''Hollandaea'' is a small

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

of plants in the family

Proteaceae The Proteaceae form a family of flowering plants predominantly distributed in the Southern Hemisphere. The family comprises 83 genera with about 1,660 known species. Together with the Platanaceae and Nelumbonaceae, they make up the order Pro ...

containing four species of

Australian Australian(s) may refer to: Australia * Australia, a country * Australians, citizens of the Commonwealth of Australia ** European Australians ** Anglo-Celtic Australians, Australians descended principally from British colonists ** Aboriginal Au ...

rainforest Rainforests are characterized by a closed and continuous tree canopy, moisture-dependent vegetation, the presence of epiphytes and lianas and the absence of wildfire. Rainforest can be classified as tropical rainforest or temperate rainfores ...

trees. All four species are

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsew ...

to restricted areas of the Wet Tropics of northeast Queensland.

Naming and classification

European science formally described this genus in 1887, authored by German–Australian government botanist

Ferdinand von Mueller Baron Sir Ferdinand Jacob Heinrich von Mueller, (german: Müller; 30 June 1825 – 10 October 1896) was a German-Australian physician, geographer, and most notably, a botanist. He was appointed government botanist for the then colony of Vict ...

, who named it in honour of Sir Henry Holland,

Secretary of State for the Colonies The secretary of state for the colonies or colonial secretary was the Cabinet of the United Kingdom, British Cabinet government minister, minister in charge of managing the United Kingdom's various British Empire, colonial dependencies. Histor ...

from 1888 to 1892.

Lawrie Johnson Lawrence Alexander Sidney Johnson FAA, (26 June 1925 – 1 August 1997) known as Lawrie Johnson, was an Australian taxonomic botanist. He worked at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney, for the whole of his professional career, as a botanist (1948� ...

and

Barbara G. Briggs Barbara Gillian Briggs (born 1934) is one of the foremost Australian botanists. The '' IK'' lists 205 names of plants which have been published or co-published by her. She was one of the botanists in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, of th1998APG ...

noted the unusual fruits and placed genus in its own subtribe Hollandaeinae within the tribe Helicieae in the subfamily

Grevilleoideae The Grevilleoideae are a subfamily of the plant family Proteaceae. Mainly restricted to the Southern Hemisphere, it contains around 46 genera and about 950 species. Genera include ''Banksia'', ''Grevillea'', and ''Macadamia''. Description The ...

in their 1975 monograph " On the Proteaceae: the evolution and classification of a southern family". Molecular genetic analysis shows ''Hollandaea'' correlates most closely with the genus ''

Helicia ''Helicia'' is a genus of 110 species of trees and shrubs, constituting part of the plant family Proteaceae. They grow naturally in rainforests throughout tropical South and Southeast Asia, including India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, Peninsular Mala ...

'' and the two are classified in the subtribe Heliciinae within the tribe Roupaleae.

Species

*'' Hollandaea diabolica'' *'' Hollandaea porphyrocarpa'' *'' Hollandaea riparia'' *'' Hollandaea sayeriana'' :Synonyms: base name: ''Helicia sayeriana'' ; ''Hollandaea sayeri''

Natural distributions

''Hollandaea sayeriana'' is a species of small trees growing naturally only in the region of Mounts

Bellenden Ker Mount Bellenden Ker is the second-highest mountain in Queensland, Australia, with a height of . It is named after the botanist John Bellenden Ker Gawler. Located south of Cairns near Babinda, it is adjacent to Mount Bartle Frere, the state' ...

Bartle Frere Sir Henry Bartle Edward Frere, 1st Baronet, (29 March 1815 – 29 May 1884) was a Welsh British colonial administrator. He had a successful career in India, rising to become Governor of Bombay (1862–1867). However, as High Commissioner for S ...

and the eastern

Atherton Tableland The Atherton Tableland is a fertile plateau which is part of the Great Dividing Range in Queensland, Australia. The principal river flowing across the plateau is the Barron River. It was dammed to form an irrigation reservoir named Lake Tina ...

. They grow naturally as

understory In forestry and ecology, understory (American English), or understorey (Commonwealth English), also known as underbrush or undergrowth, includes plant life growing beneath the forest canopy without penetrating it to any great extent, but abov ...

trees beneath the canopy of rainforests, from the lowlands to tablelands, up to about altitude. this species has the official, current, Queensland Government conservation status of "near threatened" species. ''Hollandaea riparia'' is a species of shrubs and small trees named for growing naturally only in

riparian A riparian zone or riparian area is the interface between land and a river or stream. Riparian is also the proper nomenclature for one of the terrestrial biomes of the Earth. Plant habitats and communities along the river margins and banks ar ...

and

gallery forest A gallery forest is one formed as a corridor along rivers or wetlands, projecting into landscapes that are otherwise only sparsely treed such as savannas, grasslands, or deserts. The gallery forest maintains a more temperate microclimate above th ...

as a

rheophyte A rheophyte is a plant that lives in fast moving water currents in an environment where few other organisms can survive. Rheophytes tend to be found in currents that move at rates of one to two meters per second and that are up to 1 to 2 m deep. Th ...

(river streamside plant). Botanists have found it only in a restricted natural range in the

Daintree Rainforest The Daintree Rainforest is a region on the northeast coast of Queensland, Australia, north of Mossman, Queensland, Mossman and Cairns. At around , the Daintree is a part of the largest continuous area of tropical rainforest on the Australia (co ...

region. this species has the official, current, Queensland government conservation status of "vulnerable" species. The species ''Hollandaea diabolica'' and ''Hollandaea porphyrocarpa'' were both recognised by botanical science only as recently as the 1990s and formally scientifically described in 2012. Around the early 1990s both were recognised only in a restricted area in the mountains west and north west of

Mossman, Queensland Mossman is a rural town and locality in the Shire of Douglas, Queensland, Australia. It is the administrative centre for the Douglas Shire Council In the , the locality of Mossman had a population of 1,937 people. Geography Mossman in Far N ...

. A population of ''H. diabolica'' affinity was subsequently found south of

Mount Bellenden Ker Mount Bellenden Ker is the second-highest mountain in Queensland, Australia, with a height of . It is named after the botanist John Bellenden Ker Gawler. Located south of Cairns, Queensland, Cairns near Babinda, Queensland, Babinda, it is adj ...

but collections were only of sterile material and not yet fertile and fruiting material. Both species may only grow naturally in the restricted mountains areas reported and further field work will clarify this.

References

Cited works

* * {{Taxonbar, from=Q9004474 Proteaceae Proteaceae genera Proteales of Australia Trees of Australia Endemic flora of Queensland Wet Tropics of Queensland