Minamoto clan
was one of the surnames bestowed by the Emperors of Japan upon members of the imperial family who were excluded from the line of succession and demoted into the ranks of the nobility from 1192 to 1333. The practice was most prevalent during th ...
. It originated in and took its name from Matsudaira village, in
Mikawa Province
was an old province in the area that today forms the eastern half of Aichi Prefecture. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Mikawa''" in . Its abbreviated form name was . Mikawa bordered on Owari, Mino, Shinano, and Tōtōmi Provinces.
Mi ...
Sengoku period
The was a period in History of Japan, Japanese history of near-constant civil war and social upheaval from 1467 to 1615.
The Sengoku period was initiated by the Ōnin War in 1467 which collapsed the Feudalism, feudal system of Japan under the ...
, the chieftain of the main line of the Matsudaira clan, Matsudaira Motoyasu became a powerful regional daimyo under Oda Nobunaga and
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
, otherwise known as and , was a Japanese samurai and ''daimyō'' (feudal lord) of the late Sengoku period regarded as the second "Great Unifier" of Japan.Richard Holmes, The World Atlas of Warfare: Military Innovations that Changed the Cour ...
and changed his name to
Tokugawa Ieyasu
was the founder and first ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa Shogunate of Japan, which ruled Japan from 1603 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868. He was one of the three "Great Unifiers" of Japan, along with his former lord Oda Nobunaga and fello ...
. He subsequently seized power as the first
shōgun
, officially , was the title of the military dictators of Japan during most of the period spanning from 1185 to 1868. Nominally appointed by the Emperor, shoguns were usually the de facto rulers of the country, though during part of the Kamak ...
of the
Tokugawa shogunate
The Tokugawa shogunate (, Japanese 徳川幕府 ''Tokugawa bakufu''), also known as the , was the military government of Japan during the Edo period from 1603 to 1868. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"''Tokugawa-jidai''"in ''Japan Encyclopedia ...
which ruled Japan during the
Edo period
The or is the period between 1603 and 1867 in the history of Japan, when Japan was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate and the country's 300 regional '' daimyo''. Emerging from the chaos of the Sengoku period, the Edo period was characte ...
until the
Meiji restoration
The , referred to at the time as the , and also known as the Meiji Renovation, Revolution, Regeneration, Reform, or Renewal, was a political event that restored practical imperial rule to Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji. Although there were ...
of 1868. Under the Tokugawa shogunate, many cadet branches of the clan retained the Matsudaira surname, and numerous new branches were formed in the decades after Ieyasu. Some of those branches were also of ''
daimyō
were powerful Japanese magnates, feudal lords who, from the 10th century to the early Meiji period in the middle 19th century, ruled most of Japan from their vast, hereditary land holdings. They were subordinate to the shogun and nominal ...
'' status.
After the
Meiji Restoration
The , referred to at the time as the , and also known as the Meiji Renovation, Revolution, Regeneration, Reform, or Renewal, was a political event that restored practical imperial rule to Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji. Although there were ...
Mikawa Province
was an old province in the area that today forms the eastern half of Aichi Prefecture. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Mikawa''" in . Its abbreviated form name was . Mikawa bordered on Owari, Mino, Shinano, and Tōtōmi Provinces.
Mi ...
. Its origins are uncertain, but in the Sengoku era, the clan claimed descent from the medieval
Seiwa Genji
The is a line of the Japanese Minamoto clan that is descended from Emperor Seiwa, which is the most successful and powerful line of the clan. Many of the most famous Minamoto warriors, including Minamoto no Yoshiie, Minamoto no Yoritomo, the fo ...
branch of the
Minamoto clan
was one of the surnames bestowed by the Emperors of Japan upon members of the imperial family who were excluded from the line of succession and demoted into the ranks of the nobility from 1192 to 1333. The practice was most prevalent during th ...
. According to this claim, the founder of the Matsudaira line was Matsudaira Chikauji, who lived in the 14th century and established himself in Mikawa Province, at Matsudaira village.
National historic sites
The location of Matsudaira village is within the borders of the modern city of
Toyota, Aichi
, formerly known as Koromo, is a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 426,162 and a population density of 464 people per km2. The total area was . It is located about 35 minutes from Nagoya by way of the Meite ...
. A number of locations associated with the early history of the clan were collectively designated a National Historic Site of Japan in the year 2000. These include:
# The ruins of a Sengoku period fortified residence on the eastern bank of the Tomoe River (Asuke River) which was the birthplace of Tokugawa Ieyasu. The site is now part of a Shinto Shrine, the
Matsudaira Tosho-gu
The was a Japanese samurai clan that descended from the Minamoto clan. It originated in and took its name from Matsudaira village, in Mikawa Province (modern-day Aichi Prefecture). During the Sengoku period, the chieftain of the main line of t ...
, which was built in 1615, after Tokugawa Ieyasu's death and deification.
#
Matsudaira Castle
The was a Japanese samurai clan that descended from the Minamoto clan. It originated in and took its name from Matsudaira village, in Mikawa Province (modern-day Aichi Prefecture). During the Sengoku period, the chieftain of the main line of t ...
, from which the Matsudaira clan ruled over a portion of
Mikawa Province
was an old province in the area that today forms the eastern half of Aichi Prefecture. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Mikawa''" in . Its abbreviated form name was . Mikawa bordered on Owari, Mino, Shinano, and Tōtōmi Provinces.
Mi ...
during the Sengoku period.
