The Heinkel He 115 was a three-seat
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...
''
Luftwaffe
The ''Luftwaffe'' () was the aerial-warfare branch of the German ''Wehrmacht'' before and during World War II. Germany's military air arms during World War I, the ''Luftstreitkräfte'' of the Imperial Army and the '' Marine-Fliegerabtei ...
''
seaplane
A seaplane is a powered fixed-wing aircraft capable of taking off and landing (alighting) on water.Gunston, "The Cambridge Aerospace Dictionary", 2009. Seaplanes are usually divided into two categories based on their technological characteri ...
. It was used as a
torpedo bomber
A torpedo bomber is a military aircraft designed primarily to attack ships with aerial torpedoes. Torpedo bombers came into existence just before the First World War almost as soon as aircraft were built that were capable of carrying the weight ...
and performed general seaplane duties, such as
reconnaissance
In military operations, reconnaissance or scouting is the exploration of an area by military forces to obtain information about enemy forces, terrain, and other activities.
Examples of reconnaissance include patrolling by troops (skirmisher ...
and
minelaying
A minelayer is any warship, submarine or military aircraft deploying explosive mines. Since World War I the term "minelayer" refers specifically to a naval ship used for deploying naval mines. "Mine planting" was the term for installing contro ...
. The aircraft was powered by two 960 PS (947 hp, 720 kW)
BMW 132
The BMW 132 was a nine-cylinder radial aircraft engine produced by BMW starting in 1933.
Design and development
BMW took over a license for manufacturing air-cooled radial engines from Pratt & Whitney on 3 January 1928. The nine-cylinder mode ...
K nine-cylinder air-cooled
radial engine
The radial engine is a reciprocating type internal combustion engine configuration in which the cylinders "radiate" outward from a central crankcase like the spokes of a wheel. It resembles a stylized star when viewed from the front, and is ...
s. Some later models could seat four, had different engines or used different weapon arrangements.
Development and design
In 1935, the German
Reich Air Ministry
The Ministry of Aviation (german: Reichsluftfahrtministerium, abbreviated RLM) was a government department during the period of Nazi Germany (1933–45). It is also the original name of the Detlev-Rohwedder-Haus building on the Wilhelmstrasse ...
(''RLM, Reichsluftfahrtministerium'') produced a requirement for a twin engined general purpose
floatplane, suitable for patrol and for anti-shipping strikes with bombs and
torpedo
A modern torpedo is an underwater ranged weapon launched above or below the water surface, self-propelled towards a target, and with an explosive warhead designed to detonate either on contact with or in proximity to the target. Historically, s ...
es. Proposals were received from Heinkel Flugzeugwerke and from the
Blohm & Voss aircraft subsidiary
Hamburger Flugzeugbau. On 1 November 1935, orders were placed with Heinkel and Hamburger Flugzeugbau for three
prototypes each of their prospective designs, the He 115 and the
Ha 140.
[''Air International'' February 1987, p.97.][Donald 1994, p.108.]
The first prototype Heinkel flew in August 1937, testing was successful and the He 115 design was selected over the Ha 140 early in 1938, leading to an order for another prototype and 10 pre-production aircraft.
The first prototype was used to set a series of international records for floatplanes over and closed circuits at a speed of .
[''Air International'' February 1987, p.96.]
Armament initially consisted of two 7.92 mm (.312 in)
MG 15 machine gun
The MG 15 was a German 7.92 mm machine gun designed specifically as a hand-manipulated defensive gun for combat aircraft during the early 1930s. By 1941 it was replaced by other types and found new uses with ground troops.
History
The MG 1 ...
s, one in the nose and one in the dorsal position.
Later He 115s were fitted with a fixed forward-firing 15 mm or 20 mm
MG 151 cannon
The MG 151 (MG 151/15) was a German 15 mm aircraft-mounted autocannon produced by Waffenfabrik Mauser during World War II. Its 20mm variant, the 20 mm MG 151/20 cannon, was widely used on German Luftwaffe fighters, night fighters, figh ...
and two rearward-firing 7.92 mm (.312 in)
MG 17 machine guns in the engine nacelles.
