Hounds (film)

''Hounds'' (original title: ''Les meutes''), is a 2023 Moroccan crime drama film written and directed by Kamal Lazraq. Taking place over one night in Casablanca, it follows Hassan and Issam, an impoverished father-son duo, as they attempt to dispose of a body after a botched kidnapping.

Plot

Dib, a dog-fighting kingpin, seeks revenge after his prized hound is killed in a fight. He enlists Hassan, an impoverished dogsbody who makes a living from petty crime, to help kidnap one of the rival's middlemen. Hassan brings along his reluctant son, Issam, who is more street-smart than his father. Issam is wary of the mission, especially when their van, which he considers a bad omen due to its red color, seems to confirm his fears.

During the kidnapping, their target suffocates in the car's trunk, leading to a frantic journey to dispose of the body by morning. They are rejected by an old acquaintance of Dib's who had done similar jobs for him before but had now dropped out of criminal life. Despite Issam's insistence that both methods would not work, they then attempt to hide the body in a shallow well filled with rocks and also try digging a hole in the countryside before being caught and chased. In a desperate move, the duo head back to the city after a close encounter at a police roadblock to enlist a friend of Hassan's, an old, drunk fisherman, to dump the body in the ocean, but he falls into the water himself, leaving them with the corpse and an even guiltier conscience.

Hassan, deeply affected by the fisherman's insistence on the Islamic custom of washing the corpse as well as hallucinations of the dead, insists on performing the ritual and wrapping it in a shroud before disposing of it. They are caught by Hassan's disapproving mother, who helps them wash the body. Issam then seeks help from a friend to dispose of the body, but this plan fails, leading Issam to be trapped in a warehouse with rival gang members. Hassan informs Dib, who gathers a gang of henchmen to rescue them. Dib then takes them to an acquaintance with a large oven, ordering them to cut up the body. However, Hassan refuses, and Dib reluctantly pays someone else to do it. The body is burnt and disposed of in the trash.

The next morning, Hassan and Issam are seen walking home, and a dog is later seen with a charred human arm in its mouth in a wasteland full of garbage.

Cast

* Ayoub Elaid
* Abdellatif Masstouri
* Abdellah Lebkiri
* Lahcen Zaimouzen
* Mohamed Hmimsa
* Salah Bensalah
* Mohammed Kharbouchi

Production

Casting

Like many North African filmmakers, Lazraq chose to cast non-professional actors to achieve an authentic and raw portrayal of the community in which he sets his story. Abdellatif Masstouri, the film's leading actor, was working as a street-food vendor when he was approached for the role of Hassan. The choice to focus on a father and son in "Hounds" was influenced by Lazraq's experience working with non-professional actors who shared their life stories. While casting for a previous short film, Lazraq met two individuals who were the right age to portray a father and son. They had shared stories about taking on risky jobs and getting trapped in downward spirals, which reminded Lazraq of Vittorio De Sica's ''Bicycle Thieves''. This sparked the idea of exploring a father and son's struggle to survive in ''Hounds''.

In an interview by Tarik Khaldi for Cannes, Lazraq recalls how they discovered the actors who would play the lead roles in the film:

I noticed Ayoub Elaïd (Issam, the son) in a photo. He made me think of Franco Citti in ''Accattone''. I met him, I filmed him, he really gave off a Pasolini vibe. I kept looking and when I wanted to see Ayoub again, he’d disappeared. We looked for him and found him in his village. He came up to us and didn’t understand: ''“I’m not an actor”'', he said. He needed convincing. It was Ayoub who introduced me to Abdellatif Masstouri. He was running a small grilled sardine stand. His face, at once solar and weathered, really struck me. Abdellatif has had a quite the life, very eventful: he went off to Europe, became a Taekwondo champion, served time in prison, and so on. He had something to express. We did some tests with these two actors and it worked.

According to Lazraq, many of his cast members resembled the underworld characters depicted in the film. He noted that a lot of his cast members had spent significant time in jail and committed serious offenses, but "remained very human". One of the actors, unnamed by the director, had experienced a real abduction.

Development

Lazraq's motive for structuring the film over a single day and night was to intensify the viewer's connection to the story's events. This decision was also influenced by his earlier short film, ''Drari'', which also unfolded over one night. Lazraq was drawn to the underground world of dog fights as a metaphor for survival and the challenges faced by marginalized individuals.

Despite favoring improvised dialogue, the director acknowledged the need to rewrite certain scenes when they did not proceed as intended. The storyline evolved during filming and editing, leading to significant rewrites.

''Hounds'' was shot in Casablanca. Lazraq, grappling with the challenges of filming mostly at night, described the experience as incredibly demanding. He recalled the surreal feeling after weeks of shooting, where both actors and crew were exhausted, often losing track of time and place. Following the intense filming period, he slept for two days straight, questioning himself: "What have I done? Is there a film?". He noted that it was only during the editing phase that the film began to take shape.