# Ōgyū Castle, built around 1507 and used by the clan to 1575
# Kōgetsu-in, a Buddhist temple and ''
bodaiji
A in Japanese Buddhism is a temple which, generation after generation, takes care of a family's dead, giving them burial and performing ceremonies in their soul's favor.Iwanami kojien The name is derived from the term , which originally meant jus ...
'' for the Matsudaira clan
file:Matsudaira Toshogu.jpg, Matsudaira Tosho-gu
file:Matsudairago3.jpg, Kogetsu-in
Sengoku period
Minor power between major neighbors
In its territory in Mikawa Province, the Matsudaira clan was surrounded by much more powerful neighbors. To the west was the territory of the Oda clan of Owari Province; to the east, the
Imagawa clan
was a Japanese samurai clan that claimed descent from the Seiwa Genji by way of the Kawachi Genji. It was a branch of the Minamoto clan by the Ashikaga clan.
Origins
Ashikaga Kuniuji, grandson of Ashikaga Yoshiuji, established himself in ...
of Suruga. Each generation of Matsudaira family head had to carefully negotiate his relationship with these neighbors.
Branches of the Matsudaira clan
Before the Edo period, there were 19 major branches of the Matsudaira clan: , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and . Each of these branches (with the exception of the Kaga-Matsudaira, which relocated to Kaga Province) took its name from the area in Mikawa where it resided. Also, many of the branches often fought with each other.
Matsudaira of Okazaki
It was the main Matsudaira line residing in
Okazaki Castle
is a Japanese castle located in Okazaki, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. At the end of the Edo period, Okazaki Castle was home to the Honda clan, ''daimyō'' of Okazaki Domain, but the castle is better known for its association with Tokugawa Ieyasu an ...
which rose the highest during the Sengoku period. During the headship of
Matsudaira Hirotada
was the lord of Okazaki Castle in Mikawa province, Japan during the Sengoku Period of the 16th century.
He is best known for being the father of Tokugawa Ieyasu, founder of the Tokugawa Shogunate.
Biography
Hirotada was the son of Matsudaira ...
, it was threatened by the Oda and Imagawa clans, and for a time was forcibly brought into Imagawa service. After the death of
Imagawa Yoshimoto
was a pre-eminent ''daimyō'' (feudal lord) in the Sengoku period Japan. Based in Suruga Province, he was known as . he was one of the three ''daimyōs'' that dominated the Tōkaidō region.
He died in 1560 while marching to Kyoto to become S ...
and the fall from power of the Imagawa clan, Hirotada's son Matsudaira Motoyasu was successful in forming an alliance with Oda Nobunaga, the hegemon of Owari Province. Motoyasu is better known as
Tokugawa Ieyasu
was the founder and first ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa Shogunate of Japan, which ruled Japan from 1603 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868. He was one of the three "Great Unifiers" of Japan, along with his former lord Oda Nobunaga and fello ...
, who became the first Tokugawa shōgun in 1603.
Matsudaira branches and the use of the surname
Pre-Edo branches
Several of the pre-Edo branch families survived into the Edo period; some of them became ''
daimyō
were powerful Japanese magnates, feudal lords who, from the 10th century to the early Meiji period in the middle 19th century, ruled most of Japan from their vast, hereditary land holdings. They were subordinate to the shogun and nominal ...
s''. The Takiwaki-Matsudaira family became ''daimyōs'' of the Ojima Domain, and from 1868 to 1871, ruled the
Sakurai Domain
Sakurai may refer to:
__NOTOC__ Places
* Sakurai, Nara, a city located in Nara Prefecture, Japan
** Sakurai Line, a railway line operated by West Japan Railway Company in Nara Prefecture
** Sakurai Station (Nara), a railway station in Sakurai, Nara ...
. The Nagasawa-Matsudaira, also known as the Ōkōchi-Matsudaira, had several branches, one of them ruled the Yoshida Domain of
Mikawa Province
was an old province in the area that today forms the eastern half of Aichi Prefecture. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Mikawa''" in . Its abbreviated form name was . Mikawa bordered on Owari, Mino, Shinano, and Tōtōmi Provinces.
Mi ...
. A prominent Nagasawa-Matsudaira is the early
Edo-period
The or is the period between 1603 and 1867 in the history of Japan, when Japan was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate and the country's 300 regional '' daimyo''. Emerging from the chaos of the Sengoku period, the Edo period was characteri ...
politician
Matsudaira Nobutsuna
was a Japanese ''daimyō'' of the early Edo period, who ruled the Kawagoe Domain. First serving Tokugawa Iemitsu as a page, Nobutsuna was renowned for his sagacity. He was named a rōjū in 1633. Nobutsuna led the shogunal forces to their final vi ...
. The Fukōzu-Matsudaira ruled the
Shimabara Domain
The was a Japanese domain of the Edo period. It is associated with Hizen Province in modern-day Saga Prefecture.DF__...,_who_were_''Kirishitan">DF_6-7_of_80/nowiki>">DF__...,_who_were_''Kirishitan_daimyō.html" ;"title="Kirishitan.html" ;"title ...
. The Sakurai-Matsudaira ruled the Amagasaki Domain. The Ogyū-Matsudaira had many branches, one of which ruled the
Okutono Domain
, also known as Okudono, Papinot, Jacques Edmond Joseph. (1906). ''Dictionnaire d’histoire et de géographie du Japon''; Papinot, (2003)"Matsudaira (Ōgyū)" at ''Nobiliare du Japon'', pp. 30-32 retrieved 2013-7-9. was a feudal domain under th ...