[''Air International'' February 1987, p.101.][''Air International'' March 1987, p.155.] He 115 variants carried
LTF 5 or
LTF 6b torpedoes and
SD 500 or
SC 250 bombs. Some also carried
LMB III or
LMA mines.
Operational history
''Luftwaffe''
At the outbreak of the war, the He 115 was used for dropping parachute mines in British waters, normally aiming for narrow passages close to busy ports on the English south coast; the
River Thames
The River Thames ( ), known alternatively in parts as the River Isis, is a river that flows through southern England including London. At , it is the longest river entirely in England and the second-longest in the United Kingdom, after the R ...
was also a prime target.
The aircraft had its finest moment on anti-shipping operations against
Arctic convoys
The Arctic convoys of World War II were oceangoing convoys which sailed from the United Kingdom, Iceland, and North America to northern ports in the Soviet Union – primarily Arkhangelsk (Archangel) and Murmansk in Russia. There were 78 convoys ...
from bases in northern Norway. Because the first convoys lacked air cover, the slow and lightly armed He 115 was less vulnerable than near the English coast. With the appearance of
carriers and
escort carriers
The escort carrier or escort aircraft carrier (U.S. hull classification symbol CVE), also called a "jeep carrier" or "baby flattop" in the United States Navy (USN) or "Woolworth Carrier" by the Royal Navy, was a small and slow type of aircraft ...
, coupled with new Soviet
heavy fighter
A heavy fighter is a historic category of fighter aircraft produced in the 1930s and 1940s, designed to carry heavier weapons, and/or operate at longer ranges than light fighter aircraft. To achieve performance, most heavy fighters were twin-eng ...
s like the
Petlyakov Pe-3
The Petlyakov Pe-3 was the long-range heavy fighter version of the successful Petlyakov Pe-2 high-speed dive bomber used by the Soviet Union during World War II.
Its design and use followed a comparable path to those taken by the German Luftwaf ...
bis, ''Luftwaffe''
air superiority over the convoys was challenged and losses increased.
Apart from its use as a
minelayer
A minelayer is any warship, submarine or military aircraft deploying explosive mines. Since World War I the term "minelayer" refers specifically to a naval ship used for deploying naval mines. "Mine planting" was the term for installing control ...
and torpedo bomber, the He 115 was used for coastal reconnaissance and by
KG 200
''Kampfgeschwader'' 200 (KG 200) (" irCombat Squadron 200") was a German ''Luftwaffe'' special operations unit during World War II. The unit carried out especially difficult bombing and transport operations and long-distance reconnaissance flight ...
to drop agents behind enemy lines.
Royal Norwegian Navy Air Service
In response to the rising tensions in Europe, the
Norwegian Ministry of Defence
The Royal Norwegian Ministry of Defence ( no, Det kgl. Forsvarsdepartement) is a Norwegian government ministry in charge of the formation and implementation of national security and defence policy, and for the overall management and control of th ...
had ordered six He 115Ns for the
Royal Norwegian Navy Air Service
The Royal Norwegian Navy Air Service ( no, Marinens flyvevesen) was alongside the Norwegian Army Air Service the forerunner to the modern-day Royal Norwegian Air Force.
History
The RNNAS was established on 1 June 1912,Official Norwegian Defence ...
(RNoNAS) on 28 August 1939 and the aircraft were delivered from 14 July – 13 November 1939.
[Luftwaffe.no]
Heinkel He 115 in Norway
The He 115N order was intended to replace the RNoNAS fleet of 1920s vintage
Douglas DT
The Douglas DT bomber was the Douglas Aircraft Company's first military contract, forging a link between the company and the United States Navy. Navy Contract No. 53305 of April 1, 1921, required only 18 pages to set out the specifications that r ...
torpedo bombers and the obsolescent
Marinens Flyvebaatfabrikk M.F.11
The Marinens Flyvebaatfabrikk M.F.11 (or Høver M.F.11, for its designer) was a three-seat, single-engine biplane used by the Royal Norwegian Navy Air Service for maritime reconnaissance in the decade before the Second World War.
The M.F.11 was ...
