The House of Khumalo is the reigning Royal Family of the former Mthwakazi Kingdom (modern day

Matabeleland Matabeleland is a region located in southwestern Zimbabwe that is divided into three provinces: Matabeleland North, Bulawayo, and Matabeleland South. These provinces are in the west and south-west of Zimbabwe, between the Limpopo and Zambezi r ...

). The Mthwakazi Kingdom was founded in 1823 by Mzilikazi kaMatshobana. While the Mthwakazi Kingdom ended in 1894 with the

First Matabele War The First Matabele War was fought between 1893 and 1894 in modern-day Zimbabwe. It pitted the British South Africa Company against the Ndebele (Matabele) Kingdom. Lobengula, king of the Ndebele, had tried to avoid outright war with the company ...

, The house has endured to the present day.

Origin

It is believed that the Khumalo originated with Khumalo kaMntungwa who settled around the

Mkhuze river Mkuze, also named Mkhuze or uMkhuze is a small town in Northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. It is located approximately 350 km from the city of Durban. It is along the N2 road en route to Johannesburg, Eswatini and Mozambique; between the ...

in Northern

KwaZulu-Natal KwaZulu-Natal (, also referred to as KZN and known as "the garden province") is a province of South Africa that was created in 1994 when the Zulu bantustan of KwaZulu ("Place of the Zulu" in Zulu) and Natal Province were merged. It is locate ...

South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring countri ...

. There they lived, predominantly under the yoke of the larger

Ndwandwe The Ndwandwe are a Bantu Nguni-speaking people who populate sections of southern Africa. The Ndwandwe, with the Mthethwa, were a significant power in present-day Zululand at the turn of the nineteenth century. Under the leadership of King Z ...

for several generations. Khumalo kaMntungwa was succeeded by his son Mkhatshwa kaKhumalo, Mkhatshwa kaKhumalo was succeeded by his son Mangethe kaMkhatshwa ( Mangethe was also called "Zikode"). The three eldest sons of Mangethe kaMkhatshwa produced the three primary branches of the Khumalo House. They are: * Mashobane kaMangethe (also called "Matshobane kaZikode"). ''It is from this branch that the Royal line of Khumalo descends. * Magawozi "Dloko" kaMangethe (also called "Magawozi kaZikode") * Gasa kaMangethe (also called "Gasa kaZikode").

Mashobane kaMangethe

In the early 19th century the Khumalo came under pressure to join the

nation due to the expanding power of the

chief, Mashobane's father-in-law,

Zwide kaLanga Zwide kaLanga (1758–1825) was the king of the Ndwandwe (Nxumalo) nation from about 1805 to around 1820. He was the son of Langa KaXaba, a Nxumalo king. Legend has it that Zwide's mother, Queen Ntombazi, was a sangoma. And she infamously collect ...

. The alliance was uneasy, and the Khumalos sought help from the leader of the

Mthethwa Mthethwa may refer to: * Mthethwa Paramountcy, a Southern African state that arose in the 18th century south of Delagoa Bay and inland in eastern southern Africa * Nathi Mthethwa Emmanuel Nkosinathi "Nathi" Mthethwa is a South African politician ...

kingdom,

Dingiswayo Dingiswayo () (c. 1780 – 1817) (born Godongwana) was a Mthethwa king, well known for his mentorship over a young Zulu general, Shaka Zulu, who rose to become the greatest of the Zulu Kings. His father was the Mthethwa king, Jobe kaKayi. I ...

, and his protégé

Shaka Zulu Shaka kaSenzangakhona ( – 22 September 1828), also known as Shaka Zulu () and Sigidi kaSenzangakhona, was the king of the Zulu Kingdom from 1816 to 1828. One of the most influential monarchs of the Zulu, he ordered wide-reaching reforms that ...

. In the course of an attempted invasion of Zwide's territory, Dingiswayo was captured and put to death by Zwide. Shaka Zulu escaped capture only through the help of Chief Donda kaGasa, as a result of which Zwide ordered the deaths of all three Khumalo chiefs, Beje kaMagawozi, Donda kaGasa and Mashobane kaMangethe.

