Helminthoglyptidae

The Helminthoglyptinae are a subfamily of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks within the family Xanthonychidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Helminthoglyptinae Pilsbry, 1939. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=994962 on 2021-02-25

This is a large and diverse group of new world snails, ranging in distribution from Alaska through North America to the West Indies, Central America, and as far south as Argentina.

The shells are typically of medium to large size, with no apertural teeth but usually with a reflected apertural lip.

Anatomy

In the species in this family, the diverticulum may be present or absent. They possess a single dart apparatus with one stylophore (dart sac) and two mucus glands. These snails use the love dart as part of their mating behavior.

In this subfamily, the number of haploid chromosomes lies between 26 and 30 (according to the values in this table).Barker G. M.: Gastropods on Land: ''Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology''. in Barker G. M. (ed.):
The biology of terrestrial molluscs
'. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, . 1-146, cited pages: 139 and 142.

Taxonomy

The basic nomenclature and taxonomy of this large and complex subfamily of land snails has been the subject of many modifications, and the list of genera given here is applicable only when the subfamily is broadly interpreted. Many of these snail genera have been placed by various authors in more restrictively defined families, such as: Cepolidae, Epiphragmophoridae, Humboldtianidae, Monadeniidae, and Xanthonychidae.Pilsbry, Henry A. 1939. ''Land Mollusca of North America (North of Mexico)''. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Monograph 3, vol. 1(1): 1-573.

Tribes in the subfamily Helminthoglyptinae include (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005):

*tribe Helminthoglyptini Pilsbry, 1939
**subtribe Helminthoglyptina Pilsbry, 1939: the mucus glands lie adjacent to the vagina or to the sheath of the dart apparatus; the ducts of the glands are provided with bulbous reservoirs.
**subtribe Micrariontina Schileyko, 1991: the mucus glands lie adjacent to the dart sac; in part the dart apparatus is missing.
*tribe Sonorelicini Roth, 1996
Subfamily Sonorellinae Pilsbry, 1939: the diverticulum and the dart apparatus are absent.

Genera

ITIS listed 16 genera under Helminthoglyptidae.
"BioLib" biological library; accessed 17 Apr. 2008.WoRMS added the two genera ''Greggelix'' and ''Micrarionta'', as well as dividing the subfamily into two tribes.They are listed below:
* Helminthoglyptini Pilsbry, 1939
** '' Cahuillus'' B. Roth, 1996
** '' Chamaearionta'' S.S. Berry, 1930
** '' Eremarionta'' Pilsbry, 1913
** '' Eremariontoides'' W.B. Miller, 1981
** '' Greggelix'' W.B. Miller, 1972
** '' Helminthoglypta'' Ancey, 1887 - type genus of the family Helminthoglyptidae and subtribe Helminthoglyptina
** '' Herpeteros'' Berry, 1947
** '' Micrarionta'' Ancey, 1880 - type genus of the subtribe Micrariontina
** '' Martirelix'' W.B. Miller, 1982
** '' Noyo'' Roth, 1996
** '' Plesarionta'' Pilsbry, 1939
** '' Rothelix'' Miller, 1985
** '' Sonorelix'' Berry, 1943 - was listed as type genus of the tribe Sonorelicini
** ''Xerarionta'' Pilsbry, 1913
* Sonorellini Pilsbry, 1939
** '' Maricopella'' Roth, 1996
** '' Mohavelix'' Berry, 1943
** '' Myotophallus'' Pilsbry, 1939
** '' Sonorella'' Pilsbry, 1900 - was listed as type genus of the subfamily Sonorellinae (now Sonorellini)

Genera listed below has an unknown origin:
* '' Averellia'' Ancey, 1887
* '' Cepolis'' Montfort, 1810
* '' Dialeuca'' Albers, 1850
* '' Hemitrochus'' Swainson, 1840
* '' Humboldtiana'' Ihering, 1892
* '' Leptarionta'' Fischer & Crosse, 1872
* '' Polymita'' Beck, 1837
* '' Setipellis'' Pilsbry, 1926
* '' Tryonigens'' Pilsbry, 1927

The taxon listed below was moved into another taxon:
* '' Xanthonyx'' Crosse & Fischer, 1867: Now under Xanthonychidae.

References

External links

{{Taxonbar, from1=Q99543108, from2=Q1399733