The is a
dam
A dam is a barrier that stops or restricts the flow of surface water or underground streams. Reservoirs created by dams not only suppress floods but also provide water for activities such as irrigation, human consumption, industrial use, a ...
on the
Åi River
The is a river in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan.
Geography
The Åi River flows from the Akaishi Mountains, the branch of the Japanese Southern Alps which form the border between Shizuoka, Nagano and Yamanashi prefectures. These mountains, with p ...
in
Aoi-ku,
Shizuoka
Shizuoka can refer to:
* Shizuoka Prefecture, a Japanese prefecture
* Shizuoka (city), the capital city of Shizuoka Prefecture
* Shizuoka Airport
* Shizuoka Domain, the name from 1868 to 1871 for Sunpu Domain, a predecessor of Shizuoka Prefecture
...
,
Shizuoka Prefecture
is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūbu region of Honshu. Shizuoka Prefecture has a population of 3,637,998 and has a geographic area of . Shizuoka Prefecture borders Kanagawa Prefecture to the east, Yamanashi Prefecture to the northea ...
on the island of
Honshū
, historically called , is the largest and most populous island of Japan. It is located south of HokkaidŠacross the Tsugaru Strait, north of Shikoku across the Inland Sea, and northeast of Kyūshū across the Kanmon Straits. The island separa ...
,
Japan
Japan ( ja, æ¥æ¬, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...
. With a height of , it is the tallest hollow-core
concrete
Concrete is a composite material composed of fine and coarse aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement (cement paste) that hardens (cures) over time. Concrete is the second-most-used substance in the world after water, and is the most wi ...
gravity dam
A gravity dam is a dam constructed from concrete or stone masonry and designed to hold back water by using only the weight of the material and its resistance against the foundation to oppose the horizontal pressure of water pushing against it. ...
in the world. It has a
hydroelectric power
Hydroelectricity, or hydroelectric power, is electricity generated from hydropower (water power). Hydropower supplies one sixth of the world's electricity, almost 4500 TWh in 2020, which is more than all other renewable sources combined and ...
generating station owned by the
Chubu Electric Power Company
, abbreviated as Chuden in Japanese, is a Japanese electric utilities provider for the middle Chūbu region of the Honshu island of Japan. It provides electricity at 60 Hz, though an area of Nagano Prefecture uses 50 Hz. Chubu Electric ...
. It supports a
pumped-storage
Pumped-storage hydroelectricity (PSH), or pumped hydroelectric energy storage (PHES), is a type of hydroelectric energy storage used by electric power systems for load balancing. The method stores energy in the form of gravitational potential ...
hydroelectric
Hydroelectricity, or hydroelectric power, is electricity generated from hydropower (water power). Hydropower supplies one sixth of the world's electricity, almost 4500 TWh in 2020, which is more than all other renewable sources combined and ...
power station
A power station, also referred to as a power plant and sometimes generating station or generating plant, is an industrial facility for the generation of electric power. Power stations are generally connected to an electrical grid.
Many p ...
.
History
The potential of the Åi River valley for hydroelectric power development was realized by the
Meiji government
The was the government that was formed by politicians of the Satsuma Domain and ChÅshÅ« Domain in the 1860s. The Meiji government was the early government of the Empire of Japan.
Politicians of the Meiji government were known as the Meiji o ...
at the start of the 20th century. The Åi River was characterized by a high volume of flow and a fast current. Its mountainous upper reaches and tributaries were areas of steep valleys and abundant rainfall, and were sparsely populated. Design work began in 1902 by the and the first dam on the Åi River (the
Tashiro Dam) was completed in 1927. Further work was suspended by the
Great Depression
The Great Depression (19291939) was an economic shock that impacted most countries across the world. It was a period of economic depression that became evident after a major fall in stock prices in the United States. The economic contagio ...
of the 1930s, and
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countriesâincluding all of the great powersâforming two opposin ...
in the 1940s. However, by the early 1950s, Japanâs need for electrical energy was growing exponentially. The
Åigawa Railway Ikawa Line
The is a railway line of the Åigawa Railway. It runs from Senzu Station in Kawanehon, Shizuoka, the end station of the Åigawa Main Line, and terminates at Ikawa Station in Aoi-ku, Shizuoka. The line has 61 tunnels and 51 bridges along its 25 ...
was expanded to facilitate dam construction, and the newly created Chubu Electric Power Company received a loan from the
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and international security, security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be ...
Bank for Reconstruction and Development on September 10, 1958 to fund the project. Construction was completed by December 1961, and the system came into operation in early 1962.
Design
The Hatanagi Project was designed as a
pumped-storage hydroelectricity
Pumped-storage hydroelectricity (PSH), or pumped hydroelectric energy storage (PHES), is a type of hydroelectric energy storage used by electric power systems for load balancing. The method stores energy in the form of gravitational potential ...
facility, with the discharge from Hatanagi No.1 Dam discharging through a
penstock
A penstock is a sluice or gate or intake structure that controls water flow, or an enclosed pipe that delivers water to hydro turbines and sewerage systems. The term is inherited from the earlier technology of mill ponds and watermills.
H ...
into a lake created by the smaller
Hatanagi No.2 Dam downstream. The reversible turbine generators at the Hatanagi No.1 power plant were designed to function as either electrical power generators, or as pumps, to reverse the flow of water back to the reservoir in times of low demand. The generators have a capacity of , and a maximum flow rate of 137 m
3/s.
The lake created by the dam serves as an important source of
tap water
Tap water (also known as faucet water, running water, or municipal water) is water supplied through a tap, a water dispenser valve. In many countries, tap water usually has the quality of drinking water. Tap water is commonly used for drinking, ...
, industrial water and
irrigation
Irrigation (also referred to as watering) is the practice of applying controlled amounts of water to land to help grow Crop, crops, Landscape plant, landscape plants, and Lawn, lawns. Irrigation has been a key aspect of agriculture for over 5,00 ...
water in Shizuoka Prefecture.
Surroundings
The Hatanagi-I is located in the
Minami Alps National Park
is a national park in the Akaishi Mountains, Chūbu region, Honshū, Japan.
The Minami Alps National Park was established on June 1, 1964. It extends along the border of Shizuoka, Yamanashi and Nagano Prefectures for a length of , and a ...
, an area of high mountains, forests, and a popular vacation area. Public access to the dam and its lake are by Shizuoka Prefectural Road 60, with bus connections to
Ikawa Station or directly with
Shizuoka Station
is a major railway station in Shizuoka, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, operated by the Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central).
Lines
Shizuoka Station is served by the TÅkaidÅ Shinkansen and TÅkaidÅ Main Line, and is 180.2 rail km from Tok ...
or
Shin-Shizuoka Station
270px, former station building
is a railway station in Aoi-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, operated by the private railway company, Shizuoka Railway (Shizutetsu). It is located within the Shin-Shizuoka Cenova shopping complex.
Lines
...
.
See also
*
Hatanagi-II Hydroelectric Dam
*
List of power stations in Japan
This page is a list of power stations in Japan that are publicly or privately owned.
List
Former power station
* Senju Thermal Power Station
See also
*Electricity sector in Japan
*Energy in Japan
*List of largest power station ...
Notes
References
* Japan Commission on Large Dams. ''Dams in Japan:Past, Present and Future''. CRC Press (2009).
External links
Chubu Electric home pageUnited Nations Treaty Organization
{{Dams in Shizuoka Prefecture
Dams completed in 1961
Energy infrastructure completed in 1961
Gravity dams
Dams in Shizuoka Prefecture
Pumped-storage hydroelectric power stations in Japan