Mzilikazi

Mzilikazi Mzilikazi Moselekatse, Khumalo ( 1790 – 9 September 1868) was a Southern African king who founded the Mthwakazi Kingdom now known as Matebeleland, in Zimbabwe. His name means "the great river of blood". He was born the son of Mashobane kaMange ...

was the eldest son of Mashobane kaMangethe and his heir. His mother was Nompethu KaZwide, daughter of

of the

. Mzilikazi's father was killed by Zwide and so Mzilikazi came to be an instrumental lieutenant in Shaka's War against Zwide. After a personal conflict with Shaka in 1823, Mzilikazi rallied the Khumalos and they left

and moved northwards. Mzilikazi established three subsequent settlements along the Magaliesberg Mountain Range. * Kungwini (''meaning "Place of Mist") at present day Wonderboom on the banks of the

Apies River __NOTOC__ The Apies River is a river that flows through the city of Pretoria, South Africa. Its source is located just south of the city (south of Erasmus Park) and it flows northward until it drains into the Pienaars River. The word "Apies" is Af ...

. It is commonly believed that Kungwini was established on Meintjieskop, the current site of the

Union Buildings The Union Buildings ( af, Uniegebou) form the official seat of the South African Government and also house the offices of the President of South Africa. The imposing buildings are located in Pretoria, atop Meintjieskop at the northern end of ...

. While there is a kraal structure on Meintjieskop dating to this time period, it is not Kungwini. * Dinaneni was established just north of

Hartbeespoort Hartbeespoort, informally also known as "Harties", is a small resort town in the North West Province of South Africa, situated on slopes of the Magaliesberg mountain and the banks of the Hartbeespoort Dam. The name of the town means "gateway of t ...

in an area known today as 'Zilkaats Estate'. * Hlahlandlela would have been in the area north of modern-day

Rustenburg Rustenburg (; , Afrikaans and Dutch: ''City of Rest'') is a city at the foot of the Magaliesberg mountain range. Rustenburg is the most populous city in North West province, South Africa (549,575 in 2011 and 626,522 in the 2016 census). In 2017 ...

. Of these three Kraals, Kungwini was by far the strongest. From here Mzilikazi's warriors launched raids and attacks on the neighbouring BaKwena ba Môgôpa, BaPô ba Môgale, BaFokeng, Ndzundza and Manala Ndebele. Kungwini's reach extended as far south as

Heilbron Heilbron is a small farming town in the Free State province of South Africa which services the cattle, dairy, sorghum, sunflower and maize industries. Raw stock beneficiation occurs in leisure foods, dairy products and stock feeds. It also se ...

in the Free State. Voortrekkers began to arrive in

Transvaal Transvaal is a historical geographic term associated with land north of (''i.e.'', beyond) the Vaal River in South Africa. A number of states and administrative divisions have carried the name Transvaal. * South African Republic (1856–1902; af, ...

in 1836, resulting in several confrontations over the next two years during which Mzilikazi suffered heavy losses. By early 1838, Mzilikazi and his people were forced northwards out of

altogether and across the

Limpopo River The Limpopo River rises in South Africa and flows generally eastward through Mozambique to the Indian Ocean. The term Limpopo is derived from Rivombo (Livombo/Lebombo), a group of Tsonga settlers led by Hosi Rivombo who settled in the mountaino ...

. Further attacks caused him to move again, at first westwards into present-day

Botswana Botswana (, ), officially the Republic of Botswana ( tn, Lefatshe la Botswana, label=Setswana, ), is a landlocked country in Southern Africa. Botswana is topographically flat, with approximately 70 percent of its territory being the Kalahar ...

and then later northwards towards what is now

Zambia Zambia (), officially the Republic of Zambia, is a landlocked country at the crossroads of Central Africa, Central, Southern Africa, Southern and East Africa, although it is typically referred to as being in Southern Africa at its most cent ...

. He was unable to settle the land there because of the prevalence of

tsetse fly Tsetse ( , or ) (sometimes spelled tzetze; also known as tik-tik flies), are large, biting flies that inhabit much of tropical Africa. Tsetse flies include all the species in the genus ''Glossina'', which are placed in their own family, Glo ...

which carried diseases fatal to oxen. Mzilikazi therefore travelled again, this time southeastwards into what became known as

(situated in the southwest of present-day Zimbabwe) and settled there in 1840. Here he established the Kingdom of

Mthwakazi Mthwakazi is the traditional name of the proto-Ndebele people and Ndebele kingdom and is in the area of today's Zimbabwe. Mthwakazi is widely used to refer to inhabitants of Matebeleland Province in Zimbabwe. Etymology The word ''Matabele'' i ...

