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Heterorhabditis Megidis
''Heterorhabditis megidis'' is a species of nematodes in the genus ''Heterorhabditis''. All species of this genus are obligate parasites of insects, and some are used as biological control agents for the control of pest insects. ''Heterorhabditis megidis'' nematodes are hosts for the '' Photorhabdus luminescens'' bacterial symbiont. It can be used to fight the Japanese beetle, ''Popillia japonica'' (Scarabaeidae: Coleoptera), in Ohio. 3,5-Dihydroxy-4-isopropyl-''trans''-stilbene is a bacterial stilbenoid produced by the ''P. luminescens'' bacterial symbiont species of the entomopathogenic nematode, ''H. megidis''. Experiments with infected larvae of ''Galleria mellonella ''Galleria mellonella'', the greater wax moth or honeycomb moth, is a moth of the family Pyralidae. ''G. mellonella'' is found throughout the world. It is one of two species of wax moths, with the other being the lesser wax moth. ''G. mellonella' ...'', the wax moth, support the hypothesis that the compound h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Entomopathogenic Nematode
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) are a group of nematodes (thread worms), that cause death to insects. The term ''entomopathogenic'' has a Greek origin, with ''entomon'', meaning ''insect'', and '' pathogenic'', which means ''causing disease''. They are animals that occupy a bio control middle ground between microbial pathogens and predator/parasitoids, and are habitually grouped with pathogens, most likely because of their symbiotic relationship with bacteria. Although many other parasitic thread worms cause diseases in living organisms (sterilizing or otherwise debilitating their host), entomopathogenic nematodes, are specific in only infecting insects. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) live parasitically inside the infected insect host, and so they are termed as ''endoparasitic''. They infect many different types of insects living in the soil like the larval forms of moths, butterflies, flies and beetles as well as adult forms of beetles, grasshoppers and crickets. EPNs have b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wax Moth
Waxworms are the caterpillar larvae of wax moths, which belong to the family Pyralidae (snout moths). Two closely related species are commercially bred – the lesser wax moth (''Achroia grisella'') and the greater wax moth (''Galleria mellonella''). They belong to the tribe Galleriini in the snout moth subfamily Galleriinae. Another species whose larvae share that name is the Indian mealmoth (''Plodia interpunctella''), though this species is not available commercially. The adult moths are sometimes called "bee moths", but, particularly in apiculture, this can also refer to ''Aphomia sociella'', another Galleriinae moth which also produces waxworms, but is not commercially bred. Waxworms are medium-white caterpillars with black-tipped feet and small, black or brown heads. In the wild, they live as nest parasites in bee colonies and eat cocoons, pollen, and shed skins of bees, and chew through beeswax, thus the name. Beekeepers consider waxworms to be pest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Poinar Jr
George may refer to: People * George (given name) * George (surname) * George (singer), American-Canadian singer George Nozuka, known by the mononym George * George Washington, First President of the United States * George W. Bush, 43rd President of the United States * George H. W. Bush, 41st President of the United States * George V, King of Great Britain, Ireland, the British Dominions and Emperor of India from 1910-1936 * George VI, King of Great Britain, Ireland, the British Dominions and Emperor of India from 1936-1952 * Prince George of Wales * George Papagheorghe also known as Jorge / GEØRGE * George, stage name of Giorgio Moroder * George Harrison, an English musician and singer-songwriter Places South Africa * George, Western Cape ** George Airport United States * George, Iowa * George, Missouri * George, Washington * George County, Mississippi * George Air Force Base, a former U.S. Air Force base located in California Characters * George (Peppa Pig), a 2-year-old pig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heterorhabditis