.
Nagai Naoyuki
, also known as or , was a Japanese hatamoto under the Tokugawa of Bakumatsu period Japan.
His great-great-grandchild was Yukio Mishima. Naoyuki's adopted son, Iwanojō Nagai, was the father of Natsu, who was Mishima's grandmother. Iwanojō's r ...
was a prominent
Bakumatsu
was the final years of the Edo period when the Tokugawa shogunate ended. Between 1853 and 1867, Japan ended its isolationist foreign policy known as and changed from a feudal Tokugawa shogunate to the modern empire of the Meiji governm ...
-era descendant of the Ogyū-Matsudaira of Okutono. Other pre-Edo branches of the family became
hatamoto
A was a high ranking samurai in the direct service of the Tokugawa shogunate of feudal Japan. While all three of the shogunates in Japanese history had official retainers, in the two preceding ones, they were referred to as '' gokenin.'' Howev ...
.
Tokugawa branches and the Matsudaira surname
The Tokugawa surname was not granted to all of the sons of the shōgun or the heads of the six main Tokugawa branches. Only the inheritor received the Tokugawa name, while all of his siblings would receive the Matsudaira surname. For example, the last shōgun Tokugawa Yoshinobu was not the firstborn heir of his father (
Tokugawa Nariaki
Tokugawa Nariaki (徳川 斉昭, April 4, 1800 – September 29, 1860) was a prominent Japanese ''daimyō'' who ruled the Mito Domain (now Ibaraki Prefecture) and contributed to the rise of nationalism and the Meiji Restoration.
Biography
C ...
of
Mito
Mito may refer to:
Places
*Mito, Ibaraki, capital city of Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan
*Mito, Aichi, a Japanese town
*Mito, Shimane, a Japanese town
* Mitō, Yamaguchi, a Japanese town
* Mito District, a district in the province of Concepción, Per ...
). Consequently, Yoshinobu was known as Matsudaira Shichirōma during his minority. Some of these sons, particularly of the 3 main Tokugawa branches (the ''
Gosanke
The , also called simply , or even , were the most noble three branches of the Tokugawa clan of Japan: Owari, Kii, and Mito, all of which were descended from clan founder Tokugawa Ieyasu's three youngest sons, Yoshinao, Yorinobu, and Yorifusa ...
''), formed their own families, and received their own fiefs. These included
Takamatsu
270px, Takamatsu City Hall
270px, Aerial view of Takamatsu city center
270px, View from Yashima to Takashima port
is a city located in Kagawa Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 414,134 in 190120 households and a popul ...
, Shishido, Fuchū, and Moriyama (branches of the Mito Tokugawa); Saijō (a branch of the Kii Tokugawa); and Takasu (a branch of the Owari Tokugawa). Notable Matsudaira of these branches include Matsudaira Yoritoshi of Takamatsu, and
Matsudaira Yoritaka
Viscount was a Japanese ''daimyō'' of the late Edo period who served as daimyō of Shishido han. Retiring early, he was succeeded by his son Matsudaira Yorinori, but Yoritaka returned to headship following Yorinori's death in 1864. Though the ...
of Fuchū.
Yoritsune Matsudaira
was a Japanese composer of contemporary classical music.
Matsudaira was descended, on his father's side of the family, from the Matsudaira clan, related to the Tokugawa clan who ruled Japan as ''shōgun'' during the Edo period (specifically ...
and his son Yoriaki Matsudaira, who were 20th-century composers, were descendants of the Matsudaira of Fuchū.
Yūki-Matsudaira clan (Echizen)
The Yūki-Matsudaira clan was founded by Tokugawa Ieyasu's son
Yūki Hideyasu
was a Japanese samurai who lived during the Azuchi–Momoyama and early Edo periods. He was the ''daimyō'' of Fukui Domain in Echizen.
Early life
Hideyasu was born as in 1574, the second son of Tokugawa Ieyasu, by Lady Oman (also known as L ...
. Several branches of the Yūki-Matsudaira came into existence during the Edo period. Though the Yūki-Matsudaira retained control of Kitanoshō (later renamed Fukui), the main Yūki line was not there, but in
Tsuyama
is a city in Okayama Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 102,294 and a population density of 200 persons per km². The total area was 185.73 km². The area increased in 2005 as the result of a merger with adjacent t ...
instead. Branches of the family ruled the
Fukui
is a Japanese name meaning "fortunate" or sometimes "one who is from the Fukui prefecture". It may refer to:
Places
* Fukui Domain, a part of the Japanese han system during the Edo period
* Fukui Prefecture, a prefecture of Japan located in ...
, Hirose, Mori,
Matsue
is the capital city of Shimane Prefecture, Japan, located in the Chūgoku region of Honshu. The city has an estimated population of 202,008 (February 1, 2021) following the merger with Higashiizumo from Yatsuka District.
Matsue is located ...
, Tsuyama,
Akashi Akashi may refer to:
People
*Akashi (surname)
Places
*Akashi, Hyōgo
*Akashi Station, a Japanese railroad station on the Sanyō Main Line
*Akashi Strait
*Akashi Kaikyō Bridge, crossing the former
*Akashi Castle
*Akashi Domain
* Akashi, the name ...