with his capital being koBulawayo. During the tribe's wanderings north of the Limpopo, Mzilikazi became separated from the bulk of the tribe. They gave him up for dead and hailed his young heir Nkulumane kaMzilikazi as his successor. However, Mzilikazi reappeared after a traumatic journey through the Zambezi Valley and reasserted control. According to one account, all the chiefs who had chosen so quickly moved on without looking for him were put to death on his orders. A popular belief is that they were executed by being thrown down a steep cliff on the hill now called Ntabazinduna (''Hill of The Chiefs''). Mzilikazi's son Nkulumane kaMzilikazi was banished and lived the remainder of his life among the BaFokeng until his death in 1883. His grave, covered in a concrete slab, is on the outskirts of

Phokeng Phokeng is a town in Rustenburg of the North West province of South Africa. It is the capital of the Royal Bafokeng Nation. Historically, it was known as ''Magatostad'' among white South Africans. Etymology Phokeng gained its name from the Sesoth ...

. The site of Nkulumane's grave is incongruously referred to as Mzilikazi's Kop. Mzilikazi died on 9 September 1868 and buried in a cave at

Entumbane Bulawayo (, ; Ndebele: ''Bulawayo'') is the second largest city in Zimbabwe, and the largest city in the country's Matabeleland region. The city's population is disputed; the 2022 census listed it at 665,940, while the Bulawayo City Council cl ...

Matobo Hills The Matobo National Park forms the core of the Matobo or Matopos Hills, an area of granite kopjes and wooded valleys commencing some south of Bulawayo, southern Zimbabwe. The hills were formed over 2 billion years ago with granite being forced ...

Zimbabwe Zimbabwe (), officially the Republic of Zimbabwe, is a landlocked country located in Southeast Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers, bordered by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the south-west, Zambia to the north, and Mozam ...

. Mzilikazi had 13 wives who bore him about 40 children. His successor as the leader of the House of Khumalo and King of the Mthwakazi Kingdom was his son Lobengula kaMzilikazi.

Lobengula

After the death of Mzilikazi, in 1868, the izinduna, or chiefs, offered the crown to Lobengula kaMzilikazi, one of Mzilikazi's sons from an inferior wife. Several impis (regiments) disputed Lobengula's ascent, and the question was ultimately decided by the arbitration of the

assegai An assegai or assagai (Arabic ''az-zaġāyah'', Berber languages, Berber ''zaġāya'' "spear", French language, Old French ''azagaie'', Spanish ''azagaya'', Italian ''zagaglia'', Middle English ''lancegay'') is a pole weapon used for throwing, ...

, with Lobengula and his impis crushing the rebels. Lobengula's courage in the battle led to his unanimous selection as King. The coronation of Lobengula took place at Mhlanhlandlela, one of the principal military towns. The

nation assembled in the form of a large semicircle, performed a war dance, and declared their willingness to fight and die for Lobengula. A great number of cattle were slaughtered, and the choicest meats were offered to the Mlimo, the spiritual leader, and to the dead Mzilikazi. Great quantities of millet beer were also consumed. About 10,000 warriors in full war costume attended the crowning of Lobengula. Their costumes consisted of a headdress and short cape made of black ostrich feathers, a kilt made of leopard or other skins and ornamented with the tails of white cattle. Around their arms they wore similar tails and around their ankles they wore rings of brass and other metals. Their weapons consisted of one or more long spears for throwing and a short stabbing-spear or assegai (also the principal weapon of the

Zulu people Zulu people (; zu, amaZulu) are a Nguni ethnic group native to Southern Africa. The Zulu people are the largest ethnic group and nation in South Africa, with an estimated 10–12 million people, living mainly in the province of KwaZulu-Natal ...

). For defence, they carried large oval shields of ox-hide, either black, white, red, or speckled according to the impi (regiment) they belonged to. Lobengula was a big, powerful, man with a soft voice who was well loved by his people but loathed by foreign tribes. He had well over 20 wives, possibly many more; among them were

Xwalile Xwalile was at one time the great wife of Lobengula, king of the Ndebele people in present-day Zimbabwe. The dates of her birth and death are unknown, but she is known to have lived at least from the 1870s to the 1890s. Daughter of Mzila, king o ...

