Huanggang is a
prefecture-level city
A prefecture-level city () or prefectural city is an administrative division of the People's Republic of China (PRC), ranking below a province and above a county in China's administrative structure.
During the Republican era, many of China' ...
in easternmost
Hubei Province
Hubei (; ; alternately Hupeh) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China, and is part of the Central China region. The name of the province means "north of the lake", referring to its position north of Dongting Lake. The prov ...
, China. It is situated to the north of the middle reaches of the
Yangtze
The Yangtze or Yangzi ( or ; ) is the longest river in Asia, the third-longest in the world, and the longest in the world to flow entirely within one country. It rises at Jari Hill in the Tanggula Mountains (Tibetan Plateau) and flows ...
River and is bounded in the north by the
Dabie Mountains
The Dabie Mountains () are a major mountain range located in central China. Running northwest-to-southeast, they form the main watershed between the Huai and Yangtze rivers. The range also marks the boundary between Hubei Province and its neighbo ...
and is named after
Mount Huanggang
Mount Huanggang () is the highest peak in the UNESCO designated Wuyi Mountains, China. It separates and is the highest point of both Fujian and Jiangxi
Jiangxi (; ; formerly romanized as Kiangsi or Chianghsi) is a landlocked province in th ...
.
It borders
Henan
Henan (; or ; ; alternatively Honan) is a landlocked province of China, in the central part of the country. Henan is often referred to as Zhongyuan or Zhongzhou (), which literally means "central plain" or "midland", although the name is al ...
in the north,
Anhui
Anhui , (; formerly romanized as Anhwei) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China, part of the East China region. Its provincial capital and largest city is Hefei. The province is located across the basins of the Yangtze River ...
in the east and
Jiangxi
Jiangxi (; ; formerly romanized as Kiangsi or Chianghsi) is a landlocked province in the east of the People's Republic of China. Its major cities include Nanchang and Jiujiang. Spanning from the banks of the Yangtze river in the north int ...
in the south.
The city's administrative area covers and the total population was 5,882,719 as of the 2020 census whom 456,862 resided in the Huangzhou urban district, making it the second most populous city in the province by administrative population, after
Wuhan
Wuhan (, ; ; ) is the capital of Hubei, Hubei Province in the China, People's Republic of China. It is the largest city in Hubei and the most populous city in Central China, with a population of over eleven million, the List of cities in China ...
,
the provincial capital. the
Ezhou
Ezhou () is a prefecture-level city in eastern Hubei Province, China. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 1,079,353, of which 695,697 lived in the core Echeng District. The Ezhou - Huanggang built-up (''or metro'') area was home ...
– Huanggang built-up (or ''metro'') area was home to 1,152,559 inhabitants comprising (
Echeng
Echeng District () is one of the three administrative districts into which the prefecture-level city of Ezhou, China's Hubei province, is divided. The district is quite small, and includes Ezhou's main urban area (i.e., in informal terms, Ezhou "c ...
district and
Huangzhou
Huangzhou District is an urban district of Huanggang, Hubei province, China.
History
In 845 BC Marquis Wen 文侯 Huang Meng 黃孟 (aka Huang Zhang 黃璋) moved the capital of the State of Huang from Yicheng to Huangchuan (present-day Huang ...
district of Huanggang), and many of its residents work in Wuhan.
In 2007, the city is named China's top ten livable cities by Chinese Cities Brand Value Report, which was released at the 2007 Beijing Summit of China Cities Forum.
History
![Xugongmai Bronze Fu](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Xugongmai_Bronze_Fu.jpg)
In 845 BC Marquis Wen () Huang Meng (; also known as Huang Zhang / ) moved the capital of the
State of Huang from Yicheng to Huangchuan (present-day Huangchuan, Henan). Huang Xi's descendants ruled State of Huang until 648 BC when it was destroyed by the State of Chu. The Marquis of Huang, Marquis Mu () Huang Qisheng (), fled to the state of Qi. The people of Huang were forced to relocate to Chu. They settled in the region of present-day Hubei province, in a region known as the Jiangxia Prefecture () during the Han dynasty (206 BC-AD 220). There are many places in this region today that were named after Huang e.g. Huanggang, Huangpi, Huangmei, Huangshi, Huangan, Huangzhou etc. Many of the people of Huang were also relocated to regions south of the Yangtze River.
During the reign of
Emperor Cheng of Jin
Emperor Cheng of Jin (; December 321 or January 322 – 26 July 342According to Emperor Cheng's biography in ''Book of Jin'', he died aged 22 (by East Asian reckoning) on the ''guisi'' day of the 6th month of the 8th year of the ''Xiankang'' era ...
, Later Zhao forces inflicted great damage on many Jin cities and bases north of the Yangtze and captured Zhucheng (, in modern Huanggang, Hubei).