, which was the mainstay of the RNoNAS in 1940. The Norwegians signed another order of six He 115Ns in December 1939, with delivery expected in March/April 1940 but this was forestalled by
Operation Weserübung
Operation Weserübung (german: Unternehmen Weserübung , , 9 April – 10 June 1940) was Germany's assault on Denmark and Norway during the Second World War and the opening operation of the Norwegian Campaign.
In the early morning of 9 Ap ...
, the German invasion of Norway of 9 April 1940.
At the outbreak of hostilities, the RNoNAS had six He 115Ns in service (F.50, F.52, F.54, F.56, F.58 and F.60) spread along the coast from the naval air stations at
Sola
Sola is a municipality and a Seaside resort in Rogaland county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Jæren. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Solakrossen. Other villages include Tananger, Hål ...
and
Flatøy
Flatøy is an island in Alver Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The island lies in the district of Nordhordland, just north of the city of Bergen. The main village on the island is Krossneset on the southern part of the island. The nor ...
in the south to the one at
Skattøra Naval Air Station outside
Tromsø
Tromsø (, , ; se, Romsa ; fkv, Tromssa; sv, Tromsö) is a municipality in Troms og Finnmark county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Tromsø.
Tromsø lies in Northern Norway. The municipality is the ...
in the north. At the beginning of the German invasion, the aircraft at the seaplane base at
Hafrsfjord
Hafrsfjord or Hafrsfjorden is a fjord in the Stavanger Peninsula in Rogaland county, Norway. The long fjord forms the border between the municipalities of Stavanger and Sola. On the west side of the fjord is the large village of Tananger, on ...
near
Stavanger (F.60) was captured by the Germans, but two ''Luftwaffe'' He 115s (given the codes F.62 and F.64 in Norwegian service) were seized by an improvised
militia
A militia () is generally an army or some other fighting organization of non-professional soldiers, citizens of a country, or subjects of a state, who may perform military service during a time of need, as opposed to a professional force of r ...
unit of Norwegian
riflemen
A rifleman is an infantry soldier armed with a rifled long gun. Although the rifleman role had its origin with 16th century hand cannoneers and 17th century musketeers, the term originated in the 18th century with the introduction of the ri ...
at
Ørnes
Ørnes is the administrative centre of the municipality of Meløy in Nordland county, Norway. The old village is mentioned in documents dating from 1610 when a tenant farmer lived here. It is located along Norwegian County Road 17, about south ...
in
Glomfjord
Glomfjord is a village in the municipality of Meløy in Nordland county, Norway. The industrial community is located along Norwegian County Road 17 at the head of the Glomfjorden, just north of the Arctic Circle. The village has a population ( ...
,
Nordland and by
police
The police are a constituted body of persons empowered by a state, with the aim to enforce the law, to ensure the safety, health and possessions of citizens, and to prevent crime and civil disorder. Their lawful powers include arrest and th ...
officers at
Brønnøysund
Brønnøysund () is a town and the administrative centre of Brønnøy Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is also a former municipality within Nordland county. The village of Brønnøysund originally was declared a ladested in 1923 wh ...
, Nordland. The two aircraft were seized after they ran out of fuel and had to make emergency landings on 10 April. Manned by Norwegian aircrews, they served against their former owners for the duration of the campaign.
Seven Norwegian He-115s, five of them He-115Ns, were employed against German and German-controlled ships (see:
HNoMS ''Uller''), as well as providing
ground support
In military tactics, close air support (CAS) is defined as air action such as air strikes by fixed or rotary-winged aircraft against hostile targets near friendly forces and require detailed integration of each air mission with fire and moveme ...
to the
Norwegian Army
The Norwegian Army ( no, Hæren) is the land warfare service branch of the Norwegian Armed Forces. The Army is the oldest of the Norwegian service branches, established as a modern military organization under the command of the King of Norway ...
offensive on the
Narvik Front. On 14 April 1940, three Norwegian He 115s made a successful attack on German Ju 52s at
Gullesfjordbotn
Gullesfjorden is a fjord that cuts into the island of Hinnøya in Troms og Finnmark county, Norway. It is located mostly within Kvæfjord Municipality, although a small part in the northwestern part of the fjord lies in Sortland Municipality in ...