, daughter of king

Mzila King Mzila Nxumalo, Mzila kaSoshangane Nxumalo, Umzila, Muzila, or Nyamende was the son of Soshangane kaZikode, the founder of the Gaza empire, which at the height of its power stretched from southern Mozambique to the Limpopo River. He defeated h ...

of the

Gaza Empire The Gaza Empire (1824–1895) was an African empire established by general Soshangane and was located in southeastern Africa in the area of southern Mozambique and southeastern Zimbabwe. The Gaza Empire, at its height in the 1860s, covered a ...

, and Lozikeyi. It is said that he weighed about 19 stone (270 lb; 120 kg). By the time he was in his 40s, his diet of traditional millet beer and beef had caused him to be obese according to European visitors. Lobengula was aware of the greater firepower of European guns so he mistrusted visitors and discouraged them by maintaining border patrols to monitor all travellers' movements south of

. Early in his reign, he had few encounters with white men (although a Christian mission station had been set up at

Inyati Inyathi (also known as Enyathi, Inyati, UMzinyathi, and Emhlangeni) is a village located in the Bubi District of Matabeleland North, Zimbabwe that grew from colonization by missionaries in the late 19th century. The Mission itself sits upon aro ...

in 1859), but this changed when gold was discovered on the

Witwatersrand The Witwatersrand () (locally the Rand or, less commonly, the Reef) is a , north-facing scarp in South Africa. It consists of a hard, erosion-resistant quartzite metamorphic rock, over which several north-flowing rivers form waterfalls, which ...

within the boundaries of the

South African Republic The South African Republic ( nl, Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek, abbreviated ZAR; af, Suid-Afrikaanse Republiek), also known as the Transvaal Republic, was an independent Boer Republic in Southern Africa which existed from 1852 to 1902, when it ...

in 1886. Lobengula had granted John Swinburne the right to search for gold and other minerals on a tract of land in the extreme southwest of

along the

Tati River The Tati River is a river in northeast Botswana, a tributary of the Shashe River, which in turn is a tributary of the Limpopo River. The river flows through Francistown Francistown is the second largest city in Botswana, with a population of ...

between the

Shashe River The Shashe River (or Shashi River) is a major left-bank tributary of the Limpopo River in Zimbabwe. It rises northwest of Francistown, Botswana and flows into the Limpopo River where Botswana, Zimbabwe and South Africa meet.Ramaquabane river in about 1870, in what became known as the Tati Concession. However, it was not until about 1890 that any significant mining in the area commenced. Lobengula had been tolerant of the white hunters who came to

; he would even go so far as to punish those of his tribe who threatened the whites. But he was wary about negotiation with outsiders, and when a British team (

Francis Thompson Francis Joseph Thompson (16 December 1859 – 13 November 1907) was an English poet and Catholic mystic. At the behest of his father, a doctor, he entered medical school at the age of 18, but at 26 left home to pursue his talent as a writer a ...

Charles Rudd Charles Dunell Rudd (22 October 1844 – 15 November 1916) was the main business associate of Cecil Rhodes. Early life He was born at Hamworth Hall, Northamptonshire, the son of Henry Rudd (1809–1884), who had a shipbuilding business in Lo ...

and

Rochfort Maguire Rochfort Maguire (18 June 1815 – 29 June 1867) was an Irish Royal Navy officer who served as captain of from 1852 to 1853 during the Franklin search expedition. Career Royal Navy Maguire joined the Royal Navy in 1830. He came to no ...

) came in 1888 to try to persuade him to grant them the right to dig for minerals in additional parts of his territory, the negotiations took many months. Lobengula gave his agreement to

Cecil Rhodes Cecil John Rhodes (5 July 1853 – 26 March 1902) was a British mining magnate and politician in southern Africa who served as Prime Minister of the Cape Colony from 1890 to 1896. An ardent believer in British imperialism, Rhodes and his Br ...

only when his friend,

Leander Starr Jameson Sir Leander Starr Jameson, 1st Baronet, (9 February 1853 – 26 November 1917), was a British colonial politician, who was best known for his involvement in the ill-fated Jameson Raid. Early life and family He was born on 9 February 1853, of ...