, Itoigawa, and
Maebashi
is the capital city of Gunma Prefecture, in the northern Kantō region of Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 335,352 in 151,171 households, and a population density of 1100 persons per km2. The total area of the city is . It ...
domains. Famous Yūki-Matsudaira include
Matsudaira Naritami
was a Japanese ''daimyō'' of the late Edo period who ruled the Tsuyama Domain of Mimasaka Province.
Born Tokugawa Ginnosuke (銀之助), the 16th son of the ''shōgun'' Tokugawa Ienari, Naritami was adopted by Matsudaira Naritaka of Tsuyama. ...
and
Matsudaira Yoshinaga
, also known as Matsudaira Keiei,Beasley, William G. (1955). ''Select Documents on Japanese Foreign Policy, 1853–1868'', p. 335. or better known as Matsudaira Shungaku (春嶽) was a Japanese ''daimyō'' of the Edo period. He was head of the ...
, two ''daimyōs'' of the late Edo period. Matsudaira Yoshinaga in particular was very important to Japanese politics of the early Meiji period, and his leadership put the Fukui Domain on the side of the victors in the Boshin War (1868–69).
Hisamatsu-Matsudaira clan
The Hisamatsu-Matsudaira clan was founded by Tokugawa Ieyasu's half-brother
Hisamatsu Sadakatsu
was a Japanese ''daimyō'' of the early Edo period, who served the Tokugawa clan. He was the half-brother of Tokugawa Ieyasu. His father was Hisamatsu Toshikatsu and his mother was Odai no Kata, Tokugawa Ieyasu
was the founder and fir ...
. Due to his close relation to Ieyasu, Sadakatsu was allowed the use of the Matsudaira surname. Eventually, some of the branches of the Hisamatsu-Matsudaira were also allowed the use of the Tokugawa family crest, as well as being formally recognized as Tokugawa relatives ('' shinpan''), rather than simply being a '' fudai'' family. Branches of the Hisamatsu-Matsudaira ruled the Kuwana,
Imabari
270px, Imabari City Hall
270px, Aerial view of Imabari city center
is a city in Ehime Prefecture, Japan. It is the second largest city in Ehime Prefecture. , the city had an estimated population of 152,111 in 75947 households and a population ...
, and Iyo-Matsuyama domains. Famous Hisamatsu-Matsudaira include the political reformer
Matsudaira Sadanobu
was a Japanese ''daimyō'' of the mid-Edo period, famous for his financial reforms which saved the Shirakawa Domain, and the similar reforms he undertook during his tenure as chief of the Tokugawa shogunate, from 1787 to 1793.
Early life
Mat ...
, the final
Kyoto Shoshidai
The was an important administrative and political office in the Tokugawa shogunate. The office was the personal representative of the military dictators Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi in Kyoto, the seat of the Japanese Emperor, and was ado ...
Matsudaira Sadaaki
was a Japanese ''daimyō'' of the Bakumatsu period, who was the last ruler of the Kuwana Domain. Sadaaki was the adopted heir of Matsudaira Sadamichi, the descendant of Matsudaira Sadatsuna, Sadatsuna, the third son of Hisamatsu Sadakatsu (1569 ...
, and shogunate politician
Itakura Katsukiyo
was a Japanese ''daimyō'' of the late Edo period. Famed for his tenure as rōjū, Itakura later became a Shinto priest.
Biography
Itakura, born to the Hisamatsu-Matsudaira of the Kuwana Domain, was adopted by Itakura Katsutsune, the lord of ...
The Ochi-Matsudaira clan was founded by Matsudaira Kiyotake, the younger brother of the 6th shōgun Tokugawa Ienobu. The Ochi-Matsudaira ruled the
Hamada Domain
The was a Japanese domain of the Edo period. It was associated with Iwami Province in modern-day Shimane Prefecture.Chōshū Domain forces under
Ōmura Masujirō
was a Japanese military leader and theorist in Bakumatsu period Japan. He was the "Father" of the Imperial Japanese Army, launching a modern military force closely patterned after the French system of the day.
Early life and education
Ōmura ...
during the Chōshū War. Matsudaira Takeakira, the last ''daimyō'', escaped Hamada and went to Tsuruta, one of the domain's non-contiguous territories; there he set up the Tsuruta Domain, which existed until the abolition of the domains in 1871. In the Meiji era, Takeakira's son Matsudaira (Ochi) Takenaga received the title of
viscount
A viscount ( , for male) or viscountess (, for female) is a title used in certain European countries for a noble of varying status.
In many countries a viscount, and its historical equivalents, was a non-hereditary, administrative or judicia ...
.
Hoshina-Matsudaira clan (Aizu)
The Hoshina-Matsudaira clan was founded by Hoshina Masayuki. Masayuki, a son of the second shōgun Tokugawa Hidetada, was adopted by
Hoshina Masamitsu
was a Japanese ''daimyō'' of the Edo period, who served the Tokugawa clan. Masamitsu was the son of Hoshina Masanao, and after having lent his support to Tokugawa Ieyasu at the 1600 Battle of Sekigahara, he was given the Takatō fief in 1600. ...
, the lord of the
Takatō Domain
was a domain of the Tokugawa Shogunate of Japan during the Edo period from 1600 to 1871.
The Takatō Domain was based at Takatō Castle in Shinano Province, in the modern city of Ina, located in the Chūbu region of the island of Honshu. The T ...