. Four of the Norwegian aircraft (F.52, F.56, F.58 and F.64) made the journey to the
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the European mainland, continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...
shortly before the 10 June 1940 surrender, a fifth (F.50) escaping to
Finland
Finland ( fi, Suomi ; sv, Finland ), officially the Republic of Finland (; ), is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It shares land borders with Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of B ...
, landing on Lake Salmijärvi in
Petsamo. A sixth He 115 (F.54) also tried to make the journey to Britain but was lost over the
North Sea
The North Sea lies between Great Britain, Norway, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium. An epeiric sea, epeiric sea on the European continental shelf, it connects to the Atlantic Ocean through the English Channel in the south and the ...
. The last of the Norwegian He 115s, F.62 (one of the two captured German aircraft), was unserviceable at the time of the evacuation and was abandoned at Skattøra, later being repaired and flown by the Germans.
Royal Air Force
The four escaped aircraft were reformed into the Norwegian
Helensburgh
Helensburgh (; gd, Baile Eilidh) is an affluent coastal town on the north side of the Firth of Clyde in Scotland, situated at the mouth of the Gareloch. Historically in Dunbartonshire, it became part of Argyll and Bute following local gove ...
Group under
Commander Bugge.
The exiled Norwegian
Cabinet Nygaardsvold
__NOTOC__
Nygaardsvold's Cabinet (later becoming the Norwegian government-in-exile, Norwegian: ''Norsk eksilregjering'') was appointed on 20 March 1935, the second Labour cabinet in Norway. It brought to an end the non-socialist minority Gover ...
made plans soon after arriving in Britain to use the four He 115 aircraft to perform
leaflet dropping missions over Norway. The leaflet mission was to deliver a declaration to the
Norwegian people, stating the Norwegian authorities were re-established in the UK and rejected any Nazi German overtures for a German–Norwegian peace deal. All four Norwegian He 115s were ordered from Helensburgh to Scapa Flow on 3 July 1940 to carry out the mission, although one had to return to Helensburgh due to engine problems. The three He 115s assembled at
Scapa Flow were ordered to fly to Norway and drop the declaration over the cities of
Oslo
Oslo ( , , or ; sma, Oslove) is the capital and most populous city of Norway. It constitutes both a county and a municipality. The municipality of Oslo had a population of in 2022, while the city's greater urban area had a population ...
,
Bergen
Bergen (), historically Bjørgvin, is a city and municipality in Vestland county on the west coast of Norway. , its population is roughly 285,900. Bergen is the second-largest city in Norway. The municipality covers and is on the peninsula o ...
and
Trondheim
Trondheim ( , , ; sma, Tråante), historically Kaupangen, Nidaros and Trondhjem (), is a city and municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. As of 2020, it had a population of 205,332, was the third most populous municipality in Norway, and ...
. Shortly before the mission was to get under way the British
Air Ministry
The Air Ministry was a department of the Government of the United Kingdom with the responsibility of managing the affairs of the Royal Air Force, that existed from 1918 to 1964. It was under the political authority of the Secretary of State ...
intervened and stopped the expedition, insisting that such an undertaking would be suicidal to attempt with the slow flying He 115s. Three days later, the aircraft returned to Helensburgh.
Three of the Norwegian He 115s (F.56, F.58 and F.64) were subsequently used in covert operations off Norway and in the
Mediterranean
The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Western Europe, Western and Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa ...
Sea with Norwegian crews. In British service, the three received new
serial numbers
A serial number is a unique identifier assigned incrementally or sequentially to an item, to ''uniquely'' identify it.
Serial numbers need not be strictly numerical. They may contain letters and other typographical symbols, or may consist enti ...
, ''BV184'', ''BV185'' and ''BV187''.
''BV184'' was attacked and damaged by two Polish
Spitfire
The Supermarine Spitfire is a British single-seat fighter aircraft used by the Royal Air Force and other Allied countries before, during, and after World War II. Many variants of the Spitfire were built, from the Mk 1 to the Rolls-Royce Grif ...
fighters over the
Bay of Biscay in the spring of 1942, while co-operating with French fishing boats and later lost in a refuelling fire in the UK.
