Heptaminol is an
amino alcohol
In organic chemistry, alkanolamines are organic compounds that contain both hydroxyl () and amino (, , and ) functional groups on an alkane backbone. The term alkanolamine is a broad class term that is sometimes used as a subclassification.
Meth ...
which is classified as a
cardiac stimulant A cardiac stimulant is a substance which acts as a stimulant of the heart – e.g., via positive chronotropic or inotropic action.
Examples of cardiac stimulant drugs are cocaine and methamphetamine
Methamphetamine (contracted from ) is a p ...
(positive inotropic action). It also increases coronary blood flow along with mild peripheral
vasoconstriction
Vasoconstriction is the narrowing of the blood vessels resulting from contraction of the muscular wall of the vessels, in particular the large arteries and small arterioles. The process is the opposite of vasodilation, the widening of blood vessel ...
. It is sometimes used in the treatment of low blood pressure, particularly
orthostatic hypotension
Orthostatic hypotension, also known as postural hypotension, is a medical condition wherein a person's blood pressure drops when standing up or sitting down. Primary orthostatic hypertension is also often referred to as neurogenic orthostatic hyp ...
as it is a potent positive inotrope (improving cardiac contraction).
Use in doping
Heptaminol is classified by the
World Anti-Doping Agency
The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA; french: Agence mondiale antidopage, AMA) is a foundation initiated by the International Olympic Committee based in Canada to promote, coordinate, and monitor the fight against drugs in sports. The agency's key ...
as a
doping substance. In 2008, the cyclist
Dmitriy Fofonov
Dmitry Fofonov ( kk, Дмитрий Фофонов; born 15 August 1976 in Almaty) is a former Kazakh professional road bicycle racer who was fired from UCI ProTeam Crédit Agricole for doping.
Fofonov tested positive for heptaminol after the 1 ...
tested positive for heptaminol at the
Tour de France
The Tour de France () is an annual men's multiple-stage bicycle race primarily held in France, while also occasionally passing through nearby countries. Like the other Grand Tours (the Giro d'Italia and the Vuelta a España), it consists ...
. In June 2010, the swimmer
Frédérick Bousquet
Frédérick Bousquet (, born 8 April 1981 in Perpignan) is a retired freestyle and butterfly swimmer from France. He was the holder of the world record in the 50 m freestyle in a time of 20.94 in long course, set on 26 April 2009 at the ...
tested positive. In 2013, the cyclist
Sylvain Georges
Sylvain Georges (born 1 May 1984) is a professional French racing cyclist who last rode for . He was born in Beaumont, Puy-de-Dôme, France. On 18 May 2012, Georges won his first pro tour stage on the 6th stage of the Tour of California, where ...
tested positive at the
Giro d'Italia. In 2014, baseball player
Joel Piniero Joel or Yoel is a name meaning "Yahweh Is God" and may refer to:
* Joel (given name), origin of the name including a list of people with the first name.
* Joel (surname), a surname
* Joel (footballer, born 1904), Joel de Oliveira Monteiro, Brazili ...
tested positive as well as
St. Louis Cardinals
The St. Louis Cardinals are an American professional baseball team based in St. Louis. The Cardinals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) Central division. Since the 2006 season, the Cardinals hav ...
minor league
Minor leagues are professional sports leagues which are not regarded as the premier leagues in those sports. Minor league teams tend to play in smaller, less elaborate venues, often competing in smaller cities/markets. This term is used in Nor ...
baseball player Yeison Medina.
On March 22, 2019, Cycling South Africa reported that Ricardo Broxham has been sanctioned for an anti-doping rule violation of Articles 2.1 and 2.2 of the UCI Anti-Doping Rules after an in-competition test conducted on 18 August 2018 confirmed the presence of Heptaminol in his sample.
The UCI Anti-Doping Tribunal has imposed a period of ineligibility of 12 months for the violation, applicable as of 22 September 2018 up to and including 22 September 2019 and a disqualification of all results from the 2018 UCI Junior Track Cycling World Championships.
See also
*
Isometheptene
Isometheptene (usually as isometheptene mucate) is a sympathomimetic amine sometimes used in the treatment of migraines and tension headaches due to its vasoconstricting properties; that is, it causes constriction (narrowing) of blood vessels (a ...
*
Methylhexanamine
Methylhexanamine (also known as methylhexamine, 1,3-dimethylamylamine, 1,3-DMAA, dimethylamylamine, and DMAA; trade names Forthane and Geranamine) is an indirect sympathomimetic drug invented and developed by Eli Lilly and Company and marketed as ...
*
Tuaminoheptane
Tuaminoheptane (, ; brand names Heptin, Heptadrine, Tuamine; also known as tuamine and 2-aminoheptane) is a sympathomimetic agent and vasoconstrictor which was formerly used as a nasal decongestant. It has also been used as a stimulant.
Tuamin ...
References
{{Monoamine releasing agents
Vasodilators
Amines
Tertiary alcohols