. Masayuki was recognized as a relative of the Tokugawa family by his half-brother
Tokugawa Iemitsu
Tokugawa Iemitsu (徳川 家光, August 12, 1604 – June 8, 1651) was the third ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa dynasty. He was the eldest son of Tokugawa Hidetada with Oeyo, and the grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu. Lady Kasuga was his wet nurse, who a ...
; after Iemitsu's death, Masayuki served as a regent for his nephew, the underaged shōgun
Tokugawa Ietsuna
was the fourth ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa dynasty of Japan who was in office from 1651 to 1680. He is considered the eldest son of Tokugawa Iemitsu, which makes him the grandson of Tokugawa Hidetada and the great-grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu.
E ...
, thus effectively running the shogunate. It was at this time that Masayuki received rulership of the fief of Aizu (with an income of 230,000 '' koku''). Two generations later, during the reign of the 3rd lord Masakata, the family was allowed the use of the Matsudaira surname and crest. The family remained prominent in shogunate affairs and in security duty in Ezo (
Hokkaido
is Japan's second largest island and comprises the largest and northernmost prefecture, making up its own region. The Tsugaru Strait separates Hokkaidō from Honshu; the two islands are connected by the undersea railway Seikan Tunnel.
The lar ...
). It also sponsored several schools of martial arts, as well as working to develop and spread the production of local crafts. In the
Bakumatsu period
was the final years of the Edo period when the Tokugawa shogunate ended. Between 1853 and 1867, Japan ended its isolationist foreign policy known as and changed from a feudal Tokugawa shogunate to the modern empire of the Meiji govern ...
, the 8th lord Matsudaira Katataka assisted with security duties during and after the arrival of the
Perry Expedition
The Perry Expedition ( ja, 黒船来航, , "Arrival of the Black Ships") was a diplomatic and military expedition during 1853–1854 to the Tokugawa Shogunate involving two separate voyages by warships of the United States Navy. The goals of thi ...
; Katataka's successor, 9th lord
Matsudaira Katamori
Matsudaira Katamori after the Meiji restoration
was a samurai who lived in Bakumatsu period and the early to mid Meiji period Japan. He was the 9th ''daimyō'' of the Aizu Domain and the Kyoto Shugoshoku (Military Commissioner of Kyoto). He i ...
served as ''
Kyoto Shugoshoku
The was a Japanese bureaucratic office of the Tokugawa shogunate from 1862 through 1868.Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Kyōto-shugoshoku''" in ; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, ''see'Deutsche Nationalbibl ...
'', but his clan was later defeated in the Boshin War. The Aizu-Matsudaira survived the Meiji Restoration, and were ennobled with the title of
viscount
A viscount ( , for male) or viscountess (, for female) is a title used in certain European countries for a noble of varying status.
In many countries a viscount, and its historical equivalents, was a non-hereditary, administrative or judicia ...
. Katamori's son
Morio Matsudaira
Viscount was an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy.
Biography
Morio Matsudaira was the son of Matsudaira Katamori, the former ''daimyō'' of Aizu-Wakamatsu domain in what is now Fukushima prefecture. He was born at the Matsudaira's Tokyo re ...
served as an admiral in the
Imperial Japanese Navy
The Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN; Kyūjitai: Shinjitai: ' 'Navy of the Greater Japanese Empire', or ''Nippon Kaigun'', 'Japanese Navy') was the navy of the Empire of Japan from 1868 to 1945, when it was dissolved following Japan's surrend ...
. The family survives to the present day. Isao Matsudaira, who was governor of Fukushima Prefecture in the 1980s, was a descendant of this family.
Princess Chichibu
was a member of the Japanese Imperial Family and the wife of Prince Chichibu, the second son of Emperor Taishō and Empress Teimei. Setsuko was a sister-in-law of Emperor Shōwa and an aunt-in-law of the Emperor Akihito.
Early life
Setsuko Mat ...
Prince Chichibu
, was the second son of Emperor Taishō (Yoshihito) and Empress Teimei (Sadako), a younger brother of Emperor Shōwa (Hirohito) and a general in the Imperial Japanese Army. As a member of the Imperial House of Japan, he was the patron of severa ...
Yasuhito, was another.
Matsudaira as an honorific
Over the course of the Edo period, the Tokugawa shogunate granted the use of the Matsudaira surname to certain families as an honorific. These families included both '' fudai'' and '' tozama daimyō'' families. The
Date clan
The is a Japanese samurai kin group. Papinot, Jacques Edmond Joseph. (1906). ''Dictionnaire d’histoire et de géographie du Japon''; Papinot, (2003)"Date", ''Nobiliare du Japon'', p. 5 retrieved 2013-5-5.
History
The Date family was founded ...
Shimazu clan
The were the ''daimyō'' of the Satsuma han, which spread over Satsuma, Ōsumi and Hyūga provinces in Japan.
The Shimazu were identified as one of the '' tozama'' or outsider ''daimyō'' familiesAppert, Georges ''et al.'' (1888). in cont ...
of
Satsuma Satsuma may refer to:
* Satsuma (fruit), a citrus fruit
* ''Satsuma'' (gastropod), a genus of land snails
Places Japan
* Satsuma, Kagoshima, a Japanese town
* Satsuma District, Kagoshima, a district in Kagoshima Prefecture
* Satsuma Domain, a sou ...