Huanggang has a history of at least 2,000 years.
Administration
Huanggang administers 12 county-level divisions, including one
district
A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions o ...
, two
county-level cities
A county-level municipality (), county-level city or county city, formerly known as prefecture-controlled city (1949–1970: ; 1970–1983: ), is a county-level administrative division of the People's Republic of China. County-level ...
and seven
counties
A county is a geographic region of a country used for administrative or other purposesChambers Dictionary, L. Brookes (ed.), 2005, Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, Edinburgh in certain modern nations. The term is derived from the Old French ...
:
Climate
Cultural heritage
Education
Huanggang Normal University
Huanggang Normal University (HNU; ) is a full-time provincial public normal university in Huangzhou District, Huanggang, Hubei, China. It is under the Educational Administration of Hubei Province. HNU offers courses to undergraduate students as ...
is a full-time institution of higher education located in the city of Huanggang.
Economy
Transportation
Huanggang enjoys an excellent transportation infrastructure.
Wuhan
Wuhan (, ; ; ) is the capital of Hubei, Hubei Province in the China, People's Republic of China. It is the largest city in Hubei and the most populous city in Central China, with a population of over eleven million, the List of cities in China ...
airport is to the west, while
Jiujiang
Jiujiang (), formerly transliterated Kiukiang or Kew Keang, is a prefecture-level city located on the southern shores of the Yangtze River in northwest Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China. It is the second-largest prefecture-level city ...
Airport in
Jiangxi
Jiangxi (; ; formerly romanized as Kiangsi or Chianghsi) is a landlocked province in the east of the People's Republic of China. Its major cities include Nanchang and Jiujiang. Spanning from the banks of the Yangtze river in the north int ...
to the east is away. Being on the
Yangtze
The Yangtze or Yangzi ( or ; ) is the longest river in Asia, the third-longest in the world, and the longest in the world to flow entirely within one country. It rises at Jari Hill in the Tanggula Mountains (Tibetan Plateau) and flows ...
River, Wuhan main port is located away, and
Huangzhou District
Huangzhou District is an urban district of Huanggang, Hubei province, China.
History
In 845 BC Marquis Wen 文侯 Huang Meng 黃孟 (aka Huang Zhang 黃璋) moved the capital of the State of Huang from Yicheng to Huangchuan (present-day Huang ...
has a small bulk-handling port. There is an extensive road network, with three north–south and seven east–west major roads within the main city area. The city also is served by several new expressways, including the north–south "Jingzhu" (
Beijing
}
Beijing ( ; ; ), alternatively romanized as Peking ( ), is the capital of the People's Republic of China. It is the center of power and development of the country. Beijing is the world's most populous national capital city, with over 21 ...
to
Zhuhai
Zhuhai (, ; Yale: ''Jyūhói''), also known as Chuhai is a prefecture-level city located on the west bank of Pearl River estuary on the central coast of southern Guangdong province, People's Republic of China, on the southeastern edge of Pearl ...
,
Guangdong
Guangdong (, ), alternatively romanized as Canton or Kwangtung, is a coastal province in South China on the north shore of the South China Sea. The capital of the province is Guangzhou. With a population of 126.01 million (as of 2020) ...
) expressway and the east–west
Wuhan
Wuhan (, ; ; ) is the capital of Hubei, Hubei Province in the China, People's Republic of China. It is the largest city in Hubei and the most populous city in Central China, with a population of over eleven million, the List of cities in China ...
to
Shanghai
Shanghai (; , , Standard Mandarin pronunciation: ) is one of the four direct-administered municipalities of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The city is located on the southern estuary of the Yangtze River, with the Huangpu River flow ...
expressway. Huanggang also is on the main north–south "Jingjiu" (
Beijing
}
Beijing ( ; ; ), alternatively romanized as Peking ( ), is the capital of the People's Republic of China. It is the center of power and development of the country. Beijing is the world's most populous national capital city, with over 21 ...
to
Hong Kong
Hong Kong ( (US) or (UK); , ), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China ( abbr. Hong Kong SAR or HKSAR), is a city and special administrative region of China on the eastern Pearl River Delt ...
) and "Jingguang" (
Beijing
}
Beijing ( ; ; ), alternatively romanized as Peking ( ), is the capital of the People's Republic of China. It is the center of power and development of the country. Beijing is the world's most populous national capital city, with over 21 ...
to
Guangzhou
Guangzhou (, ; ; or ; ), also known as Canton () and alternatively romanized as Kwongchow or Kwangchow, is the capital and largest city of Guangdong province in southern China. Located on the Pearl River about north-northwest of Hong Kon ...
, Guangdong) railway lines.