Director of Photography Amine Berrada has stated that director Lazraq favored a deeply immersive, documentary-style camera for this film, and that the film was shot in sequence to prevent the nonprofessional actors from becoming disoriented. Due to the impracticality of requesting multiple takes or adhering to specific marks, they had to continuously adapt to the actors' performances, which led them to choose to film the movie handheld.

Release

''Hounds'' competed in the Un Certain Regard section at the 76th Cannes Film Festival, where it had its world premiere on 19 May 2023.

It was theatrically released in France on 19 July 2023 by Ad Vitam. The film was previewed on 29 January 2024 at a theater in Casablanca. It was released in theaters in Morocco on 31 January.

Themes

In blending influences for ''Hounds'', Lazraq drew from neo-realism, citing films like ''Bicycle Thieves'' and Pasolini's ''Accattone'' for their portrayal of lost characters navigating city suburbs. He aimed to depict the margins of Moroccan society by grounding the characters in a specific social reality at the beginning of the film, showcasing their struggles to survive and their willingness to accept work for survival.

The film also touches on patriarchal structures. In Moroccan culture, the relationship with fathers is revered, and their authority is rarely challenged. For the father, the son, too reflective, is not a "real" man. For the son, the father, a former convict, has failed in life. Only one person truly holds things together, the grandmother. Despite all the hardship, she clings to her beliefs, passes on values, and knows how to adapt to life's uncertainties and challenges. Lazraq sought to portray this dynamic but also show a tipping point where the son takes control, leading to a reversal in their roles halfway through the film. The theme of masculinity is prominently featured in the film, with the actors frequently discussing the concept of being a man and portraying masculinity as a inherently positive trait. Lazraq highlights the intention to depict how an excess of masculinity can lead to animalistic behavior, as illustrated by the metaphor of the dogfight and the strong resurgence of "beastliness" throughout the film.

Lazraq also alludes to the Greek myth of Sisyphus, condemned to push a boulder uphill only for it to roll back down as he nears the top. He perceives an existentialist theme in the film, where the characters' attempts to find a solution are constantly thwarted, leading to a sense of absurdity.

Awards and nominations

''Hounds'' won several awards, including the Un Certain Regard Award Jury Prize at the 2023 Cannes Film Festival, the Golden Anchor for Best Debut Film at the Haifa International Film Festival, the Grand Prix at the 8th Brussels International Film Festival, and an award for Best Screenplay at the 2023 Stockholm International Film Festival. At the Pingyao Film Festival, Abdellatif Masstouri was awarded a Roberto Rossellini Award for his acting. The film tied with Palestinian director Lina Soualem's ''Bye Bye Tiberias'' for the Jury Prize at the 20th Marrakech International Film Festival. It also received a Prix spécial coup de projecteur UniversCiné ("UniversCiné Special Spotlight Award) at the La Baule Film & Music Festival.

At the Cannes Film Festival, the film competed for the Caméra d'Or award for best first feature films. ''Hounds'' was also nominated for a Lumières Award for Best International Co-Production.

Reception

Critical response

Guy Lodge of ''Variety'' writes that "Kamal Lazraq's father-son crime story is assured and energetic, but stops short of the raucous farce it could have been." He commends the film's atmospheric storytelling and the performances of the nonprofessional actors, noting their authenticity. He suggests that while the film maintains a gritty and discomforting tone, some tonal variation could have enhanced the overall experience. Despite this, Lodge finds the film to be a "notably punchy debut" with a strong sense of place, describing it as "both visceral and confidently cavalier in its depiction of everyday underworld brutality."

In his review for ''The Hollywood Reporter'', Jordan Mintzer describes the film as a "grungy and realistic Casablanca-set thriller," noting its exploration of contemporary Moroccan life through a film noir lens. He praises Lazraq's direction as "impressively executed" but notes it is "a bit of a one-note affair," suggesting it could have benefited from "more dark tragicomedy." Mintzer also compliments the film's bleak portrayal of Casablanca's underbelly, highlighting how every interaction reflects the struggle to survive in a city with limited opportunities.

Hanna Flint of ''The New Arab'' writes that the film is a "tightly-delivered, evenly-paced cinematic skirmish into the underbelly of Moroccan society with admirable performances glueing it together". She praises the film for its use of gallows humor and ability to maintain tension, but suggests it could have further developed its darker comedic elements.

Writing for Cineuropa, Davide Abbatescianni praised the film for its effective portrayal of events over the course of one night, creating a fast-paced narrative that evokes a sense of danger and fear for the lead characters. He further complimented the cinematography and score, describing them as fitting perfectly with the film's "absurd, frenetic" storytelling style. ''Le Monde'''s Jacques Mandelbaum praised the film, describing it as "remarkable".

References

External links

* {{IMDb title, id=25750836

2023 films
2023 crime drama films
2023 crime thriller films
2020s Arabic-language films
2020s French films
Ad Vitam (company) films
Films set in Casablanca
Films shot in Casablanca
Moroccan drama films
French crime drama films
French crime thriller films
Films about kidnapping