, the
Mōri clan
The Mōri clan (毛利氏 ''Mōri-shi'') was a Japanese samurai clan descended from Ōe no Hiromoto. Ōe no Hiromoto was descended from the Fujiwara clan. The family's most illustrious member, Mōri Motonari, greatly expanded the clan's pow ...
of Choshu, the
Maeda clan
was a Japanese samurai clan who occupied most of the Hokuriku region of central Honshū from the end of the Sengoku period through the Meiji restoration of 1868. The Maeda claimed descent from the Sugawara clan of Sugawara no Kiyotomo and Sugaw ...
of Kaga (and its branches at Daishōji and Toyama), the Yamanouchi clan of Tosa, the Kuroda clan of Fukuoka, the Asano clan of Hiroshima (and its branch at Hiroshima-shinden), the Nabeshima of Saga, the Ikeda of Tottori (as well as its branches of Okayama, Shikano, Wakazakura, Hirafuku, as well as hatamoto-level Ikeda), and the Hachisuka of Tokushima were all ''tozama'' families that had the use of the Matsudaira surname. The Yanagisawa clan of Yamato"Tokugawa shogun-ke to Matsudaira ichizoku", p. 183. and Honjō clan of Miyazu were two ''fudai'' families among those who had the right to use the Matsudaira surname. In addition, if a Tokugawa princess married into another family, her husband had the right to use the Matsudaira surname and the Tokugawa crest for one generation.
Present day
Prominent Matsudaira in the present day include Ryūmon Matsudaira (actor), and
Iyo-Matsuyama Domain
270px, Matsudaira Katsushige, 13th daimyō of Iyo-Matsuyama Domain
was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, in what is now central Ehime Prefecture on the island of Shikoku. It was centered around Matsuyama Cast ...
Matsudaira Hisamatsu family of branch family bannermen hits the descendants Sadatomo Matsudaira (ja; former anchor for
NHK
, also known as NHK, is a Japanese public broadcaster. NHK, which has always been known by this romanized initialism in Japanese, is a statutory corporation funded by viewers' payments of a television license fee.
NHK operates two terrestr ...
Matsudaira Kiyoyasu
was the 7th lord over the Matsudaira clan during the Sengoku period (16th century) of Japan. Kiyoyasu was the grandfather of the third "great unifier of Japan", Tokugawa Ieyasu.
Biography
Kiyoyasu gained control of the whole of northern Mika ...
(1511–1535)
*
Matsudaira Hirotada
was the lord of Okazaki Castle in Mikawa province, Japan during the Sengoku Period of the 16th century.
He is best known for being the father of Tokugawa Ieyasu, founder of the Tokugawa Shogunate.
Biography
Hirotada was the son of Matsudaira ...
(1526–1549)
*
Tokugawa Ieyasu
was the founder and first ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa Shogunate of Japan, which ruled Japan from 1603 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868. He was one of the three "Great Unifiers" of Japan, along with his former lord Oda Nobunaga and fello ...
(1543–1616)
*
Tokugawa Hidetada
was the second ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa dynasty, who ruled from 1605 until his abdication in 1623. He was the third son of Tokugawa Ieyasu, the first ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate.
Early life (1579–1593)
Tokugawa Hidetada was bo ...
(1579–1632)
*
Tokugawa Iemitsu
Tokugawa Iemitsu (徳川 家光, August 12, 1604 – June 8, 1651) was the third ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa dynasty. He was the eldest son of Tokugawa Hidetada with Oeyo, and the grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu. Lady Kasuga was his wet nurse, who a ...
(1604–1651)
*
Tokugawa Ietsuna
was the fourth ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa dynasty of Japan who was in office from 1651 to 1680. He is considered the eldest son of Tokugawa Iemitsu, which makes him the grandson of Tokugawa Hidetada and the great-grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu.
E ...
(1641–1680)
*
Tokugawa Tsunayoshi
was the fifth ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa dynasty of Japan. He was the younger brother of Tokugawa Ietsuna, as well as the son of Tokugawa Iemitsu, the grandson of Tokugawa Hidetada, and the great-grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu.Nussbaum, Louis-Fr ...
(1646–1709)
*
Tokugawa Ienobu
(June 11, 1662 – November 12, 1712) was the sixth ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa dynasty of Japan. He was the eldest son of Tokugawa Tsunashige, thus making him the nephew of Tokugawa Ietsuna and Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, the grandson of Tokugawa Iemi ...
(1662–1712)
*
Tokugawa Ietsugu
Tokugawa Ietsugu; 徳川 家継 (August 8, 1709 – June 19, 1716) was the seventh ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa dynasty, who ruled from 1713 until his death in 1716. He was the son of Tokugawa Ienobu, thus making him the grandson of Tokugawa Tsun ...
(1709–1716)
*
Tokugawa Yoshimune
was the eighth ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, ruling from 1716 until his abdication in 1745. He was the son of Tokugawa Mitsusada, the grandson of Tokugawa Yorinobu, and the great-grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu.
Lineage
Yoshimu ...
(1684–1751)
*
Tokugawa Ieshige
Tokugawa Ieshige; 徳川 家重 (January 28, 1712 – July 13, 1761) was the ninth ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan.
The first son of Tokugawa Yoshimune, his mother was the daughter of Ōkubo Tadanao, known as Osuma no kata. ...
(1712–1761)
*
Tokugawa Ieharu
Tokugawa Ieharu (徳川家治) (June 20, 1737 – September 17, 1786) was the tenth ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, who held office from 1760 to 1786.
His childhood name was Takechiyo (竹千代).
Ieharu died in 1786 and given t ...