''BV185'' was destroyed in an Italian air raid on
Kalafrana,
Malta
Malta ( , , ), officially the Republic of Malta ( mt, Repubblika ta' Malta ), is an island country in the Mediterranean Sea. It consists of an archipelago, between Italy and Libya, and is often considered a part of Southern Europe. It lies ...
after flying just one clandestine operation to North Africa.
''BV187'' flew several missions on the North African coast from its base in Malta before being destroyed by two German Bf 109s.
Finnish Air Force
On 8 June 1940, the day after Norwegian forces were ordered to cease hostilities, one He 115 (F.50, deemed technically unfit to be flown to UK), was flown to Finland posing as a civilian aircraft LN-MAB. The float-plane was interned but the pilot, experienced line captain and naval lieutenant Helge Dahl and crew were free to leave Finland. From Summer 1941 it was used by the
LLv.14 of the
Finnish Air Force
, colours =
, colours_label =
, march =
, mascot =
, anniversaries =
, equipment = 159
, equipment_label ...
code HE-115 and named "Jenny", to ferry
''Sissi'' troops behind Soviet lines. In this role, it proved valuable in a terrain with numerous secluded lakes. It served in this role until ambushed in
East Karelia on 4 July 1943. ''Jenny'' took off but soon had to ditch and the crew was taken prisoner. Two days later the floating HE-115 was strafed by Finnish Morane-Saulnier MS406 fighters. There are reports that the Soviets salvaged the wreck for evaluation.
Two Luftwaffe He 115 C were borrowed for similar operations in 1943–44 and operated with German markings by Finnish crew. One was returned in 1944 but the other was surrendered to the Soviets after armistice.
Swedish Air Force
The
Swedish Air Force operated 12 He 115A-2s under the local designation T 2, with Air Force numbers 101–112. Another six aircraft were ordered but never delivered due to the outbreak of World War II. They were sturdy and well liked by their crews and were not taken out of use until 1952. The Swedish T 2s were kept on duty throughout World War II and made a valuable contribution to protecting and enforcing Swedish neutrality. The T 2s replaced the outdated T 1s (Heinkel HD 16s) as torpedo bombers and also served as regular bombers, for smoke screening and for long-range reconnaissance missions. Five of the 12 T 2s were lost in accidents during their service with the Swedish Air Force.
Variants
Prototypes
Five prototypes were used in the development of the aircraft,
* He 115 V1 August 1937, set eight payload/speed records
* He 115 V2 November 1937, similar to V1
* He 115 V3 March 1938, introduced glassed
cockpit, which became standard
* He 115 V4 May 1938, production
prototype, introduced struts in place of wires between
fuselage
The fuselage (; from the French ''fuselé'' "spindle-shaped") is an aircraft's main body section. It holds crew, passengers, or cargo. In single-engine aircraft, it will usually contain an engine as well, although in some amphibious aircraf ...
and
floats
* He 115 V5 1939
Production
The basic design of the aircraft remained unchanged during the type's career. The main differences, with a few notable exceptions, were changes in armament and avionics. Also to note is that the 'new' 'E' version, launched when production restarted in 1941, is in fact similar to the 'C'-series, again with the exception of armament changes.
* He 115 A-0 10 pre-production examples, armed with a single
machine gun
A machine gun is a fully automatic, rifled autoloading firearm designed for sustained direct fire with rifle cartridges. Other automatic firearms such as automatic shotguns and automatic rifles (including assault rifles and battle rifles) ar ...
* He 115 A-1 added a nose-mounted machine gun.
* He 115 A-2 similar to A-1, exported to Norway and Sweden
* He 115 A-3 modified weapons bay and changes to the radio equipment
* He 115 B-0 the 'B'-series introduced the ability to trade fuel and bomb load, as well as the possibility to carry a magnetic mine
* He 115 B-1 added increased fuel capacity
** He 115 B-1/R1
** He 115 B-1/R2
** He 115 B-1/R3
* He 115 B-2 had reinforced floats for operation from ice or snow
* He 115 C-1 introduced additional armament
** He 11 5C-1/R1
** He 115 C-1/R2
** He 115 C-1/R3
** He 115 C-1/R4
* He 115 C-2 reinforced floats in same manner as B-2
* He 115 C-3 minelayer version.
