Heinrich Schroeteler

Dr. Heinrich Andreas Schroeteler (10 December 1915 – 19 January 2000) was a German sculptor. During World War II, he commanded U-boat and received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (german: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes); during the post-war years, he pursued a career in art history and archeology.

Family

Schroeteler was born in Essen in 1915, one of eleven children. He followed his family's tradition of marine service in 1936.

Military career

Schroeteler was credited with damaging one merchant ship, the British steam merchant ''Riverton'', of , and sinking one warship, the Norwegian minesweeper HNoMS ''NYMS-382'', of . The sinking took place on 7 May 1945, three days after the U-boats had been ordered to surrender. Schroeteler had been transferred to the U-boat service in September 1941 and went on patrol from 23 April 1942 to 15 July 1942 on as a ''Kommandantenschüler'' (commander-in-training) under the command of Hans-Jürgen Hellriegel. He spent three years as a prisoner of war in England before returning to Germany in 1948.

Artist

Following the war, Schroeteler worked as a freelance painter in Bochum. At the age of 50 years, he took up the study of art history, archeology and medieval history at the Ruhr University Bochum. After graduating in 1969 he worked as a research associate at the Institute of Archaeology. He headed up the modeling workshop, and was curator of collections. His success in reconstructing ancient works of art was honored with the University Medal from the Ruhr University in 1981. Under the leadership of , Schroeteler worked along with on the cast reconstruction of "The Blinding of Polyphemus".

File:Figurehead Gorch Fock Aug2010.jpg, Schroeteler designed the original figurehead of the SSS ''Gorch Fock''.
File:10 DM Serie3 Rueckseite.jpg, Reverse of the DM 10 banknote, showing ''Gorch Fock'' with the figurehead.
File:Jobsiade.jpg, Kortum-monument ("Jobsiade") by Heinrich Schroeteler

Political views

The historian Hans H. Hanke summarized Schroeteler's biography in a memorandum written for Bochum's Committee on Culture and Sport () dated 5 February 2014. According to Hanke, Schroeteler remained an agitator for National Socialism his entire life. Hanke based this statement on the fact that Schroeteler had hosted numerous meetings of former German U-boat and British submarine crews in his workshop under the German war ensign, the Reichskriegsflagge. In addition, Schroeteler supported the political views of the Neo-Nazis, in particular where these views matched his ambitions "to do justice to the deeds of the Wehrmacht in the service of its country" ("") and to "restore the Wehrmacht’s honour abroad" ("").

Schroeteler also attended '' Großadmiral'' (grand admiral) Karl Dönitz's funeral. Dönitz was the former Commander-in-Chief of the ''Kriegsmarine'', Adolf Hitler's successor as the head of state of Nazi Germany and convicted war criminal at the Nuremberg trials. There, Schroeteler was one of the six pallbearers who carried Dönitz to his grave, all six wearing their wartime Knight's Crosses.

Finally, Schroeteler allowed himself to be photographed wearing his uniform and Knight's Cross and sent signature postcards to interested people. He also supported publications that glamorized the war. Hanke stated that he had no sympathy for Schroeteler's ambitions to rehabilitate the Wehrmacht by fostering the myth of the clean Wehrmacht. Hanke believed that Schroeteler should have used his position as an academic and artist to distance himself from the political right.

Military awards

* Iron Cross (1939)
** 2nd Class (24 October 1940)
** 1st Class (14 April 1941)
* Minesweeper War Badge (14 November 1940)
* U-boat War Badge (1939) (6 July 1942)
* U-boat Front Clasp (7 October 1944)
* German Cross in Gold on 10 November 1944 as '' Kapitänleutnant'' on ''U-667'' in the 7th U-boat Flotilla
* Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 2 May 1945 as ''Kapitänleutnant'' and commander of ''U-1023''

References

Citations

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Schroeteler, Heinrich
1915 births
2000 deaths
U-boat commanders (Kriegsmarine)
Recipients of the Gold German Cross
Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
Artists from Essen
Ruhr University Bochum alumni
German sculptors
German male sculptors
Military personnel from the Rhine Province
20th-century German sculptors
Military personnel from Essen