(1737–1786)
*
Tokugawa Ienari
Tokugawa Ienari ( ja, 徳川 家斉, November 18, 1773 – March 22, 1841) was the eleventh and longest-serving ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan who held office from 1787 to 1837.Hall, John Whitney ''et al.'' (1991) ''Early Modern J ...
(1773–1841)
*
Tokugawa Ieyoshi
was the 12th ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan.Hall, John Whitney ''et al.'' (1991) ''Early Modern Japan',' p. 21./ref>
Biography
Ieyoshi was born as the second son of the 11th ''shōgun'', Tokugawa Ienari and named Toshijirō (敏 ...
(1793–1853)
*
Tokugawa Iesada
was the 13th ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan. He held office for five years from 1853 to 1858. He was physically weak and was therefore considered by later historians to have been unfit to be ''shōgun''. His reign marks the begin ...
(1824–1858)
*
Tokugawa Iemochi
(July 17, 1846 – August 29, 1866) was the 14th ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, who held office from 1858 to 1866.
During his reign there was much internal turmoil as a result of the "re-opening" of Japan to western nations. ...
Tokugawa Iesato
Prince was the first head of the Tokugawa clan after the overthrow of the Tokugawa bakufu, and a significant figure in Japanese politics and diplomacy during the Meiji, Taishō and early Shōwa period Japan. When Prince Tokugawa travelled t ...
(1863–1940)
*
Iemasa Tokugawa
Prince also known as Iyemasa, was a Japanese political figure of the Taishō and early Shōwa periods. He was the 17th hereditary head of the former shogunal branch of the Tokugawa clan and the final President of the House of Peers in the ...
(1884–1963)
*
Tsunenari Tokugawa
is the present (18th generation) head of the main Tokugawa house. He is the son of Ichirō Matsudaira and Toyoko Tokugawa. His great-grandfather was the famed Matsudaira Katamori of Aizu and his paternal great-grandfather was Tokugawa Iesato. ...
Matsudaira Katahiro
was the 7th ''daimyō'' of Aizu Domain in Mutsu Province, Japan (modern-day Fukushima Prefecture). His courtesy title was ''Higo-no-kami'' and ''Jijū'', and subsequently raised to '' Sakonoe-gon-shōshō'' and his Court rank was Junior Fo ...
Matsudaira Katamori
Matsudaira Katamori after the Meiji restoration
was a samurai who lived in Bakumatsu period and the early to mid Meiji period Japan. He was the 9th ''daimyō'' of the Aizu Domain and the Kyoto Shugoshoku (Military Commissioner of Kyoto). He i ...
Matsudaira Kataharu
Viscount was a Japanese man who served as the daimyō of Tonami han (the former Aizu han) in the early Meiji Era. Born the eldest son of Matsudaira Katamori, he succeeded Katamori's adopted son Nobunori in 1869. As the Meiji government had gra ...
(1869–1910)
*
Morio Matsudaira
Viscount was an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy.
Biography
Morio Matsudaira was the son of Matsudaira Katamori, the former ''daimyō'' of Aizu-Wakamatsu domain in what is now Fukushima prefecture. He was born at the Matsudaira's Tokyo re ...
(1878–1944)
*
Morisada Matsudaira
was a Japanese banker who was active in historical preservation. He was the grandson of Matsudaira Katamori, and spent a fair amount of time in Aizu. After graduating from university, he worked for the Norinchukin Bank for 29 years. Morisada was ...
(1926–2011)
* Morihisa Matsudaira
Yūki-Matsudaira clan (Echizen)
*
Yūki Hideyasu
was a Japanese samurai who lived during the Azuchi–Momoyama and early Edo periods. He was the ''daimyō'' of Fukui Domain in Echizen.
Early life
Hideyasu was born as in 1574, the second son of Tokugawa Ieyasu, by Lady Oman (also known as L ...
(1574–1607)
*
Matsudaira Tadanao
was a Sengoku to early Edo period Japanese samurai, and the 2nd ''daimyō'' of Fukui Domain in Echizen Province. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"Matsudaira Tadanao"in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 617]
Biography
Tadanao was born in Settsu P ...
(1595–1650)
*
Matsudaira Tadamasa
was an early to mid-Edo period Japanese samurai, and ''daimyō''. Papinot, Jacques Edmond Joseph. (1906). ''Dictionnaire d’histoire et de géographie du Japon''; Papinot, (2003)"Matsudaira" at ''Nobiliare du Japon'', p. 30 retrieved 2013-4-9.
...
(1598–1645)
*
Matsudaira Mitsumichi
was an early to mid- Edo period Japanese samurai, and the 4th '' daimyō'' of Fukui Domain.Foulk, T. Griffin. "The Forgotten history of Daian-zenji, a Tokugawa-period Zen Monastery," ''The Japan Foundation Newsletter'' (''Kokusai Kōryū Kikin' ...
(1636–1674)
*
Matsudaira Masachika
was an early to mid-Edo period Japanese samurai, and both the 5th and 7th ''daimyō'' of Fukui DomainDiCenzo, John. (1978) ''Daimyo, domain and retainer band in the seventeenth century: a study of institutional development in Echizen, Tottori an ...
(1640–1711)
*
Matsudaira Tsunamasa
was an early to mid-Edo period Japanese samurai, and the 6th ''daimyō'' of Fukui DomainDiCenzo, John. (1978) ''Daimyo, domain and retainer band in the seventeenth century: a study of institutional development in Echizen, Tottori and Matsue'', ...
