cannon (Chinese: 手 銃 ''shŏuchòng'', or 火 銃 ''huŏchòng''), also known as the gonne or handgonne, is the first true firearm and the successor of the fire lance. It is the oldest type of small arms as well as the most mech ...
. The oldest confirmed metal ''huochong'', also the first cannon, is a bronze hand cannon bearing an inscription dating it to 1298 (see Xanadu Gun, Xanadu gun).
By the time of the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644) two types of ''huochong'' were in use. One was a hand held version with a wooden shaft known as a '' shouchong'' () whilst the larger ''Wankouchong'' ( — bowl-mouthed cannon) or ''Zhankouchong'' ( — cup-mouthed cannon) rested on a supporting wooden frame.'' History of Ming'' Army Records Chapter Four It was invented presumably as an advance in warfare, a new way to fight.
Gallery
Hongwu Emperor
The Hongwu Emperor (21 October 1328 – 24 June 1398), personal name Zhu Yuanzhang (), courtesy name Guorui (), was the founding emperor of the Ming dynasty of China, reigning from 1368 to 1398.
As famine, plagues and peasant revolts in ...
's reign.
File:Chinese pole gun found in Java.png, Drawing of a Chinese pole gun found in Java, 1421. It weighed 2.252 kg, length of 357 mm, and caliber of 16 mm. This gun features a rain cover connected with hinge, which is now missing. The hinge is still preserved.
File:Hand Cannon (Chong) MET DT366859.jpg, Chinese hand cannon (''Chong''), dated 1424. Length 35.7 cm, caliber 15 mm, weight 2.2736 kg.
File:Ming Copper Cannon.jpg, Ming copper cannon, 1450 AD.
File:Ming tiller gun 1505.jpg, A socketed Ming dynasty hand cannon, 1505, from the Zhengde Emperor's reign.
See also
* Hu dun pao, the term refers to trebuchet and cannon. * Heilongjiang hand cannon, hand cannon, ca. 1287–1288. * Xanadu Gun, Xanadu gun, a bowl-mouthed hand cannon, 1298. * Wuwei Bronze Cannon, late Western Xia (1214–1227). * Gunpowder weapons in the Song dynasty * Military of the Yuan dynasty * Bedil tombak, Nusantaran hand cannon.References
Early firearms Military history of Imperial China Firearms of China Chinese inventions {{gun-stub