* He 115 C-4 torpedo bomber version.
* He 115 D one aircraft fitted with
BMW 801
The BMW 801 was a powerful German air-cooled 14-cylinder-radial aircraft engine built by BMW and used in a number of German Luftwaffe aircraft of World War II. Production versions of the twin-row engine generated between 1,560 and 2,000 PS ...
C engines rated at 1,147 kW (1,560 PS) each.
* He 115 E-1 similar to the 'C'-series, but with revised armament.
Operators
;
* ''
Ilmavoimat''
;
Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
* ''
Luftwaffe
The ''Luftwaffe'' () was the aerial-warfare branch of the German ''Wehrmacht'' before and during World War II. Germany's military air arms during World War I, the ''Luftstreitkräfte'' of the Imperial Army and the '' Marine-Fliegerabtei ...
''
;
*
Royal Norwegian Navy Air Service
The Royal Norwegian Navy Air Service ( no, Marinens flyvevesen) was alongside the Norwegian Army Air Service the forerunner to the modern-day Royal Norwegian Air Force.
History
The RNNAS was established on 1 June 1912,Official Norwegian Defence ...
;
* ''
Aviación Nacional
A Caudron C.286 of the Nationalist Spanish Air Force
The terms "Aviación Nacional" ("Nationalist Aviation"), "Fuerza Aérea Nacional" ("Nationalist Air Force") and "Ejército Nacional del Aire" ("Nationalist Army of the Air") refer to military a ...
''
;
* ''
Svenska flygvapnet''
;
*
Royal Air Force
The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the United Kingdom's air and space force. It was formed towards the end of the First World War on 1 April 1918, becoming the first independent air force in the world, by regrouping the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) an ...
Specifications (He 115 B-1)
Surviving aircraft
* He 115 A-2 Werknr. 3043? Recovered from Russia, now in storage with private owner in France
* He 115 B/C Werknr. 2398 was recovered from
Hafrsfjord
Hafrsfjord or Hafrsfjorden is a fjord in the Stavanger Peninsula in Rogaland county, Norway. The long fjord forms the border between the municipalities of Stavanger and Sola. On the west side of the fjord is the large village of Tananger, on ...
in Norway on 2 June 2012. It was part of 1 Staffel, Seefernaufklärungsgruppe 906 (No. 1 Squadron, 906 Maritime Reconnaissance Group), known until February 1941 as Küstenfliegergruppe 906 (906 Coastal Aviation Group),
Luftflotte 5
Luftflotte 5 (Air Fleet 5) was one of the primary divisions of the German Luftwaffe in World War II. It was formed 12 April 1940 in Hamburg for the invasion of Norway.
It transferred to Oslo, Norway on 24 April 1940 and was the organization respo ...
. In July 2012 the aircraft was in storage awaiting restoration at the
Flyhistorisk Museum, Sola near
Stavanger.
* The wreck of a He 115 was located at the bottom of the lake Limingen in Nord-Trøndelag, Norway in 2013.
[http://www.nrk.no/trondelag/1.11216620, (in Norwegian)]
See also
References
Notes
Bibliography
*
* Donald, David (ed). ''Warplanes of the Luftwaffe''. London:Aerospace Publishing, 1994. .
* Ede, Paul and Moeng, Soph (gen. editors) ''The Encyclopedia of World Aircraft''
*
* Keskinen, Kalevi and Stenman, Kari ''Finnish Air Force 1939-1945'' .
* "Last of a Genus...The Heinkel 115". ''
Air International'', February 1987, Vol. 32 No. 2. pp. 96–101. ISSN 0306-5634.
* "Last of a Genus...The Heinkel 115 Part Two". ''Air International'', March 1987, Vol. 32 No. 3. pp. 154–156. ISSN 0306-5634.
* Munson, Kenneth. ''Fighters and Bombers of World War II''. London: Peerage Books. 1983.
* Norrbom, Gösta ISBN unstated
External links
Article on He 115 found at Haltenbanken
{{Swedish military aircraft designations
1930s German bomber aircraft
Floatplanes
World War II torpedo bombers of Germany
He 115
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1937
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
World War II aircraft of Finland