Matsudaira Munemasa
was an mid-Edo period Japanese samurai, and the final ''daimyō'' of Echizen-Matsuoka Domain and the 9th ''daimyō'' of Fukui Domain in Echizen Province of JapanBurks, Ardath W. (1985) ''The Modernizers: overseas students, foreign employees, an ...
(1675–1724)
*
Matsudaira Munenori
was the 10th ''daimyō'' of Fukui Domain under the Edo period Tokugawa shogunate in Echizen Province.
Biography
Munenori was the younger son of Matsudaira Chikakiyo, who was the fourth son of Matsudaira Naonori of Shirakawa Domain. Naonori w ...
Matsudaira Shigetomi
was the 12th ''daimyō'' of Fukui Domain under the Edo period Tokugawa shogunate in Echizen Province.Burks, Ardath W. (1985) ''The Modernizers: overseas students, foreign employees, and Meiji Japan'', p. 47 He ruled Fukui for 41 years, the long ...
(1748–1809)
*
Matsudaira Haruyoshi
was the 13th ''daimyō'' of Fukui Domain under the Edo period Tokugawa shogunate in Echizen Province.Burks, Ardath W. (1985) ''The Modernizers: overseas students, foreign employees, and Meiji Japan'', p. 47
Haruyoshi was born in Edo as the eld ...
(1768–1826)
*
Matsudaira Naritsugu
was the 14th ''daimyō'' of Fukui Domain under the Edo period Tokugawa shogunate in Echizen Province.Burks, Ardath W. (1985) ''The Modernizers: overseas students, foreign employees, and Meiji Japan'', p. 47
Naritsugu was born in Fukui as the ...
Matsudaira Yoshinaga
, also known as Matsudaira Keiei,Beasley, William G. (1955). ''Select Documents on Japanese Foreign Policy, 1853–1868'', p. 335. or better known as Matsudaira Shungaku (春嶽) was a Japanese ''daimyō'' of the Edo period. He was head of the ...
(1828–1890)
*
Matsudaira Mochiaki
was a Bakumatsu period ''daimyō'' under the Edo period Tokugawa shogunate of Japan. He was the 7th ''daimyō'' of Itoigawa Domain in Echigo Province and later the 17th (and final) ''daimyō'' of Fukui Domain in Echizen Province.Burks, Ardat ...
Matsudaira Sadanobu
was a Japanese ''daimyō'' of the mid-Edo period, famous for his financial reforms which saved the Shirakawa Domain, and the similar reforms he undertook during his tenure as chief of the Tokugawa shogunate, from 1787 to 1793.
Early life
Mat ...
Matsudaira Sadaaki
was a Japanese ''daimyō'' of the Bakumatsu period, who was the last ruler of the Kuwana Domain. Sadaaki was the adopted heir of Matsudaira Sadamichi, the descendant of Matsudaira Sadatsuna, Sadatsuna, the third son of Hisamatsu Sadakatsu (1569 ...
Image: Yoshinobu Tokugawa 5.jpg, Matsudaira Shichirōma, the future Tokugawa Yoshinobu
Image:Matsudaira Mochiaki.jpg, Matsudaira Mochiaki, last lord of Fukui
Image:Matudaira Sadayasu.jpg, Matsudaira Sadayasu, last lord of Matsue
Image:Matsudaira Fumai.JPG, Matsudaira Harusato (Fumai), lord of Matsue, tea master
Image: Matudaira Yoritoshi.jpg, Matsudaira Yoritoshi, last lord of Takamatsu
Image:Princess Chichibu Setsuko.jpg, Princess Chichibu (Matsudaira) Setsuko
Image:Matudaira Tadanari.jpg, Matsudaira Tadanari, last lord of Ueda
Image:Nagai naoyuki.jpg, Nagai Naoyuki, the son of Okutono lord Matsudaira Noritada
Notes
{{reflist
References
English
* Thornton, Sybil A. (1999). ''Charisma and Community Formation in Medieval Japan''. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press.
* Totman, Conrad (1967). ''Politics in the Tokugawa bakufu''. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
German
List of Meiji-era Japanese nobility (accessed 15 August 2008).
Japanese
(accessed 24 August 2008).
(accessed 24 August 2008).
(accessed 24 August 2008).
* "Tokugawa Shōgun-ke to Matsudaira Ichizoku", ''Rekishi Dokuhon'' magazine, January 2006.
See also
*
List of Historic Sites of Japan (Aichi)
This list is of the Historic Sites of Japan located within the Prefecture of Aichi.
National Historic Sites
As of 1 September 2019, forty Sites in Aichi have been designated by the Japanese government's Agency for Cultural Affairs (of the Mini ...
*
Tokugawa clan
The is a Japanese dynasty that was formerly a powerful ''daimyō'' family. They nominally descended from Emperor Seiwa (850–880) and were a branch of the Minamoto clan (Seiwa Genji) through the Matsudaira clan. The early history of this clan r ...
*
Tokugawa shogunate
The Tokugawa shogunate (, Japanese 徳川幕府 ''Tokugawa bakufu''), also known as the , was the military government of Japan during the Edo period from 1603 to 1868. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"''Tokugawa-jidai''"in ''Japan Encyclopedia ...
Matsudaira
The was a Japanese samurai clan that descended from the Minamoto clan. It originated in and took its name from Matsudaira village, in Mikawa Province (modern-day Aichi Prefecture). During the Sengoku period, the chieftain of the main line of ...