, a qualified medical doctor, who had once treated Lobengula for gout, proposed to secure money and weaponry for the Matabele in addition to a pledge that any people who came to dig would be considered as living in his kingdom. As part of this agreement, and at the insistence of the British, neither the Boers nor the Portuguese would be permitted to settle or gain concessions in

. Lobengula sent two emissaries to the British queen,

Queen Victoria Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until Death and state funeral of Queen Victoria, her death in 1901. Her reign of 63 years and 21 ...

. However, they were delayed by

Alfred Beit Alfred Beit (15 February 1853 – 16 July 1906) was a Anglo-German gold and diamond magnate in South Africa, and a major donor and profiteer of infrastructure development on the African continent. He also donated much money to university edu ...

's associates at the port. The 25-year Rudd Concession was signed by Lobengula on 30 October 1888. It soon became obvious that Lobengula had been defrauded and that Beit and Rhodes's team intended to annex his territory. The

began in October 1893, and the

British South Africa Company The British South Africa Company (BSAC or BSACo) was chartered in 1889 following the amalgamation of Cecil Rhodes' Central Search Association and the London-based Exploring Company Ltd, which had originally competed to capitalize on the expecte ...

's use of the Maxim gun led to devastating losses for the Mthwakazi warriors, notably at the

Battle of the Shangani The Battle of the Shangani took place on 25 October 1893 during the First Matabele War in what is now Zimbabwe. A British column was attacked during night by a large force of Matabele warriors. The British repulsed them with a heavy loss of lif ...

. As early as December 1893, it was reported that Lobengula had been very sick, but his death sometime in early 1894 was kept a secret for many months, and the cause of his death remains inconclusive. By October 1897, the white colonists had successfully settled in much of the territory known later as Rhodesia, and

was no more.

The Rhodes Four

After the death of their father, four of Lobengula's sons were taken by

Cape Town Cape Town ( af, Kaapstad; , xh, iKapa) is one of South Africa's three capital cities, serving as the seat of the Parliament of South Africa. It is the legislative capital of the country, the oldest city in the country, and the second largest ...

to be given a western education. This was in hopes to alienate them from their culture and royal identity. *Alban Njube Khumalo was born in 1879 as the 5th son of Lobengula. Although not the oldest, he was considered by both his father and the council of Chief's to be the best candidate to succeed as leader of the ''House of Khumalo''. Afterwards, he settled in

Port Alfred A port is a maritime facility comprising one or more wharves or loading areas, where ships load and discharge cargo and passengers. Although usually situated on a sea coast or estuary, ports can also be found far inland, such as Ha ...

where he bought a farm in the Bathurst area for £600, from the monthly allowance he received from the Administrator in Southern Rhodesia. He died of pneumonia on 10 June 1910 in Grahamstown. He is buried there. Alban Njube Khumalo was married twice and had two sons: **Albert Lobengula Khumalo, born 1902 and was educated first at the Higher Mission School in

Grahamstown Makhanda, also known as Grahamstown, is a town of about 140,000 people in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. It is situated about northeast of Port Elizabeth and southwest of East London, Eastern Cape, East London. Makhanda is the lar ...

, then at Tsolo Agricultural School. He died in 1957 without issue. **Rhodes Njube Khumalo, born 1903 was educated at the Higher Mission School in

and at St Matthew's College in

Keiskammahoek Keiskammahoek (also spelled Keiskamahoek) is a town in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. From 1981 until the end of apartheid, the town was part of the Ciskei bantustan. Geography Keiskammahoek is a small rural town that is situated some f ...

from 1919 ownwards. He passed his Junior Certificate in 1921 at Loveday College, and moved to Fort Hare in 1922 to finish his matriculation. He later qualified as a teacher. He later settled near Peddie and formed the famous Highlanders Football Club in 1926. He married twice and had four daughters and one son. He died by drowning in a river while out hunting in 1937 and is buried in Grahamstown. *Mpezeni Khumalo, born 1880 was educated at Zonnebloem College in Cape Town where he later died of pneumonia on 9 December 1899 in Somerset Hospital at 19 years of age. *Nguboyenja Khumalo born 1881, He was educated as a lawyer and moved back to

Bulawayo Bulawayo (, ; Ndebele: ''Bulawayo'') is the second largest city in Zimbabwe, and the largest city in the country's Matabeleland region. The city's population is disputed; the 2022 census listed it at 665,940, while the Bulawayo City Council cl ...

where he became the first black lawyer in Southern

Rhodesia Rhodesia (, ), officially from 1970 the Republic of Rhodesia, was an unrecognised state in Southern Africa from 1965 to 1979, equivalent in territory to modern Zimbabwe. Rhodesia was the ''de facto'' successor state to the British colony of S ...

