''Heterorhabditis'' is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of
nematode
The nematodes ( or grc-gre, Νηματώδη; la, Nematoda) or roundworms constitute the phylum Nematoda (also called Nemathelminthes), with plant-Parasitism, parasitic nematodes also known as eelworms. They are a diverse animal phylum inhab ...
s belonging to the order
Rhabditida
Rhabditida is an order of free-living, zooparasitic, and phytoparasitic microbivorous nematodes living in soil.
The Cephalobidae, Panagrolaimidae, Steinernematidae, and Strongyloididae seem to be closer to the Tylenchia, regardless of whet ...
. All species of this genus are obligate
parasite
Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life. The entomologist E. O. Wilson has ...
s of
insect
Insects (from Latin ') are pancrustacean hexapod invertebrates of the class Insecta. They are the largest group within the arthropod phylum. Insects have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body ( head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs ...
s, and some are used as
biological control
Biological control or biocontrol is a method of controlling pests, such as insects, mites, weeds, and plant diseases, using other organisms. It relies on predation, parasitism, herbivory, or other natural mechanisms, but typically also invo ...
agents for the control of pest insects.
''Heterorhabditis'' nematodes are hosts for the ''
Photorhabdus''
bacteria
Bacteria (; singular: bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria were among ...
l
symbiont
Symbiosis (from Greek , , "living together", from , , "together", and , bíōsis, "living") is any type of a close and long-term biological interaction between two different biological organisms, be it mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasit ...
.
Species
The recognized species in this genus are:
* ''
Heterorhabditis amazonensis''
Andaló, Nguyen & Moino, 2007
* ''
Heterorhabditis bacteriophora
''Heterorhabditis bacteriophora'' is a species of entomopathogenic nematode known commonly as beneficial nematodes. They are microscopic and are used in gardening as a form of biological pest control. They are used to control ants, fleas, moths ...
''
Poinar, 1976
* ''
Heterorhabditis baujardi''
Phan, Subbotin, Nguyen & Moens, 2003
* ''
Heterorhabditis downesi''
Stock, Griffin & Burnell, 2002
* ''
Heterorhabditis floridensis''
Nguyen, Gozel, Koppenhöfer & Adams, 2006
* ''
Heterorhabditis georgiana''
Nguyen, Shapiro-Ilan and Mbata, 2008
* ''
Heterorhabditis heliothidis''
(Khan, Brooks & Hirschmann, 1976)
* ''
Heterorhabditis indica''
Poinar, Karunakar & David, 1992
* ''
Heterorhabditis marelatus''
Liu & Berry, 1996
* ''
Heterorhabditis megidis
''Heterorhabditis megidis'' is a species of nematodes in the genus ''Heterorhabditis''. All species of this genus are obligate parasites of insects, and some are used as biological control agents for the control of pest insects.
''Heterorhabditi ...
''
Poinar, Jackson & Klein, 1987
* ''
Heterorhabditis mexicana''
Nguyen, Shapiro-Ilan, Stuart, McCoy, James & Adams, 2004
* ''
Heterorhabditis safricana''
Malan, Nguyen, de Waal and Tiedt, 2008
* ''
Heterorhabditis taysearae''
Shamseldean, El-Sooud, Abd-Elgawad & Saleh, 1996
* ''
Heterorhabditis zealandica
''Heterorhabditis zealandica'' is a nematode species in the genus '' Heterorhabditis''.http://www.tutorgigpedia.com/Rhabditida_es.html
References
External links
Rhabditida
Nematodes described in 1990
{{Rhabditida-stub ...
''
Poinar, 1990[Poinar, G.O., Jr. (1990) "Taxonomy and biology of Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae." In: R. Gaugler and H.K. Kaya (eds) "Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Biological Control." CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, pp. 23-60.]
References
External links
Entomopathogenic nematodeson the
UF /
IFAS Featured Creatures website.
{{Taxonbar, from=Q2898457
Rhabditida genera
Parasites of insects
Biological control agents of pest insects
Taxa named by George Poinar Jr.