The VIH Holland H.1 was a Dutch two seat, low-powered

biplane A biplane is a fixed-wing aircraft with two main wings stacked one above the other. The first powered, controlled aeroplane to fly, the Wright Flyer, used a biplane wing arrangement, as did many aircraft in the early years of aviation. While ...

. Only one was built.

Design and development

By late 1923 Joop Carley had already designed and built the single seat

Carley C.12 The Carley C.12 was a small Dutch single seat sporting monoplane from the 1920s. There were several developments but only small numbers were produced. Design and development Like his earlier Carley S.1, Joop Carley's C.12 was a compact single ...

monoplane and received funding from Vliegtuig Industrie Holland (VIH) for its development. He set up Carley's Aeroplanes Company for the purpose and also designed a new two seat biplane. The expense of the C.12 development, called the C.12a, forced Carley Aircraft into liquidation and VIH took over the company's stock, including the biplane which they called the Holland H.1. Its development was led by Theo Slot and Van der Kwast. The Holland H.1 was a small, unequal span biplane with a lower wingspan 4% greater than the upper. Both wings were essentially rectangular in plan and built around pairs of

spruce A spruce is a tree of the genus ''Picea'' (), a genus of about 35 species of coniferous evergreen trees in the family Pinaceae, found in the northern temperate and boreal (taiga) regions of the Earth. ''Picea'' is the sole genus in the subfami ...

box-spars, with

plywood Plywood is a material manufactured from thin layers or "plies" of wood veneer that are glued together with adjacent layers having their wood grain rotated up to 90 degrees to one another. It is an engineered wood from the family of manufactured ...

leading edges and fabric covering elsewhere. They were braced together as a

single bay A biplane is a fixed-wing aircraft with two main wings stacked one above the other. The first powered, controlled aeroplane to fly, the Wright Flyer, used a biplane wing arrangement, as did many aircraft in the early years of aviation. While ...

structure by inward-leaning N-form interplane struts between the spars, strengthened by diagonal pairs of parallel struts from their tops to the lower wing root. Only the lower wings had dihedral and only they carried the H.1's narrow

chord Chord may refer to: * Chord (music), an aggregate of musical pitches sounded simultaneously ** Guitar chord a chord played on a guitar, which has a particular tuning * Chord (geometry), a line segment joining two points on a curve * Chord ( ...

, unbalanced ailerons. The upper wing was held well above the fuselage by a pair of parallel, transverse, inverted V-struts and a strongly rearward-leaning upright V-strut from the forward fuselage. The H.1 was powered by a , three cylinder radial Anzani engine externally mounted on the nose. The

-covered fuselage was rectangular in section and flat-sided apart from the upper surface which was essentially an extended head-fairing for the pilot's

cockpit A cockpit or flight deck is the area, usually near the front of an aircraft or spacecraft, from which a Pilot in command, pilot controls the aircraft. The cockpit of an aircraft contains flight instruments on an instrument panel, and the ...

, very like that of the Carley C.12. The pilot was placed at the trailing edge, where circular cut-outs in both the upper and lower wings improved his field of view. The passenger or pupil's cockpit was immediately ahead of thim at mid-chord. At the rear the straight-edged tailplane was mounted on top of the fuselage. Its

angle of incidence Angle of incidence is a measure of deviation of something from "straight on" and may refer to: * Angle of incidence (aerodynamics), angle between a wing chord and the longitudinal axis, as distinct from angle of attack In fluid dynamics, ang ...

was adjustable, though sources differ on whether this could be done in-flight or only on the ground. The fin was built into the fuselage structure; early photographs, taken before the H.1's registration, show the original profile of the vertical tail was trapezoidal and again very like that of the Carley C.12. It was later redesigned; images recorded after its registration as ''H-NACD'' in the summer of 1924 show a roughly quadrantal fin with a pointed, vertically-edged rudder. In both forms the rudder ran down to the keel, working in a cut-out in the broad-chord elevator. The rear control surfaces, like the ailerons, were unbalanced. The Holland H.1 had a conventional fixed tailskid

undercarriage Undercarriage is the part of a moving vehicle that is underneath the main body of the vehicle. The term originally applied to this part of a horse-drawn carriage, and usage has since broadened to include: *The landing gear of an aircraft. *The ch ...

with its mainwheels on a single axle and a track of . The axle was mounted via bungee shock absorbers to short vertical legs with and rearward drag struts, both attached to the lower fuselage

longeron In engineering, a longeron and stringer is the load-bearing component of a framework. The term is commonly used in connection with aircraft fuselages and automobile chassis. Longerons are used in conjunction with stringers to form structural ...

Operational history

The H.1 was flown for the first time in late March or early April 1924 by Reparlier at Waalhaven. At the beginning of May VIH entered the C.12a and the H.1 into the ''Tour de France'' contest, which was to be held between 24 July and 10 August, starting and finishing in Paris. In all, fifteen aircraft were entered. The H.1 was to fly as a single seater, a Tour class which was limited to aircraft with engines of less than , so the Anzani needed some minor modification to reduced its capacity to . On 11 July the single seat Holland H.2, a development of the C.12a with a new fuselage and a vertical tail revision like that made to the H.1, took its first flight and VIH decided to enter it, rather than the H.1, in the Tour. Little more is known about the career of the H.1, though it was advertised for sale in June 1925. VIH went bankrupt in 1924, their assets acquired by

Pander & Son Pander & Son was a Dutch aircraft company based in The Hague, founded by Harmen Pander and his son Henk Pander. History Harmen Pander was the managing director of a furniture company which in 1924 bought the assets of the bankrupt ''Vliegtuig Ind ...

Specifications

References

{{reflist, refs= {{cite book , title= De Nederlandse vliegtuigen, last= Wesselink, first=Theo, last2=Postma, first2=Thijs, year=1982 , publisher=Romen , location=Haarlem , isbn=90 228 3792 0, pages=36, 38–40 {{cite journal , date=13 November 1924 , title=The "Holland" light 'planes, journal= Flight, volume=46 , issue=XVI , page=722 , url= https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1924/1924%20-%200722.html {{cite journal , last=Serryer , first=J , date=29 May 1924, title=L'avionnette "Holland I" , journal=Les Ailes, issue=154 , pages=2, url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k65561000/f2 1920s Dutch aircraft