Bridges
![E’dong Yangtze River Bridge](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/E%E2%80%99dong_Yangtze_River_Bridge.JPG)
Two bridges connect Huanggang
across the Yangtze to the Ezhou on the south bank of the river:
*
Ehuang Bridge
The Ehuang Yangtze River Bridge () crosses the Yangtze River in Hubei, China. The bridge carries traffic on China National Highway 106 between Echeng, Ezhou south of the river and Huangzhou, Huanggang to the north. Construction of the bridge sta ...
, between the main urban area of Huanggang and
Ezhou
Ezhou () is a prefecture-level city in eastern Hubei Province, China. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 1,079,353, of which 695,697 lived in the core Echeng District. The Ezhou - Huanggang built-up (''or metro'') area was home ...
; it carries the
China National Highway 106
China National Highway 106 (G106; , 106 Guo Dao) is a road from Beijing to Guangzhou.
It leaves Beijing at Yuquanying and heads to Gu'an County, Bazhou (Hebei), Kaifeng (Henan), Ezhou (Hubei), and eventually Guangzhou (Guangdong) on the south ...
.
*
Edong Bridge
The Edong Yangtze River Bridge () is a cable-stayed bridge across the Yangtze River in Hubei Province in eastern China. The bridge connects Huangshi and Xishui County and forms part of the G45 Daqing–Guangzhou Expressway and the G50 Shanghai ...
carries the
G45 Daqing–Guangzhou Expressway
The Daqing–Guangzhou Expressway (), designated as G45 and commonly referred to as the Daguang Expressway () is an expressway that connects the cities of Daqing, Heilongjiang, and Guangzhou, Guangdong. When fully complete, it will be in length.
...
and the
G50 Shanghai–Chongqing Expressway
The Shanghai–Chongqing Expressway (), commonly referred to as the ''Huyu Expressway'' () is an east-west bound expressway that connects the cities of Shanghai, China in Yangtze River Delta, and Chongqing in western China. The expressway runs thr ...
.
Other river crossings near Huanggang include:
*
Jiujiang Yangtze River Bridge
The Jiujiang Yangtze River Bridge is a combined road-rail bridge over the Yangtze River near the city of Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province in eastern China. It links Xunyang District of Jiujiang, south of the river, with Xiaochi Town in Huangmei County ...
, between
Huangmei County
Huangmei County () falls under the administration of Huanggang City in eastern Hubei province, People's Republic of China, and borders Anhui to the east and Jiangxi to the south across the Yangtze. It also administers Shanjia Islet () in the Yang ...
and
Jiujiang
Jiujiang (), formerly transliterated Kiukiang or Kew Keang, is a prefecture-level city located on the southern shores of the Yangtze River in northwest Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China. It is the second-largest prefecture-level city ...
; a combined road-rail bridge, it carries the Huangxiao Expressway,
China National Highway 105
China National Highway 105 (G105) runs from Beijing to Macau SAR, via Langfang, Chuangzhou, Dezhou, Donge, Jining, Shuangyou, Fuyang, Liuan, Jiujiang, Nanchang, Ji'an, Guangzhou and Zhuhai. It runs to approximately 2,717 km, and, on a map, ...
, and the
Beijing–Kowloon railway
The Beijing–Kowloon railway, also known as the Jingjiu railway () is a railway connecting Beijing West railway station in Beijing to Shenzhen railway station in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province. It is connected with Hong Kong's East Rail across ...
*Huangshi Bridge, which carries the Huanghuang Expressway from
Xishui County to
Huangshi
Huangshi (), Postal Map Romanization, alternatively romanized as Hwangshih, is a prefecture-level city in southeastern Hubei province, People's Republic of China.
Its population was 2,469,079 inhabitants at the 2020 census; 1,567,108 of whom liv ...
Rail
Huanggang is served by the
Beijing–Kowloon Railway
The Beijing–Kowloon railway, also known as the Jingjiu railway () is a railway connecting Beijing West railway station in Beijing to Shenzhen railway station in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province. It is connected with Hong Kong's East Rail across ...
, which has several stations within the prefecture-level city. The Huangzhou Station, located within Huangzhou District some northeast from downtown Huanggang, has the best service of all, with several trains a day to Beijing, Nanchang, and Shenzhen. Huanggang travelers can also use the
Huangshi
Huangshi (), Postal Map Romanization, alternatively romanized as Hwangshih, is a prefecture-level city in southeastern Hubei province, People's Republic of China.
Its population was 2,469,079 inhabitants at the 2020 census; 1,567,108 of whom liv ...
station on the
Wuhan–Jiujiang Railway
The Wuhan–Jiujiang railway or Wujiu railway (), is a double-track, electrified railroad in central China between Wuhan in Hubei Province and Jiujiang in Jiangxi Province. The line is long and follows the south bank of the Yangtze River from Wuc ...
, across the river.