''Heterorhabditis'' is a genus of nematodes belonging to the order Rhabditida. All species of this genus are obligate parasites of insects, and some are used as biological control agents for the control of pest insects. ''Heterorhabditis'' nematodes are hosts for the '' Photorhabdus'' bacterial symbiont. Species The recognized species in this genus are: * '' Heterorhabditis amazonensis'' Andaló, Nguyen & Moino, 2007 * ''Heterorhabditis bacteriophora'' Poinar, 1976 * '' Heterorhabditis baujardi'' Phan, Subbotin, Nguyen & Moens, 2003 * '' Heterorhabditis downesi'' Stock, Griffin & Burnell, 2002 * '' Heterorhabditis floridensis'' Nguyen, Gozel, Koppenhöfer & Adams, 2006 * '' Heterorhabditis georgiana'' Nguyen, Shapiro-Ilan and Mbata, 2008 * '' Heterorhabditis heliothidis'' (Khan, Brooks & Hirschmann, 1976) * '' Heterorhabditis indica'' Poinar, Karunakar & David, 1992 * '' Heterorhabditis marelatus'' Liu & Berry, 1996 * ''Heterorhabditis megidis'' Poinar, Jackson & Klein, 1987 * '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parasite
Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life. The entomologist E. O. Wilson has characterised parasites as "predators that eat prey in units of less than one". Parasites include single-celled protozoans such as the agents of malaria, sleeping sickness, and amoebic dysentery; animals such as hookworms, lice, mosquitoes, and vampire bats; fungi such as Armillaria mellea, honey fungus and the agents of ringworm; and plants such as mistletoe, dodder, and the Orobanchaceae, broomrapes. There are six major parasitic Behavioral ecology#Evolutionarily stable strategy, strategies of exploitation of animal hosts, namely parasitic castration, directly transmitted parasitism (by contact), wikt:trophic, trophicallytransmitted parasitism (by being eaten), Disease vector, vector-transmitted parasitism, parasitoidism, and micropreda ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biological Pest Control
Biological control or biocontrol is a method of controlling pests, such as insects, mites, weeds, and plant diseases, using other organisms. It relies on predation, parasitism, herbivory, or other natural mechanisms, but typically also involves an active human management role. It can be an important component of integrated pest management (IPM) programs. There are three basic strategies for biological pest control: classical (importation), where a natural enemy of a pest is introduced in the hope of achieving control; inductive (augmentation), in which a large population of natural enemies are administered for quick pest control; and inoculative (conservation), in which measures are taken to maintain natural enemies through regular reestablishment. Natural enemies of insect pests, also known as biological control agents, include predators, parasitoids, pathogens, and competitors. Biological control agents of plant diseases are most often referred to as antagonists. Biologic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Photorhabdus Luminescens
''Photorhabdus luminescens'' (previously called ''Xenorhabdus luminescens'') is a Gammaproteobacterium of the family Morganellaceae, and is a lethal pathogen of insects. It lives in the gut of an entomopathogenic nematode of the family Heterorhabditidae. When the nematode infects an insect, ''P. luminescens'' is released into the blood stream and rapidly kills the insect host (within 48 hours) by producing toxins, such as the high molecular weight insecticidal protein complex Tca. ''P. luminescens'' also produces a proteic toxin through the expression of a single gene called ''makes caterpillars floppy'' (mcf). It also secretes enzymes which break down the body of the infected insect and bioconvert it into nutrients which can be used by both nematode and bacteria. In this way, both organisms gain enough nutrients to replicate (or reproduce in the case of the nematode) several times. The bacteria enter the nematode progeny as they develop. 3,5-Dihydroxy-4-isopropyl-trans-stilb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Popillia Japonica
The Japanese beetle (''Popillia japonica'') is a species of scarab beetle. The adult measures in length and in width, has iridescent copper-colored elytra and a green thorax and head. It is not very destructive in Japan (where it is controlled by natural predators), but in North America and some regions of Europe is a noted pest to roughly 300 species of plants, including rose bushes, grapes, hops, canna, crape myrtles, birch trees, linden trees, and others. The adult beetles damage plants by skeletonizing the foliage (i.e., consuming only the material between a leaf's veins) as well as, at times, feeding on a plant's fruit. The subterranean larvae feed on the roots of grasses. Description Adult ''P. japonica'' measure in length and in width, with iridescent copper-colored elytra and green thorax and head. A row of white tufts (spots) of hair project from under the wing covers on each side of the body. Distribution ''Popillia japonica'' is native to Japan, but ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