. Later in life he suffered a breakdown and lived the rest of his life of a vagabond. He died in 1944 in Bulawayo. *Sidojiwa Khumalo born 1888, Was sent back to

after a very brief stay in

. in Bulawayo he was educated at The Anglican Church School in Bulawayo and later at St Augustine's Anglican mission school near

Penhalonga Penhalonga is mining village in Mutasa District of Manicaland Province, Zimbabwe, located 18 km north of Mutare in a valley where the Tsambe and Imbeza Rivers meet the Mutare River. According to the 1982 Population Census, the village had ...

. He was briefly employed with the Native Department in Bulawayo in 1918. After retiring he was granted a pension of £2 a month and went to live in

Gweru Gweru is a city in central Zimbabwe. Near the geographical centre of the country. It is on the centre of Midlands Province. Originally an area known to the Northern Ndebele people, Ndebele as "The Steep Place" because of the Gweru River's high ...

. Later around 1933 his pension was doubled. He died in 1957 and was buried at Entumbane. He Married four times and had about 30 children.

Succession dispute

In 2016 a man named Stanley Raphael Tshuma claims to have revived the

Kingship and claims therefore to be the rightful leader of the House of Khumalo. Stanley Tshuma has subsequently held a coronation ceremony dubbing himself King Mzilikazi II. His lineage is questionable and only those who descend from Lobengula directly may make a claim to the throne. To further complicate things Prince Peter Zwidekalanga Khumalo, a spokesperson and representative of the Khumalo House announced himself as King Nyamande Lobengula II. While he is the great grandson of King Lobengula, his claim to the throne is not widely recognized. In 2018 The Khumalo House ended speculation over the throne which has remained vacant since 1893 by naming King Bulelani Colin Lobengula Khumalo as the only legitimate heir to the House of Khumalo and therefore the

throne. Said Spokesperson further detailed how Bulelani Lobengula-Khumalo is the rightful heir through the tradition of Inkosi Izala Inkosi which states: "that one has to have been born to a mother who married to a king, that even if one is the biological son of the king one is disqualified from taking over the throne if ones mother was married to a prince before he became king. In this instance, all the king’s sons who were born outside the principle of Inkosi Izala Inkosi do not qualify to be considered for the throne. This principle also disqualifies all of their descendant." Thus King Bulelani Lobengula-Khumalo is the current King as son of Prince Humphrey Mcedisi Lobengula-Khumalo, who is the son of Prince Patrick Fana Boyd Lobengula-Khumalo, who is the son of Prince Rhodes Mpango Lobengula-Khumalo, who is the son of Prince Njube Lobengula Khumalo, who is the son of King Lobengula kaMzilikazi, this means Bulelani is the 3rd-great grandson of King Lobengula.

References

External links

*{{Commonscatinline *https://www.ancestry.com/boards/thread.aspx?mv=flat&m=4&p=surnames.khumalo *https://bulawayo24.com/index-id-search-keyword-King%20Mzilikazi%20II.html *https://bulawayo24.com/index-id-news-sc-national-byo-149718.html *https://bulawayo24.com/index-id-opinion-sc-columnist-byo-128876.html *http://www.bulawayo1872.com/history/matshobana.htm *http://www.bulawayo1872.com/history/mzilikazi.htm *https://www.chronicle.co.zw/man-who-claims-to-be-king-mzilikazi-ii-a-fake/ *http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/states/southafrica/northernkhumalo.html *https://www.newsday.co.zw/2018/02/peter-zwide-kalanga-unveiled-king/ *https://www.newsday.co.zw/2017/08/khumalo-clan-names-ndebele-king/ *https://www.pressreader.com/zimbabwe/chronicle-zimbabwe/20180301/281621010831272 *https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/14373/Nelson_Archaeozoology%282009%29.pdf?sequence=1 *http://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/ndebele-nation-seeks-revive-kingship/ *http://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/prince-lobengula-khumalo-to-be-crowned-new-king/ *http://zimbabwe.shafaqna.com/EN/AL/353973 *http://ikhonaindaba.blogspot.com/2015/09/mzilikazi-heritage-and-lineage.html African royal families