Famous people
Huanggang prefecture is the birthplace of numerous famous Chinese inventors, scientists, and scholars, including:
*
Bi Sheng
Bi Sheng (; 972–1051 AD) was a Chinese artisan, engineer, and inventor of the world's first movable type technology, with printing being one of the Four Great Inventions. Bi Sheng's system was made of Chinese porcelain and was invented betwee ...
, the inventor of movable type printing;
*
Cheng Yi, ancient idealist philosopher;
*
Dong Biwu
Dong Biwu (; 5 March 1886 – 2 April 1975) was a Chinese communist revolutionary and politician, who served as acting Chairman of the People's Republic of China between 1972 and 1975.
Early life
Dong Biwu was born in Huanggang, Hubei to ...
, Acting President of the People's Republic of China, 1972–1975;
*
Li Shizhen
Li Shizhen (July 3, 1518 – 1593), courtesy name Dongbi, was a Chinese acupuncturist, herbalist, naturalist, pharmacologist, physician, and writer of the Ming dynasty. He is the author of a 27-year work, found in the ''Compendium of M ...
, herbalist and author of the ancient medical classic ''Compendium of Materia Medica'';
*
Li Siguang, ethnic Mongol ecologist;
*
Lin Biao
)
, serviceyears = 1925–1971
, branch = People's Liberation Army
, rank = Marshal of the People's Republic of China Lieutenant general of the National Revolutionary Army, Republic of China
, commands ...
, one of the ten marshals in China;
*
Wen Yiduo
Wen Yiduo (; 24 November 189915 July 1946) was a Chinese poet and scholar known for his nationalistic poetry. Wen was assassinated by the Kuomintang in 1946.
Life
Wen Yiduo was born Wén Jiāhuá () on 24 November 1899 in what is now Xishui ...
, patriotic poet;
*
Xiong Shili
Xiong Shili (, 1885 – May 23, 1968) was a Chinese essayist and philosopher whose major work ''A New Treatise on Vijñaptimātra'' (新唯識論, ''Xin Weishi Lun'') is a Confucian critique of the Buddhist ''Vijñapti-mātra'' "consciousness ...
, a 20th-century Chinese philosopher;
*
Daman Hongren
Hongren (, 601–674), posthumous name ''Daman'', was the 5th Patriarch of Chan Buddhism (Chinese: 禅宗五祖).
Hongren is said to have received Dharma transmission from Dayi Daoxin and passed on the symbolic bowl and robe of transmission to Hu ...
, the 5th Chán (Buddhist) Patriarch in the traditional lineage of Chinese Chan;
*
Xu Fuguan
Hsu Fu-kuan or Xu Fuguan (); 1902/03 – 1982) was a Chinese intellectual and historian who made notable contributions to Confucian studies. He is a leading member of New Confucianism, a philosophical movement initiated by Xu's teacher and frien ...
, a Chinese historian and philosopher, notable for Confucian studies;
*
Hu Feng
Hu Feng (, November 2, 1902 – June 8, 1985) was a Chinese Marxist writer, poet and literary theorist. He was a prominent member of the League of Left-Wing Writers. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Hu Feng became a member ...
, a Chinese writer and literary and art theorist;
*
Chu Bong-Foo
Chu Bong-Foo (born 1937) is the inventor of the Tsang-chieh (Cangjie), a widely used Chinese input method. His renowned input method, created in 1976 and given to the public domain in 1982, has sped up the computerization of Chinese society. ...
, the inventor of the Cangjie method, the most widely available Chinese input method, and the father of the modern Chinese computing;
*
Huang Kan
Huang Kan (Chinese: 黃侃; 1886 – 8 October 1935), courtesy name Jigang (季剛), born into a family of Hubei ancestry in Chengdu, Sichuan province, was a Chinese phonologist, philologist and revolutionary.
As a teen, he tested into Wuchang ...
, a Chinese philologist.
*
Yuan Xinyi, a Chinese mathematician.
As well, Huanggang is famous for producing military and political leaders.
Hong'an County is known as the "County of Generals" in that more than 400 Chinese army generals have been born there, a total far greater than for any other county in all of China. In addition, former military leader and President of China,
Li Xiannian
Li Xiannian (pronounced ; 23 June 1909 – 21 June 1992) was a Chinese Communist military and political leader, President of the People's Republic of China (''de jure'' head of state) from 1983 to 1988 under Paramount Leader Deng Xiaoping and ...
(1909–1992), was born in Hong'an. The family of Taiwanese author
Kuo Cheng came from Huanggang.
References
Citations
Bibliography
* Lin Biao. "Lin Piao: Master Strategist". In Snow, Helen Foster (Ed.). ''The Chinese Communists: Sketches and Autobiographies of the Old Guard''. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwoods Publishing Company. 1972.
External links
Google Maps Huanggang
{{Authority control
Cities in Hubei
Populated places on the Yangtze River
Prefecture-level divisions of Hubei
Wuhan urban agglomeration