3,5-Dihydroxy-4-isopropyl-trans-stilbene
Tapinarof, also known as benvitimod and sold under the brand name Vtama, is a medication used for the treatment of plaque psoriasis. The medication is applied to the skin. Besides its use in medicine, tapinarof is a naturally occurring compound found in bacterial symbionts of nematodes which has antibiotic properties. The medication acts as an aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist. Tapinarof was approved for medical use in the United States in May 2022. Medical uses Tapinarof is indicated for the treatment of plaque psoriasis in adults. Society and culture Names Tapinarof is the International Nonproprietary Name (INN). Natural occurrence Tapinarof, also known as benvitimod, is a bacterial stilbenoid produced in '' Photorhabdus'' bacterial symbionts of ''Heterorhabditis'' nematodes. It is a product of an alternative ketosynthase-directed stilbenoid biosynthesis pathway. It is derived from the condensation of two β-ketoacyl thioesters. It is produced by the '' Photorhabdus lu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Galleria Mellonella
''Galleria mellonella'', the greater wax moth or honeycomb moth, is a moth of the family Pyralidae. ''G. mellonella'' is found throughout the world. It is one of two species of wax moths, with the other being the lesser wax moth. ''G. mellonella'' eggs are laid in the spring, and they have four life stages. Males are able to generate ultrasonic sound pulses, which, along with pheromones, are used in mating. The larvae of ''G. mellonella'' are also often used as a model organism in research. The greater wax moth is well known for its Parasitism, parasitization of honeybees and their hives. Because of the economic loss caused by this species, several control methods including heat treatment and chemical fumigants such as carbon dioxide have been used. The caterpillar of ''G. mellonella'' has attracted interest for its ability to degrade Polyethylene, polyethylene plastic. Geographic range ''G. mellonella'' was first reported as a pest in Asia, but then spread to northern Africa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhabditida
Rhabditida is an order of free-living, zooparasitic, and phytoparasitic microbivorous nematodes living in soil. The Cephalobidae, Panagrolaimidae, Steinernematidae, and Strongyloididae seem to be closer to the Tylenchia, regardless of whether these are merged with the Rhabditia or not.Tree of Life Web Project (2002b)Nematoda Version of 2002-JAN-01. Retrieved 2008-NOV-02. Families Rhabditida * Myolaimina **''Incertae sedis'' *** Myolaimoidea ****Myolaimidae *Rhabditina ** Bunonematomorpha *** Bunonematoidea ****Bunonematidae ** Diplogasteromorpha *** Cylindrocorporoidea ****Cylindrocorporidae *** Diplogasteroidea **** Cephalobiidae ****Diplogasteridae ****Diplogasteroididae ** Rhabditomorpha *** Mesorhabditoidea ****Peloderidae *** Rhabditoidea ****Rhabditidae * Spirurina ** Ascaridomorpha *** Ascaridoidea **** Acanthocheilidae ****Anisakidae ****Ascarididae ****Heterocheilidae **** Raphidascarididae *** Cosmocercoidea ****Atractidae ****Kathlaniidae *** Seuratoidea **** Cuc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nematodes Described In 1987
The nematodes ( or grc-gre, Νηματώδη; la, Nematoda) or roundworms constitute the phylum Nematoda (also called Nemathelminthes), with plant-parasitic nematodes also known as eelworms. They are a diverse animal phylum inhabiting a broad range of environments. Less formally, they are categorized as Helminths, but are taxonomically classified along with arthropods, tardigrades and other moulting animals in the clade Ecdysozoa, and unlike flatworms, have tubular digestive systems with openings at both ends. Like tardigrades, they have a reduced number of Hox genes, but their sister phylum Nematomorpha has kept the ancestral protostome Hox genotype, which shows that the reduction has occurred within the nematode phylum. Nematode species can be difficult to distinguish from one another. Consequently, estimates of the number of nematode species described to date vary by author and may change rapidly over time. A 2013 survey of animal biodiversity published in the mega journal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
